Did you buy a smart internet-connected toothbrush? Perhaps even now it’s DDOSing a website somewhere. CC-licensed photo by Electric Teeth on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Bright and clean. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

The creator economy can’t rely on Patreon • Joan Westenberg

Westenberg does the maths:

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Creators who are burned out by renting space on someone else’s platform and playing the Shopping Channel game, squeezing dollars out of sponsored promotions, eventually shift toward a direct funding patronage model.

The promise of it is certainly attractive.

But it’s just not realistic.

From Ghost to Patreon memberships and everything in between, there are more options than ever for artists, musicians, writers, and video producers to get paid directly by their audience. It’s the 1,000 true fans theory that we’ve all been sold for the past 15 years – that all you need is a strong mailing list of people who give a shit, and a healthy living will follow.

Unfortunately, a theory is all it is.

Put simply, the numbers don’t add up. Data from Patreon and Substack suggests the average conversion rate from follower to paying fan is about 5%. This means a creator would need a total fanbase of 20,000 followers to yield 1,000 paying supporters. And building a core fanbase of 20,000 engaged followers is extremely difficult in today’s crowded creative landscape.

Relying solely on organic user payments rarely provides reliable and adequate income. Creators soon discover building a subscriber base is far easier said than done. Though some succeed due to viral content or niche popularity, creators are more often stranded in the discouraging and disappointing gap between audience reach and monetisable support.

In a crowded market, the supply of content creators hoping to profit from their work directly outstrips demand. The number of YouTube channels, podcasts, Substack newsletters, and other independently produced media has exploded. The signal-to-noise ratio is utterly unhinged. Talented creators struggle to stand out and attract an audience, let alone convince fans to pay up regularly. It is statistically unlikely that any random podcast or YouTube channel will blow up in popularity to the point of replacing the creator’s working salary through direct payments.

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*deep sigh* Did the internet make this harder, or easier?
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Why does journalism seem like it’s collapsing? Call it market failure • Fast Company

Ryan McCarthy:

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Thousands of journalists are losing jobs.

In conversations I’ve had recently, with both execs and workaday journalists like myself, people have started privately whispering two extremely grim words to describe what’s happening: market failure.

This term, normally reserved for economists and policy types, describes what happens when a free market gets so distorted that the normal rules of economics no longer apply—to the point where that market begins to exact a toll on society. Now, in the wake of this terrible year, the journalism world is starting to wonder if its market isn’t just struggling but has outright failed. And if indeed it has, no amount of hustle, innovation, or ingenuity would solve the crisis.

…So why is all of this happening at once? Ezra Klein of The New York Times posits that journalism’s “middle” is collapsing, leaving us only with large news orgs like The Times on one end and entrepreneurial Substackers on the other. Semafor editor-in-chief Ben Smith and CNN’s Oliver Darcy both point to an array of factors, including declining print and digital business and antsy billionaire owners.

None of these are sufficient to explain the sheer size of this year’s cuts. Nor can they explain why money, even large amounts of it, seems to be of no help. At the Los Angeles Times, Soon-Shiong has put nearly $1 billion into the paper since buying it in 2018, according to the company. 

For journalists at these struggling outlets, there’s another explanation. “The private market has failed,” says Matt Pearce, a reporter at the Los Angeles Times and the president of Media Guild of the West. “Part of what’s so scary is that I don’t think you can narrow it down to any one thing. It’s a multitude of things that are kind of failing simultaneously.”

Or falling precipitously. Social media traffic to news sites has been dropping for years, as platforms become actively resistant to news. Google has since become the largest driver of traffic for many big and small digital publishers. But since roughly 2022, thanks to changes in the platform’s algorithm, execs at some sites I spoke to say they’ve seen big drops in Google traffic—as much as a 40% drop almost overnight.

Imagine running a business in which one of your main modes of distribution can fall that quickly. 

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As I said yesterday: journalism in the US is in a bad place. Not sure how things look for the UK ones, either.
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Taylor Swift demands Jack Sweeney stop tracking her jet • The Washington Post

Drew Harwell:

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Taylor Swift’s attorneys have threatened legal action against a Florida college student who runs social media accounts tracking the flights of her and other celebrities’ private jets.

Jack Sweeney, a junior at the University of Central Florida, has for years run accounts that log the takeoffs and landings of planes and helicopters owned by hundreds of billionaires, politicians, Russian oligarchs and other public figures, along with estimates of their planet-warming emissions. The accounts use publicly available data from the Federal Aviation Administration and volunteer hobbyists who can track the aircraft via the signals they broadcast.

Sweeney’s accounts fueled a free-speech debate in late 2022 when X, formerly Twitter, banned Sweeney for sharing what the platform’s owner, Elon Musk, said were his “assassination coordinates.” The accounts don’t say who travels on the aircraft or where they go once the planes land.

In December, Swift’s attorney at the Washington law firm Venable wrote Sweeney a cease-and-desist letter saying Swift would “have no choice but to pursue any and all legal remedies” if he did not stop his “stalking and harassing behavior.”

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Can’t see Swift winning this one. She doesn’t own a social network, apart from anything.
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Three million malware-infected smart toothbrushes used in Swiss DDoS attacks, causing millions in damages • Tom’s Hardware

Mark Tyson:

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A recent report published by the Aargauer Zeitung (h/t Golem.de) says around three million smart toothbrushes have been infected by hackers and enslaved into botnets. The source report says this sizable army of connected dental cleansing tools was used in a DDoS attack on a Swiss company’s website. The firm’s site collapsed under the strain of the attack, reportedly resulting in the loss of millions of Euros of business.

In this particular case, the toothbrush botnet was thought to have been vulnerable due to its Java-based OS. No particular toothbrush brand was mentioned in the source report. Normally, the toothbrushes would have used their connectivity for tracking and improving user oral hygiene habits, but after a malware infection, these toothbrushes were press-ganged into a botnet.

Stefan Züger from the Swiss branch of the global cybersecurity firm Fortinet provided the publication with a few tips on what people could do to protect their own toothbrushes – or other connected gadgetry like routers, set-top boxes, surveillance cameras, doorbells, baby monitors, washing machines, and so on.

“Every device that is connected to the Internet is a potential target – or can be misused for an attack,” Züger told the Swiss newspaper. The security expert also explained that every connected device was being continually probed for vulnerabilities by hackers, so there is a real arms race between device software/firmware makers and cyber criminals. Fortinet recently connected an ‘unprotected’ PC to the internet and found it took only 20 minutes before it became malware-ridden.

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Google Maps: new Generative AI feature coming to Local Guides • Google Blog

Miriam Daniel is VP and general manager of Google Maps:

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Today, we’re introducing a new way to discover places with generative AI to help you do just that — no matter how specific, niche or broad your needs might be. Simply say what you’re looking for and our large-language models (LLMs) will analyze Maps’ detailed information about more than 250 million places and trusted insights from our community of over 300 million contributors to quickly make suggestions for where to go.

Starting in the U.S., this early access experiment launches this week to select Local Guides, who are some of the most active and passionate members of the Maps community. Their insights and valuable feedback will help us shape this feature so we can bring it to everyone over time.

Let’s say you’re visiting San Francisco and want to plan a few hours of thrifting for unique vintage finds. Just ask Maps what you’re looking for, like “places with a vintage vibe in SF.” Our AI models will analyze Maps’ rich information about nearby businesses and places along with photos, ratings and reviews from the Maps community to give you trustworthy suggestions.

You’ll see results organized into helpful categories — like clothing stores, vinyl shops and flea markets — along with photo carousels and review summaries that highlight why a place might be interesting for you to visit.

Maybe you also want to grab a bite to eat somewhere that keeps those vintage vibes going. Continue the conversation with a follow-up question like “How about lunch?” Maps will suggest places that match the vintage vibe you’re looking for, like an old-school diner nearby. From there, you can save the places to a list to stay organized, share with friends or revisit in the future.

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How much would you trust this, though? (I suppose you’d have to.) Also, orthogonally: Miriam Daniel is VP *and* GM of Maps. A couple of years ago someone else was just VP. Daniel joined in 2021 with both job titles. Does she now parlay one out when someone ascends to be good enough as GM?
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How AI is remodelling the fantasy home • The New York Times

Amanda Hess:

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In recent years, a whole AI dream-house economy has materialized. Search Pinterest for décor inspiration, and you’ll find it clogged with artificial bedrooms that lead off to websites hawking cheap home accessories. “House porn” accounts on TikTok and X churn out antiseptic loft renderings and impossible views from nonexistent Parisian apartments. The website “This House Does Not Exist” generates random new homes upon command. And dozens of AI-powered design services and apps — among them SofaBrain and RoomGPT — churn out slick images tuned to your specifications.

A jangling set of house keys was once synonymous with American success: the striver’s ultimate prize. The misery produced by this idea (see: the Great Recession) has not dampened its allure. Now, thanks to elevated interest rates, insufficient supply and corporate landlords snapping up that limited housing stock, homeownership is more unrealistic than ever. AI houses just make that unreality explicit. In the virtual market, the supply is endless, and the key is always in the lock.

Housing voyeurism has always encouraged a measure of psychic projection. On TV, the celebrity house tour and the home-improvement program are older than I am. Magazines of aspirational domesticity are older still. In the 1970s, Architectural Digest transformed from a trade publication into a showcase for publicizing the private spaces of what it called “men and women of taste, discrimination and personal achievement.” In the 1980s, viewers of “Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous” were prompted to imagine how they might spend their millions if they had them.

This was the lousy trade-off of American inequality: The rich got lavish homes, and everyone else got to see the pictures, and experience the release that comes from judging all of their choices up close.

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Now, though, they just look at AI versions.
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23andMe’s fall from $6bn valuation to nearly $0 • WSJ

Rolfe Winkler:

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With so many [about nine million] DNA samples banked, 23andMe dialled up drug development, splitting costs and future profits in a deal with pharmaceutical giant GSK for therapies discovered inside 23andMe’s database. 

Unlike most small biotechs, which focus on a few areas, 23andMe investigated treatments for dozens of diseases. The payoff could be big, but any one drug can cost hundreds of millions of dollars and take 10 years to get through clinical trials. 23andMe says it has found more than 50 “drug candidates.” So far two have made it to early-stage human trials. Later this year, data could be released that will show whether one of them works.

By 2022, the drug development effort grew to a 150-person outpost in South San Francisco, one that would carry forward research after GSK’s deal to share costs ended. Wojcicki said that she assumed she would be able to raise additional capital to support her development effort. But when that time came this year, interest rates were high and small drug-company stocks were out of favor. Unable to raise money, Wojcicki cut half the development team last summer. 

To create a recurring revenue stream from the tests, [CEO and founder Anne] Wojcicki has pivoted to subscriptions. As media companies launched streaming “+” channels, Wojcicki rolled out 23andMe+, offering personalized health reports, lifestyle advice and unspecified “new reports and features as discoveries are made” for an initial $229, with annual renewals of $69.

When the company last disclosed the number of subscribers a year ago, it had 640,000—less than half the number it had projected it would have by then. 

Asked about the projection, Wojcicki first denied having given one. Shown the investor presentation that included it, she studied the page and after a pause said, “There’s nothing else to say other than that we were wrong.” 

The idea behind 23andMe’s health data is that there may be worrisome information locked inside your genetic code that you’re better off knowing about. A small percentage of customers have a rare genetic variant increasing their risk of breast cancer, for example, and 23andMe’s test is a reliable screen that can lead to lifesaving doctor follow-ups. But most people don’t have a life-changing disease lurking in their genetic code. It’s not clear 23andMe has a compelling product worth $69 annually for either group.

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Likely acquisition target in the next few months or so as the cash runs short.
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13 Years Later • The Critic Magazine

Robert Hutton writes the Parliamentary sketch:

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Imagine for a moment that in early 2009, crossing Westminster Bridge, you had been hit by Gordon Brown’s motorcade and put into a coma. Waking 15 years later in St Thomas’ Hospital, you wandered out and, seeing a crowd of people in tweed jackets and mustard trousers, followed them into a hall for what turned out to be the launch of the Popular Conservatives movement. 

Who, you might have thought, are these dynamic politicians? There was a comedy turn from a chap called Rees-Mogg — looks like double-breasted suits have made a comeback — and a punchy speech from someone called Liz Truss. There is an MP with a big future ahead of her, you might have told yourself. 

And they certainly had a compelling story to tell. Why, it seems that, while you were unconscious, some bunch of complete chancers had been running Britain into the ground! As speaker after speaker explained, you’d woken up in a country in which nothing worked, where taxes were too high, the government intervened in every aspect of people’s lives, and where no one could afford to pay their bills. Thank goodness, you would have thought to yourself, there was a general election around the corner, so that this rotten government could be chucked out and replaced by somebody halfway competent. You wouldn’t be surprised if that Truss got a big job. 

For those of us who arrived at the Popular Conservatives launch with the doubtful advantage of having been awake for much of the past decade, things were a little more confusing. Popular Conservatism is certainly exciting new direction for a party which has mastered the alternative. But some vital piece of the narrative was missing. 

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Hutton always takes an acid rinse to the absurdities of the current crop of politicians, but this one was particularly abrasive about the delusions of these idiots. Truss, as a reminder, crashed the markets (and nearly destabilised the UK’s pension system) and had to resign as prime minister after 49 days, outlasted by a lettuce.
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Why Quora isn’t useful anymore: AI came for the best site on the internet • Slate

Nitish Pahwa:

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A smart and passionate community dedicated to maintaining a positive and affirmative space where the most curious netizens could gather—what sounded more ideal than that? No wonder Quora had such a growth spurt in the 2010s.

Today’s Quora, however, hardly meshes with those utopian aims. The once-beloved forum is now home to a never-ending avalanche of meaningless, repetitive sludge, filled with bizarre, nonsensical, straight-up hateful, and A.I.–generated entries along with a slurry of all-caps non-questions like “OMG! KING CHARLES SHOCK the WORLD with ROYAL BAN ON PRINCE HARRY AND MEGHAN MARKLE. SAD?” (The answer to this “question,” which garnered about 7 million views, links to a bizarre, barely functional royals-watching website called red-carpett.com.) Whereas once you could Google a question about current events and find links to thoughtful Quora answers near the top of the results, you’re now more likely to come upon, say, a bunch of folks asking in the year of our Lord 2024 whether the consistently racist Donald Trump is, in fact, racist. Or, maybe, the featured Google snippet will tell you that eggs can melt, thanks to a nonsense Quora answer caught in the search crawler.

…Quora’s shrinking utility isn’t due entirely to A.I.: Longtime writers cite issues with moderation and functionality that started well before the ChatGPT era. But its decline has been accelerating—much to the chagrin of the uniquely attached and now-fraying community—with the rise of this new knowledge broker. Earlier this month, the A.I.–accelerationist venture capital hub Andreessen Horowitz blessed Quora with a much-needed $75m investment—but only for the sake of developing its on-site generative-text chatbot, Poe.

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Thanks for nothing, a16z. Quora has indeed become a weird place, where the good content is thinly sprinkled among the newer junk. Like the broader internet, really.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

You too could get scammed by a call purporting to be from your credit card company. How will you spot it before it happens? CC-licensed photo by frankie leon on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Charge it! I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

How I got scammed • Pluralistic

Cory Doctorow:

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Over the Christmas holiday, I traveled to New Orleans. The day we landed, I hit a Chase ATM in the French Quarter for some cash, but the machine declined the transaction. Later in the day, we passed a little credit-union’s ATM and I used that one instead (I bank with a one-branch credit union and generally there’s no fee to use another CU’s ATM).

A couple days later, I got a call from my credit union (CU). It was a weekend, during the holiday, and the guy who called was obviously working for my little CU’s after-hours fraud contractor. I’d dealt with these folks before – they service a ton of little credit unions, and generally the call quality isn’t great and the staff will often make mistakes like mispronouncing my credit union’s name.

That’s what happened here – the guy was on a terrible VOIP line and I had to ask him to readjust his mic before I could even understand him. He mispronounced my bank’s name and then asked if I’d attempted to spend $1,000 at an Apple Store in NYC that day. No, I said, and groaned inwardly. What a pain in the ass. Obviously, I’d had my ATM card skimmed – either at the Chase ATM (maybe that was why the transaction failed), or at the other credit union’s ATM (it had been a very cheap looking system).

I told the guy to block my card and we started going through the tedious business of running through recent transactions, verifying my identity, and so on. It dragged on and on. These were my last hours in New Orleans, and I’d left my family at home and gone out to see some of the pre-Mardi Gras krewe celebrations and get a muffalata, and I could tell that I was going to run out of time before I finished talking to this guy.

“Look,” I said, “you’ve got all my details, you’ve frozen the card. I gotta go home and meet my family and head to the airport. I’ll call you back on the after-hours number once I’m through security, all right?”

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As the headline suggests, it wasn’t all right. But you, like Cory, might find it hard at first to spot where it went wrong. Just goes to show: it can happen to any of us. But, Doctorow points out, there’s some sort of data leak going on which is making people extra vulnerable to this.
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Inside the underground site where ‘neural networks’ churn out fake IDs • 404 Media

Joseph Cox:

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An underground website called OnlyFake is claiming to use “neural networks” to generate realistic looking photos of fake IDs for just $15, radically disrupting the marketplace for fake identities and cybersecurity more generally. This technology, which 404 Media has verified produces fake IDs nearly instantly, could streamline everything from bank fraud to laundering stolen funds.

In our own tests, OnlyFake created a highly convincing California driver’s license, complete with whatever arbitrary name, biographical information, address, expiration date, and signature we wanted. The photo even gives the appearance that the ID card is laying on a fluffy carpet, as if someone has placed it on the floor and snapped a picture, which many sites require for verification purposes. 404 Media then used another fake ID generated by this site to successfully step through the identity verification process on OKX. OKX is a cryptocurrency exchange that has recently appeared in multiple court records because of its use by criminals.

Rather than painstakingly crafting a fake ID by hand—a highly skilled criminal profession that can take years to master—or waiting for a purchased one to arrive in the mail with the risk of interception, OnlyFake lets essentially anyone generate fake IDs in minutes that may seem real enough to bypass various online verification systems. Or at least fool some people.

“The era of rendering documents using Photoshop is coming to an end,” an announcement posted to OnlyFake’s Telegram account reads. As well as “neural networks,” the service claims to use “generators” which create up to 20,000 documents a day. The service’s owner, who goes by the moniker John Wick, told 404 Media that hundreds of documents can be generated at once using data from an Excel table. 

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Totally logical development. (In passing: 404 Media is doing register-to-read, and a paywall. It’s got the potential to become a really good technology site if enough people sign up.)
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TechCrunch+ termination • Lux Capital

Danny Crichton is the former managing editor of Techcrunch, which as he points out has survived where plenty of other media properties haven’t:

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TechCrunch’s focus on startups required second-order thinking. Startup-related articles got a fraction of the readership of an article on Apple, since no one is searching on Google for the name of a startup they have never heard of before. So why bother? Indeed, many of TechCrunch’s now-dead competitors didn’t bother. The key insight though is that these articles attract the startup CEOs and founders, and it is precisely this demographic that is so valuable for advertisers. Startup coverage was a form of service journalism, and one that happened to create a perpetual revenue machine.

The other half of TechCrunch’s business is events, and namely Disrupt. Disrupt attracts around 10,000 attendees per year, and the fruits of that service journalism on startups kept on giving. Disrupt offered Founder Pass packages that were quite affordable even for the youngest companies, while charging eye-watering sums for business executives from legacy technology companies. The economic price discrimination is and was brilliant: make sure the “cool kids” are there, and then charge the so-called “grown-ups” to be around them.

TechCrunch’s events were more profitable compared to the industry norm since most of them were local to San Francisco, none of the speakers were paid, panels could be constructed by accomplished beat writers who already knew who should be there (greatly reducing the number of event planners required), and the site itself became the best advertising medium to sell tickets and sponsorships, vastly reducing marketing costs.

The unique economics for TechCrunch around advertising and events funded the organization well, but they have an obvious flaw: they don’t really scale.

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And yet it’s also shutting down its subscription service Extra Crunch/TechCrunch+. Which struck me as odd, until I read Crichton’s description of the impossibility of finding writers to produce content for it. (Try guessing how much one feature writer demanded to write a feature. Nope, it was more than that.) Journalism in the US is in deep trouble.
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Amazon finds $1bn jackpot in its 100 million+ IPv4 address stockpile • TechSpot

Zane Khan:

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Amazon Web Services (AWS) flipped the switch on its new IPv4 address pricing scheme on February 1 as it had announced months prior. The new policy means customers will pay $0.005 per public IPv4 address per hour, a seemingly negligible amount at first glance. But dig deeper and you’ll find a billion-dollar revenue stream emerging for Amazon’s cloud division.

The tech giant first teased the pricing change last summer, positioning it as a necessity given skyrocketing demand and administrative costs for IPv4 addresses. After all, the 32-bit protocol is tapped out at around 4.3 billion unique IDs. That may sound like a lot but in an era of proliferating smart devices, we indeed are running out.

And as IDs run out, associated costs have soared. “The cost to acquire a single public IPv4 address has risen more than 300% over the past five years,” the company stated, urging users to transition to IPv6 with its vast 128-bit address pool.

But IPv4 remains widespread, and Amazon holds a trove of the sought-after addresses. An analysis by Border0 estimated Amazon controls nearly 132 million public IPv4s. Crunching some numbers, Border0 found out their eye-watering valuation – around $4.6bn based on today’s average IPv4 price tag of $35.

Of course, Amazon cannot simply cash out and offload that internet real estate. However, it can generate recurring revenue by billing active users. Border0 estimates that 30% of those IPs (79 million) are linked to income-generating AWS services. Quick calculations reveal over $1bn per year in projected revenue from this policy adjustment. Border0 concludes that Amazon could be earning between $400m to $1bn annually with these new prices. Not bad at all.

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Owning the shovels and hiring them out really is the way to get rich in the mine.
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This baby with a head camera helped teach an AI how kids learn language • MIT Technology Review

Cassandra Willyard:

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Human babies are far better at learning than even the very best large language models. To be able to write in passable English, ChatGPT had to be  trained on massive data sets that contain millions or even a trillion words. Children, on the other hand, have access to only a tiny fraction of that data, yet by age three they’re communicating in quite sophisticated ways.

A team of researchers at New York University wondered if AI could learn like a baby. What could an AI model do when given a far smaller data set—the sights and sounds experienced by a single child learning to talk?

A lot, it turns out.  The AI model managed to match words to the objects they represent.  “There’s enough data even in this blip of the child’s experience that it can do genuine word learning,” says Brenden Lake, a computational cognitive scientist at New York University and an author of the study. This work, published in Science today, not only provides insights into how babies learn but could also lead to better AI models.

Online videos are a vast and untapped source of training data—and OpenAI says it has a new way to use it.
For this experiment, the researchers relied on 61 hours of video from a helmet camera worn by a child who lives near Adelaide, Australia. That child, Sam, wore the camera off and on for one and a half years, from the time he was six months old until a little after his second birthday. The camera captured the things Sam looked at and paid attention to during about 1% of his waking hours. It recorded Sam’s two cats, his parents, his crib and toys, his house, his meals, and much more. “This data set was totally unique,” Lake says. “It’s the best window we’ve ever had into what a single child has access to.” 

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To “mouse with an ear on its back” we can now add “baby with a camera on its head for 18 months”. Though it’s only about 1% of the child’s waking hours. The rest of the article deals with how the researchers matched the video to the language, and it’s actually pretty interesting.
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The Apple Vision Pro is spectacular and sad • The Atlantic

Ian Bogost:

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Please do not get in the car, or try to operate any other heavy machinery, while wearing the Apple Vision Pro. The device will convince you that you can see areas beyond it, but it renders that space only as trompe l’œil. I had no trouble getting up from the couch to grab my laptop from the other room, but the world jittered in the display, sprouting fuzz around its edges. Objects throbbed in time with my footfalls. Every jostle or cough made reality shudder. This was a rapidly updating computer-desktop-background version of the world, rather than a view of things as they really are.

To stave off this nagging sense of unreality, one can select one of Apple’s built-in “environments”—virtual scenes with animation and sound—that blend in and out of view as you turn the knob on the visor’s top. Using my eyes as a mouse, I selected White Sands, a view of a turbulent sky over the gypsum dunes of southern New Mexico.

It was there, in that Oppenheimer desolation, that I hooked up the goggles to my laptop and cast my Mac display into my augmented reality as a virtual screen. Typing via finger pinches or dictation was a pain, so I used a wireless keyboard. Even that had problems. Touch-typing in that context wasn’t easy, and the writing felt out of phase. The letters on the screen appeared after a very slight delay, just enough to make it feel like my words were being pulled through a wormhole on their way into my document.

I reconnected with my editor, via Slack, inside my laptop, through my headset. This is how I’d thought the Apple Vision Pro might best be used—as a virtual office, a place to work that is an actual place and not just a little screen on a table or a desk. The posture benefits were immediate: I was sitting upright, my back against a cushion, my head straight, my eyes focused on the horizon (and the future?). I felt like an illustration in a workplace-ergonomics poster. I felt good.

But also disoriented.

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The hot takes are cooling down now. Give it a couple of weeks and people will have gotten over the fact that this is version 1.0, and quiet down. Then spatial video of sports will start coming out (or being shared) and it will heat up again. It’s the cycle of (tech news) life.
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Craig Wright’s claim he invented bitcoin a ‘brazen lie’, court told • The Guardian

Dan Milmo and agencies:

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An Australian computer scientist’s claim to be the author of the founding text of bitcoin is a “brazen lie”, the high court has heard.

Craig Wright’s assertion that he is the pseudonymous author Satoshi Nakamoto was at the centre of a trial that began on Monday, where the 53-year-old is being sued by a group of cryptocurrency exchanges and developers.

Jonathan Hough KC, representing the Crypto Patent Alliance [Copa], told the high court that Wright’s claim was a “brazen lie and elaborate false narrative supported by forgery on an industrial scale”. Copa, which is backed by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey, is seeking a “negative declaration” that Wright is not Nakamoto.

Elements of Wright’s conduct were reminiscent of a “farce”, said Hough, including the alleged use of ChatGPT to produce forgeries to back up his claims. Nevertheless, Hough said, Wright’s insistence that he was Nakamoto – a claim he first made in 2016 – had “deadly serious” consequences for individuals who had faced legal action based on his claims.

Hough said: “On the basis of his dishonest claim to be Satoshi, he has pursued claims he puts at hundreds of billions of dollars, including against numerous private individuals.”

In written submissions, Hough added: “Dr Wright has consistently failed to supply genuine proof of his claim to be Satoshi: instead, he has repeatedly proffered documents which bear clear signs of having been doctored.”

The court heard that experts on both sides agreed that the original white paper was written on OpenOffice software. But the version provided by Wright was created on software called LaTeX, Hough told the court.

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Certainly going to be one to watch: will Wright somehow have to prove that he is Nakamoto? Wright has certainly spent a lot of money on pricey lawyers in the past few years.
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Why some states are requiring ID to see adult content, porn online • The 19th

Jasmine Mithani:

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Age verification laws are the “latest strategy in a long battle” against pornography, said Kelsy Burke, professor of sociology at University of Nebraska at Lincoln and author of “The Pornography Wars: The Past, Present, and Future of America’s Obscene Obsession.”

“Over the past couple hundred years, conservatives have used various arguments to talk about why porn is bad for us,” Burke said. “Conservatives think they can gain some traction with broader publics by saying that kids are accessing porn, and that’s why we need to stop them.”

There is widespread consensus among politicians, parents, sex workers, the Supreme Court and the general population that minors should not be allowed to engage with explicit content. 
“One of the things that’s important to point out is that it is already illegal to distribute sexual material to minors,” Burke said. “So in some ways, these age verification laws are attempting to provide a mechanism to enforce laws that are already out there.”

There are several ways adult content is restricted on the internet, but they are imperfect. Some adult sites ask users to affirm they are over 18 via a pop-up, but the self-reported information is never confirmed. Search engines and devices have content filtering enabled for adult websites, but device-level restrictions are not enabled by default.

The current tools require parents to be involved decision makers in the kind of content their kids are able to view, said Burke.

If parents don’t do that, then the tools remain ineffective. Content filters and device settings also require a certain level of technical ability to set — and often kids can be more technologically fluent than their parents.

«

Sounds like the methods for “enforcement” are about as unsophisticated as you can imagine.
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Exploring Reddit’s third-party app environment seven months after the APIcalypse • Ars Technica

Scharon Harding:

»

After speaking with developers, a few trends stand out. There’s annoyance among app users over pricing changes, but users are still jumping from popular closed [ie shuttered] apps to apps that are still available, underscoring the enduring demand for third-party apps. Some devs are trying to mollify users by offering pricing tiers that don’t pay for themselves, hoping that things balance out through other paying users.

There is also trepidation around how long third-party Reddit apps will keep existing. While some are currently profitable, developers are aware that Reddit can change the rules again at any time. Reddit says its goal isn’t to kill third-party apps, but it’s apparent that third-party apps aren’t a business priority. Still, some developers are finding value in building apps that work on top of, instead of in lieu of, native Reddit platforms.

Meanwhile, there’s not a huge incentive for developers to make third-party Reddit apps. There haven’t been significant updates about Reddit’s developer platform, and devs I spoke to aren’t making enough money with their apps to quit their day jobs. Most are working out of personal interest in app development and making Reddit better to use. If Reddit were to make things more complicated or expensive for developers, even more could throw in the towel.

In December, The Information reported that Reddit’s ad revenue was expected to grow over 20% in 2023. However, this was still reportedly less than Reddit anticipated for the year, so you can expect the company to expand efforts that grow its ad business, especially as it strives to turn a profit and prepare for a 2024 IPO.

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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

One of the longest-running disputes in video games, over a Donkey Kong record, has finally been settled. CC-licensed photo by Microsiervos on Flickr.

A selection of 9 links for you. What about a medium score? I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Brianna Ghey’s killers and the dark net’s ‘red rooms’ • How To Survive The Internet

Jamie Bartlett:

»

the dark net is often a little misunderstood. The same privacy enhancing and censorship resistant design that protects the bad stuff also helps the good guys. The Tor browser has won a lot of awards for helping journalists stay safe and encouraging greater privacy. I use it for my work all the time. There are several whistleblower sites on the dark net, and even the BBC has a presence there, designed for people worried about government monitoring.

Finally, although the dark net generates headlines, there is just as much bad stuff on the normal internet. Drugs and stolen data are easy enough to get through Telegram and other popular messaging apps; self-harm and self-hate content circulates widely on Instagram, TikTok and Pinterest; videos of people dying can be viewed on Twitter with a simple search.  

Dark net misbehaviour is still rare – red rooms [showing live streams of torture and even murder, which Ghey’s female killer is claimed to have viewed] rarer still. If I were worried about my kids getting up to no good online, the dark net wouldn’t be my main concern. It would be algorithms pushing self hate on a friendly looking social media platform.  

Nevertheless, it’s obvious that people – including young people – will be drawn to the dark net.  Spending years there hasn’t made me want to self-harm, watch murder videos, or bully someone anonymously. But I have become accustomed and habituated to horrible and troubling things. I’ve seen how quickly and easily people can get sucked into very dark and destructive places. If I had a propensity towards any of these behaviours, perhaps it would have encouraged me. It certainly plausible that ‘Girl X’ became highly de-sensitised to murder and torture if she saw a lot of it online.

In the end, parents have a duty to understand these kinds of subcultures – both on the dark net and the normal net. If you see your kids on the dark net or using Tor, it doesn’t mean they have done anything wrong. Have an open and honest chat about it.

«

Easier said than done, to be honest, but children will at least listen if you’ve made the effort. The calls by Mrs Ghey to suppress social media for the under-16s is a cry of pain, but you can also understand why. Sadly, we’ve seen through history that some children don’t need the internet to become desensitised to the idea of killing another.
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Vision Pro launch: all the news about Apple’s pricey new headset • The Verge

Emma Roth:

»

Apple’s Vision Pro is finally here. Tim Cook arrived at Apple’s Fifth Avenue store in New York City to greet the crowd of customers at the doors who were waiting to try out the headset or buy one for themselves.

The Vision Pro is Apple’s take on a mixed-reality headset, which, according to our review, ”feels like magic when it works and frustrates you completely when it doesn’t.” There are more than 600 apps for the headset that take advantage of its key features, such as video passthrough and spatial audio.

Apple has started letting people demo the $3,499 headset at its stores on a first-come, first-served basis, but it’s also giving customers the chance to reserve time for a demo starting on Monday, February 5th. Along with the launch of the headset, we’re learning more about the apps coming to the Vision Pro — ranging from the dozens of 3D movies Disney is offering on the app to an unofficial YouTube app.

Here’s everything that went down following the launch of the Vision Pro.

«

Once you get past the ordinary stuff, you get to the people DRIVING THEIR CARS while wearing these things. Frankly, quite glad that it’s only available in the US for a while.
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The end of the social network • The Economist

»

The striking feature of the new social media is that they are no longer very social. Inspired by TikTok, apps like Facebook increasingly serve a diet of clips selected by artificial intelligence according to a user’s viewing behaviour, not their social connections. Meanwhile, people are posting less. The share of Americans who say they enjoy documenting their life online has fallen from 40% to 28% since 2020. Debate is moving to closed platforms, such as WhatsApp and Telegram.

The lights have gone out in the town square. Social media have always been opaque, since every feed is different. But TikTok, a Chinese-owned video phenomenon, is a black box to researchers. Twitter, rebranded as X, has published some of its code but tightened access to data about which tweets are seen. Private messaging groups are often fully encrypted.

Some of the consequences of this are welcome. Political campaigners say they have to tone down their messages to win over private groups. A provocative post that attracts “likes” in the X bear pit may alienate the school parents’ WhatsApp group. Posts on messaging apps are ordered chronologically, not by an engagement-maximising algorithm, reducing the incentive to sensationalise. In particular, closed groups may be better for the mental health of teenagers, who struggled when their private lives were dissected in public.

In the hyperactive half of social media, behaviour-based algorithms will bring you posts from beyond your community. Social networks can still act as “echo chambers” of self-reinforcing material. But a feed that takes content from anywhere at least has the potential to spread the best ideas farthest.

Yet this new world of social-media brings its own problems. Messaging apps are largely unmoderated. For small groups, that is good: platforms should no more police direct messages than phone companies should monitor calls. In dictatorships encrypted chats save lives. But Telegram’s groups of 200,000 are more like unregulated broadcasts than conversations. Politicians in India have used WhatsApp to spread lies that would surely have been removed from an open network like Facebook.

«

Wouldn’t be so sure about political lies being removed from Facebook in India, unless they were by the opposition.
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Sunak to drop heat pump targets in fresh retreat from Net Zero • FT

Jim Pickard:

»

Rishi Sunak is poised to drop plans to fine boiler makers who fail to meet strict production targets for heat pumps in the UK prime minister’s latest retreat from measures to tackle climate change

Industry bosses have been lobbying Whitehall to delay or scrap the policy, arguing that the quotas are unrealistic given sluggish demand for heat pumps and a shortage of installers. 

The new system set to launch in April would force big boiler companies to ensure heat pumps account for 4% of their total boiler unit sales, or be penalised £3,000 for every item by which they fall short.

Companies have claimed that the target was already forcing them to put up prices on their gas boilers by as much as £125 in anticipation of having to pay the fines. 

The government has argued that heat pumps already make up around 4% of most businesses’ production total. However, in the second year of the scheme that target would rise to 6%.

In December, Claire Coutinho, energy secretary, accused the companies of “price gouging”, arguing that it was “extremely unlikely” any of them would have to pay fines. 

However, Coutinho is now poised to decide on whether to maintain the target, according to a Sunday Times report. She is inclined to drop it in the coming weeks, although details have not yet been finalised, according to government figures.

«

Every time there’s a chance to make things worse, this government picks it. Given the possibility of ladders, they always find the snakes.
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Finance worker pays out $25m after video call with deepfake ‘chief financial officer’ • CNN

Heather Chen and Kathleen Magramo:

»

A finance worker at a multinational firm was tricked into paying out $25m to fraudsters using deepfake technology to pose as the company’s chief financial officer in a video conference call, according to Hong Kong police.

The elaborate scam saw the worker duped into attending a video call with what he thought were several other members of staff, but all of whom were in fact deepfake recreations, Hong Kong police said at a briefing on Friday.

“(In the) multi-person video conference, it turns out that everyone [he saw] was fake,” senior superintendent Baron Chan Shun-ching told the city’s public broadcaster RTHK.

Chan said the worker had grown suspicious after he received a message that was purportedly from the company’s UK-based chief financial officer. Initially, the worker suspected it was a phishing email, as it talked of the need for a secret transaction to be carried out.

However, the worker put aside his early doubts after the video call because other people in attendance had looked and sounded just like colleagues he recognized, Chan said.

Believing everyone else on the call was real, the worker agreed to remit a total of $200m Hong Kong dollars – about $25.6m, the police officer added.

The case is one of several recent episodes in which fraudsters are believed to have used deepfake technology to modify publicly available video and other footage to cheat people out of money.

At the press briefing Friday, Hong Kong police said they had made six arrests in connection with such scams.

«

Did the arrested people appear on video? Or were they shown in photographs? True Keyzer Soze stuff.
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Short on cash, El Salvador doubles down on Bitcoin dream • Reuters

Sarah Kinosian and Nelson Renteria:

»

El Salvador’s economy is mostly stagnant and posts the slowest economic growth in Central America. Extreme poverty has doubled since 2019 and almost half the population lives with food insecurity.

“It’s unusual for someone to use bitcoin,” said Kevin Valle, 24, a Salvadoran produce vendor in Berlin’s main market. “What I can say is the cost of my tomatoes and onions has doubled, and people are worried about low employment and salaries.”

In 2022 the country’s public debt hit a 30-year record at $25bn. After initial negotiations with the IMF for a billion-dollar deal fell apart earlier in his first term, [president Nayib] Bukele’s government has since gone back to the table, and even hired the IMF’s former Western Hemisphere director last April.

The IMF has recommended El Salvador remove bitcoin’s legal tender status during negotiations over financial support. The Fund did not respond to request for comment.

But the 42-year-old firebrand’s resolve has been stiffened by Bitcoin’s recent rally. The cryptocurrency’s comeback has pushed El Salvador’s alleged investments – no one really knows the size of its holdings – into the black.

‘Nayibtracker.com,’ an unofficial website tracking El Salvador’s bitcoin portfolio based on Bukele’s social media, puts it at $121.6m on an initial $119.8m investment, a 1.5% return.

After a recent announcement by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to allow U.S.-listed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that track bitcoin, Bukele’s vice president told Reuters the government will be doubling down on its crypto law in a second term.

The country’s adoption of the cryptocurrency alongside the dollar is largely not to blame for the overall state of the economy, say some economists, who point to low foreign direct investment and government overspending. But amid questions over state spending habits and a clear liquidity problem, critics note bitcoin has yet to bring significant benefit.

«

Still impossible to know whether bitcoin is just a distraction for El Salvador.
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What happens when an amateur cyclist rides the entire Tour de France route • Outside Online

Alex Hutchinson:

»

The 2000s-era reality show Pros vs. Joes was a great concept, but it didn’t give recreational endurance athletes much to fantasize about. Getting struck out by Darryl Strawberry or dunked on by Dennis Rodman is one thing, but how about trying to reel in a breakaway by Jonas Vingegaard after cycling hundreds of miles?

That’s not quite what a new paper in the Journal of Applied Physiology offers, but it’s the closest scientific equivalent. Researchers from Spain and the United States, led by David Barranco-Gil, Xabier Muriel, and Pedro Valenzuela, present a head-to-head matchup of the physiological data from two cyclists who completed last year’s Tour de France. One was a 27-year-old all-arounder who competed in the actual race for one of the World Tour teams. The other was a 58-year-old, 212-pound amateur who rode the entire Tour de France route starting a week before the race, as part of a fund-raising event for leukemia.

The results weren’t close. The pro covered 2,116 miles with 170,000 feet of elevation gain in 21 stages in a cumulative total of 87 hours; the Joe covered it in 191 hours, of which 158 were spent actually cycling. But the data is nonetheless interesting for what it tells us about the unexpectedly high limits of sustained endurance in (as the researchers put it) “mortals.” With apologies to Samuel Johnson, a 58-year-old amateur completing the Tour de France is like a dog walking on its hind legs: it’s not that it’s done well, but you’re surprised to see it done at all.

«

The 58-year-old had been preparing for 18 months ahead of time, just in case you’re wondering. But the top level professionals, in any sport, are so far beyond our “average” level that you need very careful analyses (as this, and the journal paper, offer) to even get a glimpse of them.
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Deal ends dispute over records of onetime king of Donkey Kong • The New York Times

Victor Mather:

»

People not immersed in that world [of arcade video games] first had a chance to hear about Mr. [Billy] Mitchell in the critically acclaimed 2007 documentary “The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters.” It told the story of Steve Wiebe and his quest to be recognized as the first person to reach a million points in the game, beating a record set by Mr. Mitchell years earlier.

Mr. Mitchell wore the black hat in that film, which portrayed him, The New York Times’s review said, as “a pretentious, manipulative swine.”

He successfully challenged Mr. Wiebe’s high score and set a new one himself, but that achievement remained under a cloud in the film. The tussle over records did not end there, and Mr. Mitchell eventually claimed even higher scores from 2007 to 2010. But Twin Galaxies, which tracks and records video game achievements, invalidated Mr. Mitchell’s scores in 2018 after an investigation.

Under the group’s rules, these records must be set using an original circuit board from a Donkey Kong machine. A Twin Galaxies investigation found that Mr. Mitchell had used an arcade emulator for two of his record-setting scores.

Mr. Mitchell vowed at the time that the fight was not over and filed a defamation suit. That suit was finally settled last week.

«

The records are “reinstated” but Twin Galazies say they won’t be put on the main leaderboard, because its database is a “historic artefact” preserved in the state it had in 2014.
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Remaking the app store, European style • Benedict Evans

Evans on Apple’s response to the Digital Markets Act, which applies in the EU (specifically):

»

the EU has chosen some classic Boris Johnson ‘cake-ism’ – it is trying to have its cake and eat it. Apple must open up a bunch of holes in the security model without weakening the security model. Easy! (Tech regulation is full of this right now: we must have secure encryption that the police can read!)

The problem is that Apple has taken the EU at its word. Imagine the dialogue:

• You want apps to be able to use a third party payment processor? OK – instead of paying us 30% commission, they can use a third party processor and pay us 27%
• You want us to allow third party app stores while preserving security, privacy and reliability? OK: all those apps must be reviewed according to our rules, and notarised by us. And those stores can’t be in our app store – you asked for side-loading, so the stores will have to be side-loaded
• Apps in those stores aren’t subject to our 30% commission rule? OK – they can pay us 50 euro cents [= 43pence, $0.54] per download instead
• You want us to let people leave our safe, secure ecosystem while keeping them safe and secure? OK, we’ll need some giant scare screens to warn them
• And (of course), this only applies in the EU (which Apple said this week is only 7% of its app store revenue), so you won’t have access to the global user base.

Spotify, of course, is furious at all of this, and Mark Zuckerberg said on the Meta earnings call this week that on this basis nothing would really change. On the other hand, in legal terms this is just a proposal. the EU will look at what Apple has done and decide whether it likes it (see Steven Sinofsky, formerly of Microsoft, on the time when the EU decided that Windows should not include video playback). This isn’t over: there will be argument, iteration and eye-catching fines that make no sense.

«

Wonder how long it will take to get to the eye-catching fines.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

The lyrics of explicit songs on Spotify show up uncensored even for those listening to the censored versions – such as children. CC-licensed photo by Nicolas Padovani on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

It’s Friday, so there’s another post due at the Social Warming Substack at about 0845 UK time. It’s about Congress quizzing tech chiefs.

A selection of 10 links for you. — the —. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

What should we have learned from the collapse of the New Economy (1998-2000)? • The Future Now and Then

Dave Karpf:

»

here is a striking parallel between reading WIRED during the late boom years (1998-2000) and reading tech publications during the last crypto hype cycle (2020-2022). It seems this is a pattern we are doomed to repeat, until and unless we actually learn from it.

So I think it’s worth spending some time looking back at the New Economy-tinged futurism of the late dotcom boom years. The excessive spending, overheated rhetoric, and bad financial advice of that year had consequences that still reverberate today. The people who got rich off the dotcom crash would go on to become the financial titans of Silicon Valley — a new Venture Capital elite, convinced of their own self-righteousness. We keep reliving the mistakes of the past because we keep rewarding the people who profited from them.

The dotcom boom spanned five years, beginning in 1995 with the Netscape IPO and unraveling in March 2000. (Six months after Kelly asked his readers to believe in a future of ultraprosperity.) But the late boom years had a distinct texture that separated them from the early boom years. The early boom was full of revolutionary fervor — hailing the World Wide Web as the most transformative invention since the printing press. The call-and-response of the late boom was more coarse: its adherents insisted that We Are All Going to Be Rich! Tech stocks were soaring in value, and retail investors were (supposedly) reaping the rewards. The business cycle had been vanquished. The good times would never end. It was the dawn of the “New Economy.”

This change in tone was primarily attributable to the mere passage of time. When you have been rich-on-paper for three weeks, it’s easy to believe it’ll all vanish in a heartbeat. When you have been rich-on-paper for three years, people tend to acclimate, to accept it as the new status quo and to develop elaborate explanations for why this all, in fact, makes sense.

«

There’s a certain overtone of schadenfreude in Karpf’s dissection of Wired’s early madness, but he also points out what is good and what certainly isn’t. I link to him here a lot, because his pieces always satisfy my “I wish I had written that” spot. (This isn’t a short piece; it’s a draft of a chapter for a book.)
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The rise of Techno-Authoritarianism • The Atlantic

Adrienne LaFrance:

»

To worship at the altar of mega-scale and to convince yourself that you should be the one making world-historic decisions on behalf of a global citizenry that did not elect you and may not share your values or lack thereof, you have to dispense with numerous inconveniences—humility and nuance among them. Many titans of Silicon Valley have made these trade-offs repeatedly. YouTube (owned by Google), Instagram (owned by Meta), and Twitter (which Elon Musk insists on calling X) have been as damaging to individual rights, civil society, and global democracy as Facebook was and is. Considering the way that generative AI is now being developed throughout Silicon Valley, we should brace for that damage to be multiplied many times over in the years ahead.

The behavior of these companies and the people who run them is often hypocritical, greedy, and status-obsessed. But underlying these venalities is something more dangerous, a clear and coherent ideology that is seldom called out for what it is: authoritarian technocracy. As the most powerful companies in Silicon Valley have matured, this ideology has only grown stronger, more self-righteous, more delusional, and—in the face of rising criticism—more aggrieved.

The new technocrats are ostentatious in their use of language that appeals to Enlightenment values—reason, progress, freedom—but in fact they are leading an antidemocratic, illiberal movement. Many of them profess unconditional support for free speech, but are vindictive toward those who say things that do not flatter them. They tend to hold eccentric beliefs: that technological progress of any kind is unreservedly and inherently good; that you should always build it, simply because you can; that frictionless information flow is the highest value regardless of the information’s quality; that privacy is an archaic concept; that we should welcome the day when machine intelligence surpasses our own.

And above all, that their power should be unconstrained. The systems they’ve built or are building—to rewire communications, remake human social networks, insinuate artificial intelligence into daily life, and more—impose these beliefs on the population, which is neither consulted nor, usually, meaningfully informed. All this, and they still attempt to perpetuate the absurd myth that they are the swashbuckling underdogs.

«

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Spotify’s content filter fails to block explicit lyrics in dozens of hits • BBC News

Gareth Bryer:

»

Young fans of Olivia Rodrigo, Eminem and other music stars have been shown explicit lyrics on Spotify even when users have blocked explicit content.

The streaming service often shows a song’s original lyrics, which can include racial slurs and swear words, on screen when the clean ‘radio friendly’ version is played.

The BBC found the issue occurring with dozens of big songs by artists like Dua Lipa, The Weeknd, Drake and Lil Nas X.

Spotify declined to comment. The BBC understands the company is aware of the problem and working to fix it.

Spotify introduced a system designed to deal with explicit content in 2018 after parents put pressure on the company, and explicit songs are marked with an ‘E’. Anyone who wants to avoid hearing swearing can choose to block explicit content in their settings, and clean versions will often be offered instead. However, the lyrics in Spotify’s database for many of these edited versions can be the same as the originals, meaning anyone looking at the lyrics will see the explicit words.

Currently more than a third of the songs in Spotify’s UK top 50 chart contain explicit lyrics. Of those, half show the explicit lyrics on screen when the clean edit is played. The BBC found 100 more high-profile affected tracks, including some that feature in children’s film soundtracks or on child-friendly playlists.

«

I do like how on the BBC news bulletins this was classed as “an investigation”, where it was more probably “a parent looking over their child’s shoulder and freaking out”. The creeping progress of bleeping or blanking puzzles me: I’m fairly sure the BBC used to play all the words of Jay-Z’s “99 Problems”, but a recent listening sounded more like Norman Collier.
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Mapped: the deadly geography of Mount Everest • Big Think

Frank Jacobs:

»

Zooming out from individual casualties to the overall death toll, the dead of Everest start to form a morbid geography of sorts, which does more than simply horrify. As these maps show, patterns emerge, and lessons can be learned.

The most obvious one is from the sheer number of dead: to be highly motivated is not enough. To climb Everest and make it down alive, you must also come highly trained and prepared, be of sound mind and judgment, and have an appreciable dose of good luck.

As this map shows, it’s not terrain but elevation that is the biggest killer on Everest. (Credit: pointofnoreturn.org)

This first map shows the geography of the mountain, with a flag planted for each place where one or more climbers died. This allows us to isolate pockets of danger on the various approaches of the summit:

• The flurry of red flags at the bottom marks the northern end of the Khumbu Icefall, a treacherous, unstable glacier field.
• Further up, amid another bunting of flags, is Lhotse Face, “an extremely dangerous and steep wall of ice.”
• Nearly at the summit is Hillary Step, “a nearly vertical rock face. The last real challenge before reaching the top of the peak.”

However, as the dotted line suggests, the deadliest factor on Everest is not terrain, but elevation. Everything above 8,000 m (app. 26,250 ft) counts as the “Death Zone,” where the air is too thin to sustain human life for long.

«

You might wonder why people don’t go up and bring the bodies back down. Simple answer: you’re more likely to join them by trying to do that than make a recovery.
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Panasonic is selling off its troubled VR company Shiftall • UploadVR

David Heaney:

»

Panasonic is selling off Shiftall to another Japanese company.

Panasonic first showed off an ultra-compact VR headset prototype at CES 2020, and its extremely low weight blew us away in our demo, enabled by 2560×2560 OLED microdisplays.

It was a similar pitch to what Bigscreen recently delivered on, with the exact same resolution, but made over three years before.

While Panasonic originally planned to commercialize the concept as a tethered PC VR headset through its subsidiary Shiftall by the end of 2021, this target has slipped year after year.

The product came to be called Shiftall MeganeX. It was first teased at CES 2022, and at CES 2023 the company announced it would ship that year for $1700. But while a small number of units have shipped in Japan, the headset has yet to launch in the US at all.

…The new owner of Shiftall is the Japanese firm Creek & River Co. It seems to be a very generalized company with no specific specialty.

«

I keep hearing the name of the company wrong in my head. It’s a bit like a line in Modern Family, where two gay men are talking:

No.1 : “I’m leaving early to go to a hockey game. Kings versus Blackhawks.”

No.2, astonished: “Wow. They can call a team that?”

No.1: “Black HAWKS.”
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Wind and solar capacity in south-east Asia climbs 20% in just one year, report finds • Carbon Brief

Molly Lempriere:

»

Solar and wind capacity in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region increased by 20% in 2023, bringing the total to more than 28 gigawatts (GW). 

The technologies now make up 9% of electricity generating capacity in ASEAN countries – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam – according to a new report from Global Energy Monitor (GEM).

Combined with a large base of hydropower, the growth in wind and solar takes the bloc close to its renewable energy capacity target of 35% by 2025, GEM says.

Building an additional 17GW of utility-scale solar and wind projects in the next two years – those that feed power directly into the electricity grid – would be sufficient to reach the goal, it adds.

In fact, it says the region is on track to sail past its target, nearly doubling wind and solar capacity in the next two years by adding a further 23GW of new projects

An even larger 220GW pipeline of new utility-scale wind and solar capacity has been announced, or entered pre-construction or construction stages, according to GEM’s analysis, though only 6GW of this is currently being built.

«

Further down, the article says that “Renewables already make up 32% of electricity capacity in ASEAN countries”, which is why adding just 17GW (about 6% of generating capacity) would take it past the 35% mark. Vietnam has a colossal amount of wind and solar installed. One always wonders too about microgeneration, which easily goes unrecorded, but has a material effect on demand in tropical countries.
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Fossil is quitting smartwatches • The Verge

Victoria Song:

»

The company announced on January 26 that it would leave the smartwatch business and redirect resources to its less-smart goods instead. The company has been one of the most prolific makers of Wear OS smartwatches over the years, and its absence will leave a large [depending on your definition of “large” – Overspill Ed] gap in the market.

“As the smartwatch landscape has evolved significantly over the past few years, we have made the strategic decision to exit the smartwatch business,” Jeff Boyer, Fossil executive vice President and chief operating officer, tells The Verge. “Fossil Group is redirecting resources to support our core strength and the core segments of our business that continue to provide strong growth opportunities for us: designing and distributing exciting traditional watches, jewelry, and leather goods under our own as well as licensed brand names.”

This means that the Gen 6, which first launched in 2021, will be the last Fossil smartwatch. Boyer says the company will continue to keep existing Wear OS watches updated “for the next few years.”

«

That “large” gap in detail: at Ars Technica, Ron Amadeo picked up the phone to Francisco Jeronimo of IDC, who brought the data:

»

Fossil peaked at 6.7% smartwatch market share in 2015 and only sold 19 million units, or 2.2% of the total market from 2015-2023. During that eight-year run, Jeronimo says Apple shipped 248 million watches.

«

As with smartphones, there are only two serious players in smartwatches: Apple and Samsung.
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Making a PDF that’s larger than Germany • alexwlchan

Alex Chan has seen the claim that “you can produce a PDF that when printed would be bigger than Germany”, but wanted to check it (one step short of) empirically:

»

By changing the MediaBox value, we can make the page bigger. For example, if we change the value to 600 600, Acrobat says it’s now 8.33 x 8.33 in. Nice!

We can increase it all the way to 14400 14400, the max allowed by Acrobat, and then it says the page is now 200.00 x 200.00in. (You get a warning if you try to push past that limit.)

But 200 inches is far short of 381 kilometres – and that’s because we’re using the default unit of 1/72 inch. We can increase the unit size by adding a /UserUnit value. For example, setting the value to 2 will double the page in both dimensions:

++
/Type /Page
/Parent 3 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 14400 14400]
/UserUnit 2
/Contents 1 0 R
++
And now Acrobat reports the size of the page as 400.00 x 400.00 in.

If we crank it all the way up to the maximum of UserUnit 75000, Acrobat now reports the size of our page as 15,000,000.00 x 15,000,000.00 in – 381 km along both sides, matching the original claim. If you’re curious, you can download the PDF.

If you try to create a page with a larger size, either by increasing the MediaBox or UserUnit values, Acrobat just ignores it. It keeps saying that the size of a page is 15 million inches, even if the page metadata says it’s higher. (And if you increase the UserUnit past 75000, this happens silently – there’s no warning or error to suggest the size of the page is being capped.)

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Dare you to rock up to your local printing shop with this one on a USB stick.
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Ireland rolls out deposit recycling scheme, as pressure mounts on UK to follow suit • BusinessGreen News

Michael Holder:

»

Consumers in Ireland can from today [Thursday] return their empty plastic drinks bottles and aluminium cans at vending machines across the country in exchange for money off their supermarket shop, marking a major milestone for the circular economy that will intensify pressure on the UK to follow suit.

Several years in planning, Ireland’s Deposit Return Scheme (DRS) officially launches today, with hundreds of reverse vending machines having been installed in large shops and supermarkets across the country where consumers can bring back empty drinks containers in exchange for tokens.

The move makes Ireland the 41st nation in the world to introduce a DRS for recycling drinks bottles, and the 15th country in Europe to roll out such a scheme. Evidence has shown the approach routinely leads to an increase in recycling rates.

Eligible PET plastic bottles and aluminium cans carrying the Re-Turn logo on their label are now being sold with a small additional deposit – starting at 15 cents for 150ml to 500ml containers, and rising to 25 cents for 500ml to three litre containers. The deposit is then paid back to the consumer in the form of a token when the empty drinks container is placed in dedicated reverse vending machines that are being rolled out in supermarkets across the country.

Around five million drinks are consumed in single-use containers in Ireland every day, according to the government, which said the DRS would help to significantly reduce the number of bottles and cans being littered or sent to landfill or incineration.

At the same time, it is hoped that generating a steady supply of separately-collected and therefore higher quality PET plastic and aluminium materials for recycling can provide a boost to the domestic circular economy, helping unlock investment in further dedicated recycling facilities in Ireland to process the material.

«

The tricky thing with schemes like this is always: who’s funding it? Do you raise the price of the cans and bottles, or does the government pay the supermarkets giving out the vouchers, or does the recycling company that benefits from the cans and bottles pay? A DRS collapsed (well, “is delayed” in Scotland) over similar problems.
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The Messenger shuts down—and some thoughts about why it ever happened • Talking Points Memo

Josh Marshall:

»

on every front, the business model of big sites with massive audiences publishing nothing in particular but having a lot of eyeballs is totally dead. Obviously advertising still plays a role for publications. But a publication has to have a real purchase on a particular demo to be able to sell ads with any success and they almost certainly need to be selling subscriptions too.

I have written about these trends numerous times. And you have seen these trends in the evolution of Talking Points Memo (TPM) itself. I have a bit of pride that I saw a number of these trends before others in the industry did — really the only reason TPM still exists. But by 2023 all of this was totally known, totally conventional wisdom, what everyone with even a passing grasp of the news business knew. And yet The Messenger was launched, built and run entirely on that old premise and model. It was like watching someone jump out of an airplane with no parachute totally confident they had some new angle on controlled descent no one knew about.

Clearly, Finkelstein didn’t. The site launched with $50m, hired 300 people and in less than a year it’s gone.

Everyone sympathizes with the journalists, many of whom left really good jobs to take a chance on The Messenger. They all got burned badly. They trusted Finkelstein and he abused that trust horribly. But given the sheer amount of arrogance and stupidity Finkelstein and perhaps even more his investors brought to the effort a degree of schadenfreude on the part of onlookers is perhaps inevitable. But for myself and I suspect most others in the media business it’s not really schadenfreude so much as shock and amazement and just standing back aghast that the thing ever happened.

To extend my metaphor from above, it really is like if you were on a parachute jump and some cocky idiot just jumped out of the plane with no chute saying he had it covered and, obviously, plummeted to the ground died. You wouldn’t feel schadenfreude, though obviously dying is a lot more serious than lighting $50m on fire. You’d just be slack jawed and amazed and feel sad about how needless and stupid the whole thing was.

«

From which we conclude that neither Finkelstein nor his investors knew what had happened to media in the past 5-10 years. Possibly forgivable for Finkelstein, seeking money; totally unforgivable for the investors, whether it was their own or someone else’s money they were wielding.

Still, I guess we can now update McLuhan: The Messenger is not the media.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The beaches of Anguilla make money – but .ai internet domains bring in useful cash too. CC-licensed photo by Pete Markham on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Holiday in the sun. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Zuckerberg says sorry for Meta harming kids—but rejects payments to families • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

»

During a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing weighing child safety solutions on social media, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg stopped to apologize to families of children who committed suicide or experienced mental health issues after using Facebook and Instagram.

“I’m sorry for everything you have all been through,” Zuckerberg told families. “No one should go through the things that your families have suffered, and this is why we invest so much, and we are going to continue doing industry-wide efforts to make sure no one has to go through the things your families have had to suffer.”

This was seemingly the first time that Zuckerberg had personally apologized to families. It happened after Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) asked Zuckerberg if he had ever apologized and suggested that the Meta CEO personally set up a compensation fund to help the families get counseling.

“Internally you know your product is a disaster for teenagers,” Hawley said, inciting applause from the audience.

Zuckerberg did not agree to set up any compensation fund, but he turned to address families in the crowded audience, which committee chair Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) described as the “largest” he’d ever seen at a Senate hearing. Some families in the audience held up photos of children harmed after using social media.

Meta did not immediately respond to Ars’ request to comment.

Zuckerberg was joined at the hearing by CEOs of TikTok, Snap, Discord, and X (formerly Twitter). Each was asked if they supported an array of online child-safety bills that have been introduced to combat harms after years of what senators described in the hearing as insufficient action by social media companies to effectively reduce harms.

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Exhausting: a real dialogue of the deaf, except one side is also playing to the gallery.
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The tiny Caribbean island that’s making a fortune from AI • Forbes

Barry Collins:

»

AI has made a lot of people very rich over the past couple of years, but for one small Caribbean Island it’s been transformational. So much so that Anguilla now generates around a third of its government’s revenue from AI—without writing a single line of code.

Back in the 1980s, when the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority was dishing out the geographic two-letter domains, Anguilla had the good fortune to be awarded .ai. That good fortune has turned into an actual fortune, with a huge influx in domain registrations over the past couple of years that have massively boosted the island’s economy.

The boom in .ai domain sales was triggered by the arrival of ChatGPT in November 2022. “In the five months after that, our sales went up by almost a factor of four,” Vince Cate, who manages domain registrations for the Anguillan government, told IEEE Spectrum. “Then they sort of leveled off at this new, much higher level. It’s just wild—we’re already like a third of the government’s budget.”

The island is earning around $3 million a month from .ai registrations, according to Cate, but he predicts that figure will at least double as domains come up for renewal. “We do the domains for two years, and so all of our money now is new domains,” he said.

“And if we just stay at this level of $3 million per month for new domains, when the renewals kick in a year from now, we’ll just jump to $6 million per month.”

«

Good thing, since the climate change being helped along by all those AI data centres is going to raise the sea levels, with bad effects on Anguilla.
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The creators of Twitterrific are making an app to read (almost) anything on the web • The Verge

Amrita Khalid:

»

After nearly 16 years in operation, Twitterrific was abruptly deactivated last year during Twitter’s unceremonious purging of third-party apps. Now, the app’s developer Iconfactory is raising funds on Kickstarter to create Project Tapestry, a new internet reader for the publicly accessible web. The iOS app will serve as a “universal, chronological timeline,” pulling from federated social media networks like Mastodon and Bluesky, as well as Tumblr, Micro.blog, and any RSS feed. It’ll also be able to access governmental data sources, such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite imagery and US Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake data. 

Because Tapestry (which will be the app’s official name) will let anyone create their own data source plug-in, the options are almost endless: “We started experimenting with ways to accommodate all these new sources of information and landed on API that is based on JavaScript. It can work with anything that has an IP address and data that’s accessible with HTTP,” wrote lead developer Craig Hockenberry in an email to The Verge. Project Tapestry has also created tools that let developers make their own plug-ins, and Hockenberry says the team is confident the app can work for a number of different purposes. 

It might not always look pretty, he noted. “The hard part is to put it all into a product that’s intuitive and beautiful where the plumbing isn’t a focus.”

But there is one big part of the internet that Tapestry won’t be able to access, and this is the locked-in world of centralized platforms like Meta, Instagram, X, and even Threads (which is still working on ActivityPub integration).

Moreover, the app is truly meant to be an internet reader — so while users can view posts, they won’t be able to create or reply to them.

«

Ah. The last paragraph means it’s DOA. Sure, we have apps like Apple News and so on which are just reading apps – but we accept that because we don’t expect to post. If you include sources that you expect to post to, people won’t take not being able to. Rather like Windows Phone: great in theory, not in practice.
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US government disrupts botnet People’s Republic of China used to conceal hacking of critical infrastructure • US Department of Justice

»

A December 2023 court-authorized operation has disrupted a botnet of hundreds of US-based small office/home office (SOHO) routers hijacked by People’s Republic of China (PRC) state-sponsored hackers.

The hackers, known to the private sector as “Volt Typhoon,” used privately-owned SOHO routers infected with the “KV Botnet” malware to conceal the PRC origin of further hacking activities directed against U.S. and other foreign victims. These further hacking activities included a campaign targeting critical infrastructure organizations in the United States and elsewhere that was the subject of a May 2023 FBI, National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and foreign partner advisory. The same activity has been the subject of private sector partner advisories in May and December 2023, as well as an additional secure by design alert released today by CISA.

The vast majority of routers that comprised the KV Botnet were Cisco and NetGear routers that were vulnerable because they had reached “end of life” status; that is, they were no longer supported through their manufacturer’s security patches or other software updates. The court-authorized operation deleted the KV Botnet malware from the routers and took additional steps to sever their connection to the botnet, such as blocking communications with other devices used to control the botnet.

“The Justice Department has disrupted a PRC-backed hacking group that attempted to target America’s critical infrastructure utilizing a botnet,” said Attorney General Merrick B. Garland. “The United States will continue to dismantle malicious cyber operations – including those sponsored by foreign governments – that undermine the security of the American people.”

“In wiping out the KV Botnet from hundreds of routers nationwide, the Department of Justice is using all its tools to disrupt national security threats – in real time,” said Deputy Attorney General Lisa O. Monaco.  “Today’s announcement also highlights our critical partnership with the private sector – victim reporting is key to fighting cybercrime, from home offices to our most critical infrastructure.”

«

All fun and games until your water filtration plant gets hacked. Will the DOJ get the routers replaced too? Would be interesting if they just fried them, so people had to replace them anyway.
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The Vision Pro • Daring Fireball

John Gruber:

»

This brings me back to the hardware of Vision Pro. The displays are excellent, but I’m already starting to see how they aren’t good enough. The eye tracking is very good, but it’s not as precise as I’d like it to be. The cameras are good, but they don’t approach the dynamic range of your actual eyesight. There sometimes is color fringing at the periphery of your vision, depending on the lighting. A light source to your side, like a window in daytime, will show the fringing. When you move your head, the illusion of true pass-through is broken — you can tell that you’re looking at displays showing the world via footage from cameras.

Just walking around is enough motion to break the illusion of natural pass-through of the real world. In fact, in some ways, the immersive 3D environments — mountaintops, lakesides, the surface of the moon (!) — are more visually realistic than the actual real world, because there’s less latency and shearing as you pan your gaze.

…I’ve saved the best for last. Vision Pro is simply a phenomenal way to watch movies, and 3D immersive experiences are astonishing. There are 3D immersive experiences in Vision Pro that are more compelling than Disney World attractions that people wait in line for hours to see.

First up are movies using apps that haven’t been updated for Vision Pro natively. I’ve used the iPad apps for services like Paramount+ and Peacock. Watching video in apps like these is a great experience, but not jaw-dropping. You just get a window with the video content that you can make as big as you want, but “big”, for these merely “compatible” apps, is about the size of the biggest wall in your room. This is true too for video in Safari when you go “full screen”. It breaks out of the browser window into a standalone video window. (Netflix.com is OK in VisionOS Safari, but YouTube.com stinks — it’s a minefield of UI targets that are too small for eye-tracking’s precision.)

Where things go to the next level are the Disney+ and Apple TV apps, which have been designed specifically for Vision Pro. Both apps offer immersive 360° viewing environments. Disney+ has four: “the Disney+ Theater, inspired by the historic El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood; the Scare Floor from Pixar’s Monsters Inc.; Marvel’s Avengers Tower overlooking downtown Manhattan; and the cockpit of Luke Skywalker’s landspeeder, facing a binary sunset on the planet Tatooine from the Star Wars galaxy.” With the TV app, Apple offers a distraction-free virtual theater.

«

Absorbing reading – one of Gruber’s longest ever, I think – which makes me think this is going, like the iPad, to become an “entertainment” product. And none the worse for that.
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The Messenger closes down after blowing millions on ill-fated news site • The Washington Post

Will Sommer and Laura Wagner:

»

The Messenger is shutting down immediately, the news site’s founder told employees in an email Wednesday, marking the abrupt demise of one of the stranger and more expensive recent experiments in digital media.

In his email, Jimmy Finkelstein said he was “personally devastated” to announce that he had failed in a last-ditch effort to raise more money for the site, saying he had been fundraising as recently as last night. Finkelstein said the site, which launched last year with outsize ambitions and a mammoth $50m budget, would close “effective immediately.”

The New York Times first reported the site’s closure late Wednesday afternoon, appearing to catch many staffers off-guard, including editor in chief Dan Wakeford.

As employees read the news story, the internal work chat service Slack erupted in what one employee called “pandemonium.” Wakeford posted to Slack that he was “not in the loop,” adding that he was trying to find out more information.

Minutes later, as staffers read Finkelstein’s email, its message was underscored as they were forcibly logged out of their Slack accounts. Former Messenger reporter Jim LaPorta posted on social media that employees would not receive health care or severance.

The Messenger didn’t respond to a request for comment.

«

You would have to be certifiably insane to give Finkelstein (not you, S) more money for that absurd project. It was the Quibi of news: unwanted, unnoticed, absurdly overfunded and run by people whose heads are in the media mindseet from decades ago.
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I thought most of us were going to die from the climate crisis. I was wrong • The Guardian

Hannah Ritchie, who has a new book out (Not the End of the World):

»

Without a major, unexpected technological breakthrough, we will go past this [1.5ºC] target. Nearly all the climate scientists I know agree: they obviously want to cap warming at 1.5ºC, but very few think it will happen. This doesn’t stop them fighting for it, though; they know that every 0.1ºC matters, and is worth working for. But my perspective on 2ºC has changed. I’m now cautiously optimistic that we can get close to it. It’s more likely than not that we will pass 2ºC, but perhaps not by much. And there is still a reasonable chance – if we really step up to the challenge – that we can stay below it.

My perspective flipped quickly after studying the data, not newspaper headlines. I didn’t focus on where we are today, but on the pace that things have moved at in the past few years, and what this means for the future. One organisation – the Climate Action Tracker – follows every country’s climate policies, and its pledges and targets. It combines them all to map out what will happen to the global climate. At Our World in Data, I sketch out these future climate trajectories and update them every year. Every time, they get closer and closer to the pathways we would need to follow to stay below 2ºC.

If we stick with the climate policies that countries currently have in place, we’re heading towards a world of 2.5ºC to 2.9ºC warming. Let me be clear: this is terrible and we have to avoid it. But countries have pledged to go much further. They’ve committed to making their policies much more ambitious. If each country was to follow through on their climate pledges, we’d come out at 2.1ºC by 2100.

What’s most promising is how these pathways have shifted over time. In a world without climate policies, we’d be heading towards 4ºC or 5ºC, at least. This is the path that most people still think we’re on. That would be a scary world indeed. Thankfully, over time, countries have stepped up their commitments. As we saw with the example of the ozone layer, incremental increases in ambition can make a huge difference.

«

The difference about the ozone layer is that there were only a few manufacturers of the ozone-destroying products, and it was comparatively easy to corral them into changing. With climate change, you’re literally up against every single thing people do every day – cars, plastics, energy for their house, anything.
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Universal Music to pull songs from TikTok • BBC News

Peter Hoskins:

»

Universal Music is set to pull its millions of songs from TikTok after a breakdown in talks over payments.

The move would mean the social media platform would no longer have access to songs by artists including Taylor Swift, The Weeknd and Drake.

Universal accused TikTok of “bullying” and said it wanted to pay a “fraction” of the rate other social media sites do for access to its vast catalogue. TikTok said Universal was presenting a “false narrative and rhetoric”.

Music companies earn royalty payments when their songs are played on streaming and social media platforms. Although TikTok – which is owned by Chinese company ByteDance – has more than one billion users, it accounts for just 1% of Universal’s total revenue, the label said.

In an “open letter to the artist and songwriter community” Universal – which controls about a third of the world’s music – claimed that “ultimately TikTok is trying to build a music-based business, without paying fair value for the music”.

Universal also said that along with pushing for “appropriate compensation for our artists and songwriters”, it was also concerned about “protecting human artists from the harmful effects of AI, and online safety for TikTok’s users”.

The company said it would stop licensing its content to TikTok when its contract expires on 31 January.

«

The question is whether other music labels will follow suit. If a couple of them do, then TikTok starts to have problems.If it’s only Universal, then it’s Universal that has a problem.
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My McLuhan lecture on enshittification (30 Jan 2024) • Pluralistic

Cory Doctorow gave the annual Marshall McLuhan lecture at the Transmediale festival in Berlin, which happily has a transcript too:

»

The equilibrium in which companies produce things we like in honourable ways at a fair price is one in which charging more, worsening quality, and harming workers costs more than the company would make by playing dirty.

There are four forces that discipline companies, serving as constraints on their enshittificatory impulses.

First: competition. Companies that fear you will take your business elsewhere are cautious about worsening quality or raising prices.

Second: regulation. Companies that fear a regulator will fine them more than they expect to make from cheating, will cheat less.

These two forces affect all industries, but the next two are far more tech-specific.

Third: self-help. Computers are extremely flexible, and so are the digital products and services we make from them. The only computer we know how to make is the Turing-complete Von Neumann machine, a computer that can run every valid program.

That means that users can always avail themselves of programs that undo the anti-features that shift value from them to a company’s shareholders. Think of a boardroom table where someone says, ‘I’ve calculated that making our ads 20% more invasive will net us 2% more revenue per user.’

In a digital world, someone else might well say ‘Yes, but if we do that, 20% of our users will install ad-blockers, and our revenue from those users will drop to zero, forever.’

This means that digital companies are constrained by the fear that some enshittificatory maneuver will prompt their users to google, ‘How do I disenshittify this?’

Fourth and finally: workers. Tech workers have very low union density, but that doesn’t mean that tech workers don’t have labour power. The historical “talent shortage” of the tech sector meant that workers enjoyed a lot of leverage over their bosses. Workers who disagreed with their bosses could quit and walk across the street and get another job – a better job.

«

I’ve heard Doctorow speak, and he’s incredibly persuasive: he has that rare talent of making everything he says sound like it’s completely obvious, and each successive piece of logic as inexorable as Lego pieces joining. Also: I’ve no idea how he produces so much, day after day, and finds time to sleep and eat. (Via John Naughton.)
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Potholes are a growing problem in the US and UK, worsened by climate change exacerbating freeze/thaw. How should we fix them? CC-licensed photo by Alan Stanton on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Take it slowly. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Apple warns proposed UK law will affect software updates around the world • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

»

Apple is “deeply concerned” that proposed changes to a United Kingdom law could give the UK government unprecedented power to “secretly veto” privacy and security updates to its products and services, the tech giant said in a statement provided to Ars.

If passed, potentially this spring, the amendments to the UK’s Investigatory Powers Act (IPA) could deprive not just UK users, but all users globally of important new privacy and security features, Apple warned.

“Protecting our users’ privacy and the security of their data is at the very heart of everything we do at Apple,” Apple said. “We’re deeply concerned the proposed amendments” to the IPA “now before Parliament place users’ privacy and security at risk.”

The IPA was initially passed in 2016 to ensure that UK officials had lawful access to user data to investigate crimes like child sexual exploitation or terrorism. Proposed amendments were announced last November, after a review showed that the “Act has not been immune to changes in technology over the last six years” and “there is a risk that some of these technological changes have had a negative effect on law enforcement and intelligence services’ capabilities.”

The proposed amendments require that any company that fields government data requests must notify UK officials of any updates they planned to make that could restrict the UK government’s access to this data, including any updates impacting users outside the UK.

UK officials said that this would “help the UK anticipate the risk to public safety posed by the rolling out of technology by multinational companies that precludes lawful access to data. This will reduce the risk of the most serious offenses such as child sexual exploitation and abuse or terrorism going undetected.”

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The amendment is presently chugging through the Lords. Let’s hope it just runs out of Parliamentary time like all the other poorly thought-through ideas of this government.
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Climate change is causing a pothole plague. Are robots and self-healing pavement the solution? • BBC Future

Mia Taylor:

»

In 2023, there were nearly 630,000 reports of potholes in the UK, which marked a five-year high, according to data compiled by campaign group Round Our Way. In the United States, meanwhile, about 44 million drivers reported damage to their vehicles from potholes in 2022, which was a massive 57% increase over 2021, according to AAA.

While ageing infrastructure and limited road maintenance budgets play a significant role in the problem, another culprit behind the marked proliferation of potholes is severe weather brought about by climate change, which is weakening roads.

“There are a number of issues caused by climate change that are impacting roads,” says Hassan Davani, an associate professor in San Diego State University’s department of civil, construction, and environmental engineering. “Excessive heat can ultimately cause buckling of the roads, where additional thermal stress to the pavement materials can lead to cracks and potholes. We’re also experiencing more extreme flooding events, which causes a higher velocity of stream flow over the roads, resulting in more severe erosion of the pavement.”

Another contributing factor is the increased number of freeze and thaw cycles taking place each year as climate change worsens, which is also undermining road conditions.

With more freezing and thawing comes more frost heaves impacting roads. “Frost heaves are ice lenses that form in underlying layers of the road. When they melt during the spring thaw, the moisture is trapped and that’s a big part of the issue causing the formation of potholes,” adds Jo Sias, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of New Hampshire.

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The solutions, in the story, are fascinating – though who knew about “ice lenses” before this? Not me, for sure.
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New ransomware reporting requirements kick in as victims increasingly avoid paying • Coveware

»

In Q4 2023, the average ransom payment decreased to $568,705 (-33% from Q3 2023), whereas the median ransom payment stabilized and remained at $200,000 (no change from Q3 2023). The trend aligned with a relative decline in the size of victims impacted (discussed further in this report), and a reappearance of small game actors groups who reclaimed some market share after previously dropping in frequency during Q3. 

The proportion of ransomware victims that opted to pay ransoms in Q4 2023 dropped to a record low margin of 29%. This data point is driven by several variables: (1) Continued resiliency growth in enterprise environments; companies impacted by ransomware are increasingly able to recover from incidents partially or fully without the use of a decryption tool. (2) Data driven reluctance to pay for intangible promises from cybercriminals, such as the promise not to publish/misuse stolen data and the promise to exempt the company from future attacks or harassment; the industry continues to get smarter on what can and cannot be reasonably obtained with a ransom payment. This has led to better guidance to victims and fewer payments for intangible assurances.  

Echoing the sentiment above, we observed a decrease in the volume of data-exfiltration-only payments. Q4 was rife with examples of how data assurances can fail, even when interacting with well-known “brand established” ransomware groups. These cautionary tales have allowed us to offer timely and detailed examples to other companies of why threat actors cannot be trusted to prevent ongoing misuse/publication of stolen data, and why payments to them for these imaginary assurances have zero if not sub-zero value.

«

So organisations are getting better at having backups so ransomware doesn’t affect them as badly, and discount claims by hackers about publishing sensitive data; as a result ransomware payout numbers as a proportion are falling fast. But as a total number? Not clear, though the suspicion has to be that it’s still growing. Plenty of fish in the sea.
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New lithium discoveries can secure America’s clean energy future • The National Interest

Joseph Bouchard:

»

On November 28, 2023, the US Department of Energy confirmed its discovery of a 3,400-kiloton reserve of lithium in California’s Salton Sea, making it one of the largest exploitable lithium deposits in the world. 

In August, American volcanologists and geologists found a large lithium deposit in Nevada’s ancient McDermitt Caldera volcano, which could produce between 20,000 and 40,000 kilotons. If fully exploited, both deposits would be sufficient to fulfill the world’s lithium needs many times over. 

Besides minor grants provided to the researchers and companies who discovered these two immense lithium deposits, no efforts have been made to develop the technology, capacity, and infrastructure necessary to exploit these two deposits. These incredible discoveries should be a wake-up call for American investors and lawmakers to stop investing in foreign, unreliable partners and begin an ambitious project to exploit the lithium reserves here at home. 

Currently, the US is almost entirely dependent on foreign countries for all lithium extraction, manufacturing, and production. The largest exploitable lithium reserves are in South America’s Lithium Triangle, which comprises Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. While Chile has been a productive ally of the US, Bolivia and Argentina have faced enormous economic, political, and geopolitical barriers to production. 

…After extraction, most of the world’s raw lithium is then transported to China, which has over half of the world’s lithium refining capacity. While the US has talked a big game about boosting domestic critical mineral production, it has increased its imports of lithium products from China, including lithium batteries used in electric vehicles and specialized electronics.

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So the US needs to get mining, and it needs to get refining. Seems straightforward enough.
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Texas just broke a record for how much power it got from the sun • KUT Radio, Austin

Mose Buchele:

»

Solar energy provided more power to Texas than ever before on Sunday morning, generating more than one third of the electricity on the state’s grid. Experts say it’s a Texas record that’s not expected to last very long – because it will soon be broken again.

Weather conditions were ideal for solar, with clear skies across most of the state, when the Electric Reliability Council of Texas recorded the record at 10:09 a.m. Sunday.

At that time, about 15,222 megawatts of solar ran over Texas transmission lines to homes and businesses. According to ERCOT, one megawatt can power 200 homes in times of peak energy use.

Later that day, Texas broke a record for the share of electricity on the grid that comes from the sun: 36.11%.

Joshua Rhodes, an energy researcher at UT Austin, said he thinks the state will be breaking more records in the near future “as we install more [solar facilities] and the sun’s higher in the sky during the summer.”

Rhodes said the new record is the result of recent years of meteoric growth in solar installations in Texas, which recently surpassed California as the state that produces the most energy from solar power.

«

Of course Texas’s administrators hate renewables, and think oil is the most splendiferous, because oil has concentrated ownership which means personal lobbying and political donations. Solar is smaller and decentralised; and the figure above doesn’t even include microgeneration from rooftop solar.
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Signs of ‘transmissible’ Alzheimer’s seen in people who received growth hormone • Nature

»

Researchers say they have uncovered more evidence to support a controversial hypothesis that sticky proteins that are a signature of Alzheimer’s disease can be ‘transmitted’ from person to person through certain surgical procedures.

The authors and other scientists stress that the research is based on a small number of people and is related to medical practices that are no longer used. The study does not suggest that forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease can be contagious.

Still, “we’d like to take precautions going forward to reduce even those rare cases occurring”, says neurologist John Collinge at University College London who led the research, which was published1 in Nature Medicine on 29 January.

For the past decade, Collinge and his team have studied people in the United Kingdom who in childhood received growth hormone derived from the pituitary glands of cadavers to treat medical conditions including short stature. The latest study finds that, decades later, some of these people developed signs of early-onset dementia. The dementia symptoms, such as memory and language problems, were diagnosed clinically and in some patients appeared alongside plaques of the sticky protein amyloid-beta in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. The authors suggest that this amyloid protein, which was present in the hormone preparations, was ‘seeded’ in the brains and caused the damage.

«

I first came across Collinge back in 1996, when I started covering the crossover of BSE in cows to variant CJD in humans. He had already been working for years on what came to be recognised (as BSE and vCJD are) as prion disease, where a common protein which can take two different shapes (one good, one bad) switches to the “bad” one and triggers a cascade in the brain. And now he’s finding the same effect around Alzheimers.
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Apple Vision Pro review: magic, until it’s not • The Verge

Nilay Patel:

»

the Vision Pro also represents a series of really big tradeoffs — tradeoffs that are impossible to ignore. Some of those tradeoffs are very tangible: getting all this tech in a headset means there’s a lot of weight on your face, so Apple chose to use an external battery pack connected by a cable. But there are other, more philosophical tradeoffs as well. 

As I’ve been using it for the past few days, I kept coming up with a series of questions — questions about whether the tradeoffs were worth it.

• Is using the Vision Pro so good that I’m willing to mess up my hair every time I put it on?
• Is it so good that I want to lug it around in its giant carrying case instead of my laptop bag?
• Is it so good that I want to look at the world around me through screens instead of with my own eyes?

Basically, I keep asking if I prefer using a computer in there rather than out here. And as interesting as the Vision Pro is, there’s a long way to go before it can beat out here.

…Watching movies on the Vision Pro is a ton of fun, especially in the Apple TV app’s immersive movie theater that lets you pick where you want to sit. It’s also very cool to watch a movie in one of Apple’s virtual environments like Mount Hood and see the colors from the screen reflect onto the landscape or look around one of the Disney Plus environments like Avengers Tower. And movies themselves look great — the incredible quality of the Vision Pro’s displays is really obvious when you’re watching something. I watched far more of Top Gun: Maverick than I intended to just because it looked so good blown up to drive-in movie size, floating over a mountain.

Since the Vision Pro sends separate images to each eye, it can do true 3D movies — and Apple and its partners like Disney have already released quite a few. If you have a large Apple movie library, you get the 3D versions for free — you just choose 2D or 3D playback when you hit play. Apple is also making immersive versions of some of its Apple TV Plus shows, which basically means a 180ish-degree 3D video that feels like the best Google Cardboard demo of all time. I watched someone walk a tightrope in Adventure, and it was very convincing — but if you’ve never tried this before, I’d be careful that you get used to VR motion before diving into 3D videos. Apple has also promised immersive sports content, but sadly, I wasn’t able to try any of that yet.

«

This is very long, but I feel like these elements form the nut of it.
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Apple has sold approximately 200,000 Vision Pro headsets • MacRumors

Juli Clover:

»

Apple has sold upwards of 200,000 Vision Pro headsets, MacRumors has learned from a source with knowledge of Apple’s sales numbers. Apple began accepting pre-orders for the Vision Pro on January 19, so the headset has been available for purchase in the U.S. for 10 days.

Last Monday, Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo claimed that Apple had sold an estimated 160,000 to 180,000 Vision Pro units during the pre-order weekend for the device, so sales may have slowed somewhat since then.

Vision Pro headsets for launch day home delivery sold out within hours of pre-orders launching, and in-store pickup options followed shortly after, so it is no surprise that interest in the headset has started to wane somewhat after the initial rush of orders.

Media reviews for the Vision Pro are set to go live on Tuesday, and that could push more sales, plus there will likely be an uptick in purchases after actual consumers begin sharing hands-on experiences.

«

Interesting if Apple, which seems the likely “source”, is pushing out numbers like this. But not to Bloomberg or a big media site; it’s letting it permeate up through the system.
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ChatGPT is leaking passwords from private conversations of its users, reader says • Ars Technica

Dan Goodin:

»

ChatGPT is leaking private conversations that include login credentials and other personal details of unrelated users, screenshots submitted by an Ars reader on Monday indicated.

Two of the seven screenshots the reader submitted stood out in particular. Both contained multiple pairs of usernames and passwords that appeared to be connected to a support system used by employees of a pharmacy prescription drug portal. An employee using the AI chatbot seemed to be troubleshooting problems they encountered while using the portal.

“THIS is so f-ing insane, horrible, horrible, horrible, i cannot believe how poorly this was built in the first place, and the obstruction that is being put in front of me that prevents it from getting better,” the user wrote. “I would fire [redacted name of software] just for this absurdity if it was my choice. This is wrong.”

Besides the candid language and the credentials, the leaked conversation includes the name of the app the employee is troubleshooting and the store number where the problem occurred.

The entire conversation goes well beyond what’s shown in the redacted screenshot [in the story]. A link Ars reader Chase Whiteside included showed the chat conversation in its entirety. The URL disclosed additional credential pairs.

The results appeared Monday morning shortly after Whiteside had used ChatGPT for an unrelated query.

“I went to make a query (in this case, help coming up with clever names for colors in a palette) and when I returned to access moments later, I noticed the additional conversations,” Whiteside wrote in an email. “They weren’t there when I used ChatGPT just last night (I’m a pretty heavy user). No queries were made—they just appeared in my history, and most certainly aren’t from me (and I don’t think they’re from the same user either).”

Other conversations leaked to Whiteside include the name of a presentation someone was working on, details of an unpublished research proposal, and a script using the PHP programming language. The users for each leaked conversation appeared to be different and unrelated to each other. The conversation involving the prescription portal included the year 2020. Dates didn’t appear in the other conversations.

«

No, I’m sure this is all perfectly fine. Nothing to see.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

To preserve your privacy, lie about your birthday online. Almost always. CC-licensed photo by Daniel M. Hendricks on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Younger every day. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Website that posted deepfake AI porn of Taylor Swift has been sharing explicit images of celebrities for YEARS • Daily Mail Online

Lewis Pennock:

»

The website which shared explicit AI-generated images of Taylor Swift has been posting faked pornographic photos of the singer and other celebrities for years, seemingly with impunity.

Celeb Jihad is believed to be the origin of recent graphic images which depict Swift at a Kansas City Chiefs game. The images, which were created using AI software, were shared by the website on January 15 under a headline titled: ‘Taylor Swift Chiefs Sex Scandal Caught On Camera’.

The images were later posted on X with Celeb Jihad’s watermark, triggering a massive backlash from Swift’s fans and others who likened the pictures to a form of sexual assault.

The scandal is the latest of many involving Celeb Jihad, which was created by its anonymous founder in 2008. Along with deepfakes – the name given to hyper-realistic fake content – of Swift and other stars, the website has also published droves of leaked explicit photos of other celebrities, including images that were hacked from their cellphones. Astonishingly, the site claims its content is ‘satire’ and states it is ‘not a pornographic website’.

Swift’s legal team previously issued a warning to Celeb Jihad in 2011 after it published a faked photo which depicted the singer topless. The picture appeared with the caption ‘Taylor Swift Topless Private Pic Leaked?’

At the time, her lawyers threatened to file a trademark-infringement suit and accused it of spreading ‘false pornographic images’ and ‘false news’. The website appears to have published hundreds, and potentially thousands, more faked images of Swift since it was started.

Celeb Jihad was also involved in several massive leaks of private photos hacked from celebrities’ cellphones, including iCloud accounts, in 2017. The website was one of several which published illicitly-obtained photos of celebrities including Miley Cyrus and Tiger Woods and his former girlfriend Lindsey Vonn. Vonn said the leak was an ‘outrageous and despicable invasion of privacy’.

Several of the celebrities threatened legal action against Celeb Jihad, which removed pictures of some of the stars including Vonn and Woods.

«

Swift’s legal team surely has the resources to sue this site utterly into the ground, though that surely won’t stop the production of images. But now it’s come to wider notice, it’s going to be hard to stop a bandwagon looking for regulation. Non-consensual nudity is, as Ex-Twitter said, already illegal to post in many countries. The problem is the platforms. Ex-T blocked searches for Taylor Swift, which is a terrible sticking plaster on a gaping wound.
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Lie about your birthday 🎂 • The Markup

Sisi Wei:

»

Getting presents on your birthday can be really fun.

So I can understand if, when companies have asked you for your date of birth (so they can send you something special on your special day!), you shrugged and thought, “eh, what’s the harm,” and handed your data over.

But your birth date, like your phone number (get a burner number), is personal information that scammers can use to steal your identity or target you for fraud. Think back: How many times have you been asked to verify your date of birth in serious situations, like when recovering your login from your bank, or getting your medical information from your doctor office? 

Is getting free stuff on your birthday worth taking that risk? For me, the answer is no. 

That’s why I lie about my birthday on the Internet.

Now, there’s an art to this, so here are some general rules and tips.

• I only lie about my birthday when it’s a company trying to use that data to get me to buy more stuff from them. Do not lie about your birthday to your doctor. Or your bank. Or when you’re trying to get your driver’s license. You get my point.
• If you want to receive these promotions at the same time as your birthday, pick a fake birthday close to your real one. For example, if my birthday was December 13, 1989, like Taylor Swift, I could pick the first of the month, December 1, 1989, as my fake birthday. Or December 25, if I wanted everything to come around Christmas. Most companies run their birthday promotions for the entire birthday month, so you can still decide to use their promos on your actual birthday.
• Go back into your existing retail accounts, remove your real birthday and submit a fake one.
• But don’t be a jerk about it. Companies are on the lookout for people who try to change their birthday multiple times per year and double or triple dip. Pick a fake birthday and don’t change it again.
• When you’re creating new retail accounts in the future, remember to use your fake birthday the first time around.
• Finally, when I’m at a restaurant that gives birthday discounts and the only person who sees my birthday is the staff member glancing at my ID, I don’t worry about it.

«

Personally I share a birthday with Unix – 1 January 1970 – for the purposes of the internet.
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What’s behind the tech industry’s mass layoffs in 2024? • NPR

Bobbly Allyn:

»

All of the major tech companies conducting another wave of layoffs this year are sitting atop mountains of cash and are wildly profitable, so the job-shedding is far from a matter of necessity or survival.

Then what is driving it?

“There is a herding effect in tech,” said Jeff Shulman, a professor at the University of Washington’s Foster School of Business, who follows the tech industry. “The layoffs seem to be helping their stock prices, so these companies see no reason to stop.”

Some smaller tech startups are running out of cash and facing fundraising struggles with the era of easy money now over, which has prompted workforce reductions. But experts say for most large and publicly-traded tech firms, the layoff trend this month is aimed at satisfying investors.

Shulman adds: “They’re getting away with it because everybody is doing it. And they’re getting away with it because now it’s the new normal,” he said. “Workers are more comfortable with it, stock investors are appreciating it, and so I think we’ll see it continue for some time.”

Interest rates, sitting around 5.5%, have risen substantially from the near-zero rates of the pandemic. And some tech companies are reshuffling staff to prioritize new investments in generative AI. But experts say those factors do not sufficiently explain this month’s layoff frenzy.

Whatever is fueling the workforce downsizing in tech, Wall Street has taken notice. The S&P 500 has notched multiple all-time highs this month, led by the so-called Magnificent Seven technology stocks. Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft all set new records, with Microsoft’s worth now exceeding $3 trillion.

And as Wall Street rallies on news of laid-off tech employees, more and more tech companies axe workers.

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I get the impression that Shulman is actually saying “search me, makes no sense at all.”
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Amazon drops $1.4bn deal to buy iRobot after EU veto reports • The Guardian

Dan Milmo:

»

Amazon has abandoned its planned $1.4bn (£1.1bn) acquisition of the robot vacuum cleaner company iRobot, amid EU opposition to the deal.

The e-commerce company will pay a $94m break fee to iRobot, which immediately announced plans to axe 31% of its workforce – or 350 employees – and the departure of its chief executive.

The Wall Street Journal reported on 18 January that the EU’s executive arm was preparing to block the acquisition of the Roomba maker and had informed Amazon of its proposed view.

Amazon and iRobot said in a joint statement the takeover had “no path to regulatory approval in the European Union, preventing Amazon and iRobot from moving forward together”.

David Zapolsky, the Amazon general counsel, said: “Undue and disproportionate regulatory hurdles discourage entrepreneurs, who should be able to see acquisition as one path to success, and that hurts both consumers and competition – the very things that regulators say they’re trying to protect.”

The European Commission formally raised concerns about the deal in November, saying it could restrict competition in the robot vacuum cleaner market. The commission’s concerns included Amazon reducing the visibility of rival vacuum cleaners on its retail platform.

Amazon announced the deal in August 2022. The online retailer, which already owns the Alexa smart speaker and Ring doorbell, was pushing to expand its stable of smart home devices.

«

I think it’s difficult to perceive the robot vacuum cleaner market. There’s iRobot, and Dyson (very slightly at the top end). I don’t know of any others. Re mergers: Amazon/iRobot don’t merge: job cuts. Microsoft/Activision do merge: job cuts. Not sure what the message is here.
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Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain • ScienceDirect

Sara Jackson et al:

»

The UK Government is consulting on banning disposable vapes. This appears to have widespread support from practitioners, politicians, and the general public. Alongside concerns about disposables’ negative environmental impact, a key concern motivating calls for a ban is the rapid rise in vaping among young people-particularly young “never smokers”–that has been driven by these products.

Our data show that adults under the age of 25 and those who have never regularly smoked are more likely to use disposable e-cigarettes than refillable or pod devices, suggesting banning disposables would particularly impact these target groups. We estimate that there are approximately 316,000 people in Great Britain aged between 18 and 24 who have never regularly smoked and are currently using disposable e-cigarettes. This number likely reflects some people who were diverted from using other nicotine products (e.g. rechargeable e-cigarettes or cigarettes), as well as others who would not have otherwise vaped or smoked.

However, our data also show that a ban would disproportionately affect the ∼1.2 million current smokers who make up around half of the population of disposable users. This is a group that would benefit from harm reduction if they switched completely to e-cigarettes.

It would also affect ∼242,000 people who have recently switched completely from smoking to vaping and ∼502,000 people who quit smoking more than a year ago. In the event of a ban, it would be important to encourage current and ex-smokers who use disposables to switch to other (rechargeable) types of e-cigarettes rather than going back to just smoking tobacco. In particular, it may be recent ex-smokers who are most likely to relapse: if they chose disposables as a preferable quitting method over other types of e-cigarettes, they may be more vulnerable to relapse even if offered other e-cigarette devices.

«

The research was sponsored by Cancer Research UK, and carried out by a team from UCL, SPECTRUM (not the Captain Scarlet one, I guess?) and KCL. Rishi Sunak is proposing to ban disposables, which would have big environmental benefits (the lithium in each is essentially lost and screws up landfill), but this shows that there would have to be other handholding too for ex-smokers. Though I can’t understand why they wouldn’t go for the product that’s cheaper over the long term – a rechargeable vape.
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Automating creativity • One Useful Thing

Ethan Mollick:

»

Each of the three papers [links in original article – Overspill Ed] directly compares AI-powered creativity and human creative effort in controlled experiments. The first major paper is from my colleagues at Wharton. They staged an idea generation contest: pitting ChatGPT-4 against the students in a popular innovation class that has historically led to many startups. The researchers — Karan Girotra, Lennart Meincke, Christian Terwiesch, and Karl Ulrich — used human judges to assess idea quality, and found that ChatGPT-4 generated more, cheaper and better ideas than the students. Even more impressive, from a business perspective, was that the purchase intent from outside judges was higher for the AI-generated ideas as well! Of the 40 best ideas rated by the judges, 35 came from ChatGPT.

A second paper conducted a wide-ranging crowdsourcing contest, asking people to come up with business ideas based on reusing, recycling, or sharing products as part of the circular economy. The researchers (Léonard Boussioux, Jacqueline N. Lane, Miaomiao Zhang, Vladimir Jacimovic, and Karim R. Lakhani) then had judges rate those ideas, and compared them to the ones generated by GPT-4. The overall quality level of the AI and human-generated ideas were similar, but the AI was judged to be better on feasibility and impact, while the humans generated more novel ideas.

The final paper did something a bit different, focusing on creative writing ideas, rather than business ideas. The study by Anil R. Doshi and Oliver P. Hauser compared humans working alone to write short stories to humans who used AI to suggest 3-5 possible topics. Again, the AI proved helpful: humans with AI help created stories that were judged as significantly more novel and more interesting than those written by humans alone. There were, however, two interesting caveats. First, the most creative people were helped least by the AI, and AI ideas were generally judged to be more similar to each other than ideas generated by people. Though again, this was using AI purely for generating a small set of ideas, not for writing tasks.

«

Seems AI is useful for brainstorming, as I understand this.
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He died in a tragic accident. Why did the internet say he was murdered? • The New York Times

Andrew Keh and Stuart Thompson:

»

Faisal Shah Khan, an internet marketer in India, knew nothing about Mr. Sachman. But suddenly, enough people were searching for “Matteo Sachman” to push his name up a list of trending Google search topics that Mr. Khan was monitoring as part of a digital moneymaking scheme.

To Mr. Khan, the rising interest meant that an audience for online content that did not yet exist was growing rapidly before his eyes. He was poised to deliver it.

Mr. Khan, 30, is part of a booming cottage industry online, in which enterprising people take advantage of the void of information in the wake of a sudden tragedy to drive web traffic to hastily assembled articles and YouTube videos. These so-called “obituary pirates” seem to know about the deaths of everyday Americans long before they have been reported publicly anywhere else.

Mr. Khan — whose website, FSK Hub, was the first site identified by The New York Times to post anything about Mr. Sachman’s death — agreed to walk The Times through his process.

Mr. Khan has spent the past five years building an online advertising business with websites devoted to celebrity news and tech reviews. But he said obituaries make up a huge part of his content farm. Working from his living room in New Delhi, he closely monitors Google Trends for activity related to certain grim keywords: obituary, accident, death.

Google allows anyone to track usage trends for search terms in windows of time as narrow as the previous hour. When Mr. Khan searches those keywords on Google Trends, the company shows what else people who are searching for those terms are actively searching for in the moment: “Matteo Sachman subway accident. Matteo Sachman obituary. Matteo Sachman death.” These were the kinds of searches for truth that precipitated the flow of misinformation back to the people doing the searching.

Based on related searches, like “subway accident,” Mr. Khan could surmise how Mr. Sachman had died. Mr. Khan could then conduct a cursory search of his own around the internet for any biographical information, leading him to a LinkedIn page detailing Mr. Sachman’s work history. And finally, he could prompt an artificial intelligence tool called a large language model to create a short article.

“The article should be written in a conversational style, using personal pronouns, rhetorical questions and analogies to engage the reader,” read one prompt intended for a language model, which was accidentally published on FSK Hub.

«

Soon enough Khan will be cut out of the loop. What then? Who will the instigators be? Who gets the money?
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How beloved indie blog ‘The Hairpin’ turned into an AI clickbait farm • WIRED

Kate Knibbs:

»

In 2018, the indie women’s website The Hairpin stopped publishing, along with its sister site The Awl. This year, The Hairpin has been Frankensteined back into existence and stuffed with slapdash AI-generated articles designed to attract search engine traffic. (Sample headlines: “What Does It Mean When You Remember Your Dreams?” and “White Town’s ‘Your Woman’ Explained.”) Some original articles remain but have been reformatted in a strange way, and the authors’ bylines have been replaced by generic male names of people who do not appear to exist. One piece by writer Kelly Conaboy about celebrity teeth now appears under the name “James Nolen,” of whom I can’t find a single trace online.

This would be a nasty end for any independent media property. For The Hairpin, it’s especially repulsive, because the site was the antithesis of a content mill. It never courted a huge audience or chased trending topics—it was a writer-led website that found an audience by being experimental and intimate and odd. It served as a launching pad for bona fide stars like former New York Times reporter Jazmine Hughes, Bojack Horseman designer Lisa Hanawalt, and New Yorker writer Jia Tolentino precisely because it valued nurturing fresh ideas—and letting people make jokes!—not optimizing revenue per click.

In an attempt to understand the future of media, I tracked down The Hairpin’s new owner—a Serbian DJ named Nebojša Vujinović Vujo. He says the site is just the latest title in his stable of over 2,000 websites and admits that the majority of the new posts on The Hairpin are indeed AI-generated. “I buy new websites almost every day,” he says.

Vujinović Vujo was attracted to The Hairpin because of its “great reputation and excellent backlinks,” which he values because it helps with Google rankings. “It’s a common thing on the internet today.” He plans to “add all previous authors” back to the website in the future. His first priority, though, is ginning up more new algorithm-generated content.

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Will Meta be the Android of XR, or the Blackberry? • UploadVR

David Heaney:

»

there’s a huge problem with the idea that Meta will be the equivalent of Android in the XR (AKA spatial computing) market.

Android is a semi-open software platform. Any phone maker can integrate the open-source core of Android for free and without permission, and can integrate Google’s services and the Google Play Store by agreeing to certain compatibility criteria and preinstalling Google’s suite of apps.

The Meta Quest platform on the other hand is exclusive to Meta’s own devices. Its strategy is more akin to wanting to be a second Apple than what Google did with Android. That sounds more like BlackBerry than Android, and the market combination of iPhone and Android killed off BlackBerry.

Further, Google itself is seemingly preparing to be the Android of XR with… Android. Google is building an ‘Android XR’ platform to power Samsung’s upcoming headset. It will be able to bring the full Android phone and tablet app ecosystem over, something it refused for Meta, while Samsung will be able to leverage its expertise in hardware and get priority access to key components like OLED microdisplays from its subsidiaries. And while Samsung may have a period of exclusivity, that almost certainly (and reportedly) won’t last forever.

On the other hand, a major difference between the XR market and the smartphone market renders these analogies of limited use.

Meta sells its mainline Quest headsets at cost price, and sometimes even at a loss. Barring an unprecedented revenue-sharing deal that would eat heavily into Google’s profits, hardware companies like Samsung likely won’t want to compete directly with mainline Quests any time soon, especially the rumored Quest 3 Lite. Samsung’s headset will reportedly be priced somewhere around $2000.

«

Note this implicitly accepts the Vision Pro as the iPhone of XR, which is possible – but it might be the iPad.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The advent of Small Modular Reactors means informing people about the opportunity – and lack of danger – from nuclear power. CC-licensed photo by Canadian Nuclear Laboratories on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

A selection of 9 links for you. Use them wisely. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

The myth of technological inevitability • The Future, Now and Then

Dave Karpf:

»

Of all the imagined futures buried in the pages of the WIRED magazine back catalog, I think one of the most instructive is the argument for the “inevitability” of human cloning.

In 1996, researchers at the University of Edinburgh’s Roslin Institute cloned Dolly the sheep. Human cloning, it appeared, could not be too far behind. President Clinton declared a moratorium on federal funding for human cloning research. Governments across the world took similar steps. It was the rare moment when, instead of adopting a laissez-faire/“let markets decide” approach, elected officials asserted themselves on a major social issue.

In the pages of WIRED, this was sacrilege. You can’t stop scientific and technological progress! If the U.S. government wasn’t going to fund this research, that just meant some (privately funded) “rogue lab” would do it on their own. Or maybe (*gasp*) China would seize the initiative.*

*(In the eyes of libertarian tech-optimists, the United States’s historic dominance in science and technology is entirely due to its willingness to let innovators innovate, keeping regulators out of their way. That the US government provided ample public funding for basic research, and that the Defense Department was frequently the sole customer for their products were inconvenient facts, signifying nothing.)

And so, between 1997 and 2002, WIRED routinely articulated the case for why human cloning was the future, and it would be good, and everyone ought to just get used to it.

«

Karpf is always excellent at dissecting this attitude within American technological discourse. Cloned humans are still as far away as ever, though the topic raises its head from time to time: we’re currently in a mild revival.
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Meta preparing to support iPhone Spatial Video on Quest • UploadVR

David Heaney:

»

I say “natively” because you can already play spatial videos recorded by iPhone 15 Pro on any existing VR headset by converting it to regular side-by-side 3D, the existing standard format for stereoscopic video, using an iPhone app called Spatialify. You then need to send the file to your PC or Mac, and finally transfer it to a standalone headset like Quest via USB or play it directly via PC VR software.

That’s quite an involved process, but it may not be necessary for long. X user M1Astra found strings within the code of the Meta Quest iPhone app referencing uploading spatial videos so that they will show up in the Files app on your Quest headset.

This could significantly reduce the friction of viewing spatial videos captured with iPhone on Quest, cutting out the need to transfer the file to your PC and then to your headset.

The regular non-Pro iPhone 16 coming later this year is rumored to be able to capture Spatial Videos too, so within a few years, the creator base for 3D video could rise to hundreds of millions.

«

Now that’s interesting. Meta clearly sees spatial video as a potential attractor for headsets, and knows that plenty of people won’t want to pay Apple’s prices, and anyway won’t be able to put their hands on a Vision Pro this year.
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Nuclear meltdown • Polymathic Being

Michael Woudenberg:

»

Most of our ideas of nuclear energy are nearly half a century out of date and involve archaic designs, ancient fuel technologies, and fears about realized events that were blown out of proportion. We view nuclear as especially dangerous to humans and yet, it’s actually saved millions of lives.

For example, air pollution from fossil fuels is responsible for an estimated 7 million deaths per year while nuclear carries about the same risk as wind power and is around 350 times safer than coal. [Translation for mathematicians: has 0.2% of the risk of coal. – Overspill Ed] Going back to Germany, while Fukushima has no acute radiation deaths, German coal burning has been estimated to have killed thousands since they turned off their nuclear reactors.

These fears also don’t take into consideration the incredible advancements in performance, safety, fuel, and size reduction that have occurred over the past 40 years.

What many don’t realize now is that the idea we have of a nuclear reactor like the Simpson’s TV show is an archaic relic of the past. Most of us would never even know a nuclear plant exists today due to the dramatic improvements in design.

How dramatic you ask? Well, they currently have microreactors that can fit in a shipping container in a footprint smaller than a house. These reactors can produce between 5 and 10 megawatts which can power over 2000 homes.

You can distribute these reactors nationwide and provide focused, resilient, and agile power generation to more easily balance wind and solar projects. Conversely, the large and centralized power generators today, nuclear or otherwise, require extensive power grid infrastructure to carry and distribute that volume. Small Modular Reactors require much less intensive delivery infrastructure and are less prone to disruption.

«

Bet people in the UK will go absolutely bananas if someone proposes putting an SMR near them. They go bonkers about solar panels already.
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Apple’s next iPads are “likely” due at the end of March • The Verge

Wes Davis:

»

Apple’s next iPads are “likely” due at the end of March. So says Mark Gurman in the latest Power On newsletter for Bloomberg. That’s not all — in addition to two iPad Air models (one a 12.9in!) and OLED iPad Pro tablets, he writes that 13in and- 15in MacBook Air models will be updated with M3 chips at the same time.

That would be the first refresh of each iPad and the 13in MacBook Air since 2022.

«

Which feels like a long time between updates for the iPad line in particular. Apple basically took 2023 off when it comes to the iPad.
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Apple shares more details about the new default web browser prompt in iOS 17.4 • 9to5Mac

Chance Miller:

»

Apple announced that iPhone users in the EU will be prompted to choose a default web browser when they open Safari for the first time after updating to iOS 17.4. The company has now shared more details on this process.

Apple tells me that the popup message in iOS 17.4 will show a list of the 12 most popular browsers from the App Store in that country. That list will be presented in random order for each user.

In addition to making it easier for users to set their default browser, iOS 17.4 will also allow third-party browsers that use different web engines than Safari for the first time. Again, these changes only apply in the European Union.

«

The linked Apple developer document makes it sound like there will be plentiful hoops to jump through in order to be that web browser. Furthermore, it will only apply on the iPhone: Apple says the DMA allows it to not implement that on the iPad. For browser companies such as Firefox, that would mean maintaining a WebKit version on iPadOS, and its own one on iOS. (Me: or just ignore iPadOS?)
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New Xamalicious Android malware installed 330k times on Google Play • Bleeping Computer

Bill Toulas:

»

A previously unknown Android backdoor named ‘Xamalicious’ has infected approximately 338,300 devices via malicious apps on Google Play, Android’s official app store.

McAfee, a member of the App Defense Alliance, discovered 14 infected apps on Google Play, with three having 100,000 installs each.

Even though the apps have since been removed from Google Play, users who installed them since mid-2020 might still carry active Xamalicious infections on their phones, requiring manual scans and cleanup.

…Also, a separate set of 12 malicious apps carrying the Xamalicious threat, for which download stats aren’t available, are distributed on unofficial third-party app stores, infecting users via downloadable APK (Android package) files.

«

Bet someone at Apple will be clipping stuff like that to put in its “Is THIS what you want?” file for when the EU drops it a line.
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The new Apple tax every developer [using European third-party app stores] will hate • The Verge

Jacob Kastrenakes:

»

[In Europe only, following the DMA] Apple is introducing a new fee structure for apps that want to operate on these third-party stores. On the surface, it looks great: apps pay no cut of sales to Apple if they’re distributed via a third-party store. And if a developer still wants to be distributed via Apple’s App Store, too, the cut drops from the traditional 30% fee down to 17%. It’s an even lower 10% fee for qualifying “small business” apps, down from the original 15%. So far, a much better deal.

The real caveat comes into play only once apps are popular enough. Any app that sees more than 1 million installs per year must pay Apple a 50 euro cent fee (about 54 cents USD) for every new installation over that first 1 million — that fee is charged once per every user each year. Crucially, app updates count as installations, too. Since no major app goes more than a year without an update, that effectively means any sufficiently popular app is going to be indefinitely paying Apple 50 euro cents per user per year, above that initial 1 million. It’s not just apps, either. Third-party app stores must also pay Apple 50 euro cents per user per year, and they do not receive the 1 million install grace that apps do.

«

Basically, this makes it pointless for free apps to use third-party stores. And app stores need free apps to build up their catalogue so they don’t look like a ghost town. It also murders any freemium business model. What’s left? Paid-only apps, for which the “app store” itself will also have to pay.

If this follows the letter of the DMA law, the EU will be fuming.
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The news business really is cratering • POLITICO

Jack Shafer:

»

The ongoing flood obviously won’t sweep all journalism away. But except for a few big players, will it become more of a cottage industry than an economic and cultural force? If great cities like Los Angeles, with its many prosperous, educated and engaged citizens, can’t support a decent daily newspaper, what hope is there for the rest of the country? Are we belatedly learning that the great journalism empires — the Times-Mirror chain, Knight Ridder, Gannett, Scripps-Howard, Tribune, McClatchy, Advance Publications, Hearst, Freedom Communications and the rest — weren’t journalism empires as much as they were advertising colossuses, and that they became doomed when they lost status as the best advertising vehicle?

Journalism will survive, of course, even if the business falters as the advertising subsidy that made it viable erodes. Publications for readers who depend on market-moving news like you find in the Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg News and other business titles will endure. So will the aforementioned New York Times, which provides news that moves political markets and has established itself as a national voice worth paying for. So, too, will the gossip and lifestyle magazines remain, as will publications like the New York Review of Books and the New Yorker, which serve, boutique-style, a loyal, educated readership. But like the animals that persisted after the great comet struck the earth, most publications will be tiny and eke out an existence in the shadows. Perhaps organized labor and political parties will step forward to sponsor news. But could you trust either to produce real news? That would be like expecting General Motors or Citibank to give you the honest lowdown on the automotive and financial goings-on.

«

As Shafer also points out, the problem with this situation of fewer big news outlets is that there are fewer lower down to effectively train people in journalism. Quality is certain to drop off as a result.
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No cervical cancer cases in fully HPV-vaccinated women in Scotland • BBC News

»

A new study has found that no cases of cervical cancer have been detected in young women who have been fully-vaccinated as part of the HPV immunisation programme.

The Public Health Scotland (PHS) research said the HPV (human papillomavirus virus) vaccine was “highly effective” in preventing the development of the cancer.

HPV is a sexually transmitted infection and is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer – the fourth most common cause of cancer in women worldwide.

The vaccination programme started in 2008 with girls offered the vaccine in their first year at secondary school, aged 12 or 13.

The vaccine, which is now offered to boys, also helps to protect them from other HPV-related cancers later in life, such as head, neck and anogenital cancers as well as genital warts.

…Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women aged 25 to 35 years of age in Scotland.

In total, about 300 women in Scotland are diagnosed with cervical cancer every year.
Screening is offered to all women aged 25 to 64.

«

Amazing result. You could imagine that in time, it might be possible to stop requiring the hated pap smears.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

It’s late January, so surely it’s about time you sorted out that box of unsorted cables once and for all? CC-licensed photo by Andy Melton on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

It’s Friday, so there’s another post due at the Social Warming Substack at about 0845 UK time. It’s about all those tweets you wish you’d sent. (Sort of.)

A selection of 9 links for you. Ooh, RS-232. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Apple announces sweeping EU App Store policy changes—including sideloading • Ars Technica

Samuel Axon:

»

To comply with European Union regulations, Apple has introduced sweeping changes that make iOS and Apple’s other operating systems more open. The changes are far-reaching and touch many parts of the user experience on the iPhone. They’ll be coming as part of iOS 17.4 in March.

Apple will introduce “new APIs and tools that enable developers to offer their iOS apps for download from alternative app marketplaces,” as well as a new framework and set of APIs that allow third parties to set up and manage those stores—essentially new forms of apps that can download other apps without going through the App Store. That includes the ability to manage updates for other developers’ apps that are distributed through the marketplaces.

The company will also offer APIs and a new framework for third-party web browsers to use browser engines other than Safari’s WebKit. Until now, browsers like Chrome and Firefox were still built on top of Apple’s tech. They essentially were mobile Safari, but with bookmarks and other features tied to alternative desktop browsers.
The changes also extend to NFC technology and contactless payments. Previously, only Apple Pay could fully access those features on the iPhone. Now Apple will introduce new APIs that will let developers of banking and wallet apps gain more comparable access.

Developers will have new options for using alternative payment service providers within apps and for directing users to complete payments on external websites via link-outs. They’ll be able to use their apps to tell users about promotions and deals that are offered outside of those apps. (Apple warns that it will not be able to provide refunds or support for customers who purchased something outside its own payment system.)

«

There’s a lot still to be found out about this. We don’t know quite what percentage Apple will take, what sort of modal screens it will throw up, what the workflow is going to be like. Also, does it apply to UK users? Probably not – which will be a relief to Apple if this undermines its Services business at all.
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Microsoft lays off 1,900 Activision Blizzard and Xbox employees • The Verge

Tom Warren:

»

Microsoft is laying off 1,900 employees at Activision Blizzard and Xbox this week. While Microsoft is primarily laying off roles at Activision Blizzard, some Xbox and ZeniMax employees will also be impacted by the cuts.

The cuts work out to roughly 8% of the overall Microsoft Gaming division that stands at around 22,000 employees in total. The Verge has obtained an internal memo from Microsoft Gaming CEO Phil Spencer that confirms the layoffs:

»

It’s been a little over three months since the Activision, Blizzard, and King teams joined Microsoft. As we move forward in 2024, the leadership of Microsoft Gaming and Activision Blizzard is committed to aligning on a strategy and an execution plan with a sustainable cost structure that will support the whole of our growing business. Together, we’ve set priorities, identified areas of overlap, and ensured that we’re all aligned on the best opportunities for growth.

«

«

I mean honestly. What two-faced nonsense. If the business is growing, shouldn’t that mean you need at least the same number of people to get things happening? And a game that was planned has also been cancelled. So much for synergy in the Microsoft-Activision merger: as always happens, it just means job cuts and inefficiency.
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Publishers: ditch Google search addiction or die • Press Gazette

Matthew Scott Goldstein:

»

what’s the playbook for publishers in 2024? The answer is straightforward, but the execution will be challenging.

Every publisher must single-mindedly focus on obtaining and growing front-door direct traffic. Imagine Google, the malevolent (yes, I used that word) monopoly, ceases to send you traffic. Like the banks – please conduct this stress test immediately – publishers are not too big to fail. Though Google is currently risk-averse and doesn’t need to blow up publishing right now so there may be a stay of execution.

Ask yourself the following questions:
• Do you still have a business if Google ceases to send you traffic?
• How do you make your homepage a machine for getting users to come back more often?
• How do you get users to visit more pages once they arrive?
• How is your desktop versus mobile homepage differentiated?
• How do you use generative AI to adjust your homepage?
• Will community/comments help to grow your front door traffic, getting users to come back more often?
• What content do you need to bring in more direct traffic?
• How do you work with Google and Open AI/Microsoft and other LLMs allowing them to train the model in return for traffic guarantees or start/join a lawsuit?

The most important metric/KPI for publishers going forward is maintaining and attracting direct homepage users.

Of note, 2024 is a presidential election year and depending on the outcome my extinction prediction may be pushed back to 2025.

…There is hope. These publishers need to reinvent themselves and focus on homepage traffic.

«

This came out on the day that multiple publishers in the US – Business Insider, Forbes, Time – laid off around 10% of their writers. Tech and games companies are doing the same, though, so it’s not just media. Who, exactly, is doing OK?
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The Sports Illustrated cover, a faded canvas that once defined sports • The New York Times

Kevin Draper and Benjamin Mullin:

»

For sports fans of a certain age, the memory of running to the mailbox to see what was on the cover of the latest weekly issue of Sports Illustrated is indelible. For decades, the magazine’s photographers, writers and editors held the power to anoint stars and deliver the definitive account of the biggest moments in sports, often with just a single photograph and a few words on the cover. It was the most powerful real estate in sports journalism.

“When I was a kid and getting S.I., you didn’t have that immediate 24-hour news cycle just hitting you over the head,” said Nate Gordon, a former picture editor at Sports Illustrated who is now the head of content at The Players’ Tribune. “You would get that cover and you’d be like: ‘Man, this is what happened last week. That’s so cool.’”

To the extent any magazine had that power, it is severely diminished now. But the road has been particularly rough for Sports Illustrated, with its shrinking staff and reduced print frequency. Last week, most of the employees were either laid off or told their employment would be uncertain after 90 days, leaving the publication’s future in flux.

Sports Illustrated’s power to define sports discourse faded long before 2024, however. A combination of factors like growth of sports across cable channels, the presence of more team-controlled media and the ascendancy of the internet had been steadily eroding the influence of the magazine and its cover for years. But it is hard to overstate the power it once had.

«

Choosing a single image which would be seen by millions was an incredibly powerful act. Though as the story points out, sometimes that backfired when the cover wasn’t complimentary, and an athlete would boycott the magazine literally for years.

Sic transit gloria mundi: this isn’t coming back, and we’re honestly poorer for it.
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Old’aVista: Home

Rewind to the web search of 1999 and see what it was like for us working then. Try a search on “ChatGPT”: turns up nothing. The most recent result I could get was from 2014, but the FAQ doesn’t say when the index runs up to.
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HPE discloses hack by Russian group behind Microsoft email breach • CRN

Kyle Alspach and Steven Burke:

»

Hewlett Packard Enterprise disclosed that its cloud email environment was compromised in 2023 by the threat actor tracked as Midnight Blizzard, a Russia-aligned hacker group also recently blamed for an attack that compromised senior Microsoft executives.

In a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Wednesday, HPE said it was “notified” on Dec. 12 about the incident, which began in May 2023 and impacted a “small percentage” of staff email accounts.

In a statement provided to CRN Wednesday, HPE identified its impacted cloud email system as a Microsoft Office 365 environment, and said that the threat actor leveraged a compromised account to access the email environment.

“The accessed data is limited to information contained in the users’ mailboxes,” HPE said in the statement. “We continue to investigate and will make appropriate notifications as required.”

The hacker group behind the attack, also tracked under the name Cozy Bear, was earlier held responsible by Microsoft for the recent high-profile breach of multiple senior executive emails accounts, in the company’s disclosure last Friday.

«

So much hacking of these big American companies. And speaking of the Microsoft hack..
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CrowdStrike CEO: Microsoft explanation for Russia hack doesn’t add up • CRN

Kyle Alspach:

»

In a post Friday disclosing the latest hack, Microsoft said that the incident began with a late November 2023 password spray attack, which compromised a “legacy non-production test tenant account.”

Speaking on CNBC, Kurtz contended that this explanation for the hack by Microsoft does not really add up.

“I’m confused, because what Microsoft talks about is [that] it was a non-production test environment. So how does a non-production test environment lead to the compromise of the most senior officials in Microsoft [and] their emails?” he said. “I think there’s a lot more that’s going to come out on this.”

Kurtz also cited the timing of the release of the Microsoft disclosure, which was released Friday following the close of the stock market for the weekend, in his criticism.

In addition to the blog post, Microsoft discussed the incident in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Friday, as part of complying with recently introduced SEC cyberattack disclosure rules for public companies.

“When you drop this on a Friday at five o’clock, and you have scant details, I think there’s more to come on it,” Kurtz said during the CNBC interview.

Microsoft declined to comment in an email to CRN Tuesday.

«

Like Kurtz, I thought that the timing of the announcement was suspicious. And the escalation is also peculiar.
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How to organize your tech and purge that random box of cables • WIRED

Simon Hill:

»

While it is an absolute privilege to lay hands on the latest tech, my home as a gadget reviewer often resembles a warehouse. Piled high with cardboard boxes and cables trailing everywhere, just getting to my desk is a battle on some days. Every surface is littered with chargers, security cameras, routers, and phones. To manage the flow of devices and preserve my sanity, I had to get organized.

I won’t lie to you. It’s not fun to purge your random cable collection, sorting stuff into labeled boxes, and letting go of old gadgets you no longer use. But you can benefit from my experience, and I promise it will make your life easier. It’s tough to start, but once you have a system, you will never return to the chaos.

«

Purge my cables?? Actually, the organisation part is relatively straightforward. Look, it’s something to do on a January weekend. For fun, you could count up how many of each USB connector you have.
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Korea begs citizens to stop eating fried toothpicks for viral trend • Korea JoonyAng Daily

Moon Sang-Hyeok and Kim Ju-Yeon:

»

The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety warned citizens against eating toothpicks made of starch as they are “not food” and not safe for consumption, after videos of people eating fried toothpicks went viral online.

“Toothpicks are categorized as sanitary products, not food, so they have not been confirmed to be safe for consumption,” the Food Ministry said in a news release on Tuesday.

The ministry’s announcement comes following a recent trend of “mukbang,” or eating shows, for “starch toothpicks” gaining traction on YouTube and other social media platforms popular among children and teens. Dozens of search results for “fried starch toothpick” pop up on YouTube.

“While watching mukbang on YouTube I saw a video of fries being made out of toothpicks,” a YouTuber says in one video, then proceeds to fry toothpicks in oil. 
 
She then pours sauce onto the toothpicks and eats them on camera, saying the toothpicks are “very tasty.” The video has over 4.4 million views as of Wednesday.
 
Parents have taken to online forums to express concerns over children participating in the trend. “I heard there are children asking for toothpick fries after seeing it on YouTube,” one post on a “mom cafe,” or online community of mothers, read. “The problem is that children can replicate what they see on video,” another post said.
 
Starch toothpicks are made of either cornstarch or potato starch mixed with sorbitol, alum and artificial coloring. 
 
Sorbitol is a type of sugar alcohol and alum is a chemical compound found in baking powder. They are not harmful when ingested in small amounts, but can cause vomiting, diarrhea and inflammation in cases of overconsumption.

«

OK but they’re not toothpicks like people in the west would think of them. Those really would be a problem.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Why, exactly, do dogs wag their tails, given that their common ancestors, wolves, don’t? CC-licensed photo by Bill McChesney on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Extremely good. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Inside a global phone spy tool monitoring billions • 404 Media

Joseph Cox:

»

Hundreds of thousands of ordinary apps, including popular ones such as 9gag, Kik, and a series of caller ID apps, are part of a global surveillance capability that starts with ads inside each app, and ends with the apps’ users being swept up into a powerful mass monitoring tool advertised to national security agencies that can track the physical location, hobbies, and family members of people to build billions of profiles, according to a 404 Media investigation.

404 Media’s investigation, based on now deleted marketing materials and videos, technical forensic analysis, and research from privacy activists, provides one of the clearest examinations yet of how advertisements in ordinary mobile apps can ultimately lead to surveillance by spy firms and their government clients through the real time bidding data supply chain. The pipeline involves smaller, obscure advertising firms and advertising industry giants like Google. In response to queries from 404 Media, Google and PubMatic, another ad firm, have already cut-off a company linked to the surveillance firm.

“The pervasive surveillance machine that has been developed for digital advertising now directly enables government mass surveillance. Many businesses, from app publishers to advertisers to big tech, are acting completely irresponsibly. This must end,” Wolfie Christl, the principal of Cracked Labs, an Austrian research institute and co-author of a paper published last year that researched the surveillance tool, told 404 Media.

«

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Google promised to delete location data on abortion clinic visits. It didn’t, study says • The Guardian

Johana Bhuiyan:

»

Google’s original promise, made in July 2022, came shortly after the supreme court’s decision to end federal abortion protections. The tech giant said it would delete entries for locations deemed “personal” or sensitive, including “medical facilities like counseling centers, domestic violence shelters, and abortion clinics”. It did not provide a timeline for when the company would implement the new policy. Five months after that pledge, research first reported by the Guardian and conducted by tech advocacy group Accountable Tech in November 2022 showed that Google was still not masking that location data in all cases.

At the time, Google said it prioritized user privacy and that it had implemented the changes to its location retention policies in early 2022 “as promised” but that the system must not have detected that the user had visited a Planned Parenthood clinic in some of the cases.

In its newest study, which the Guardian reviewed exclusively, Accountable Tech found that the company still wasn’t deleting location history in all cases as promised, though Google’s rate of retention improved slightly. The rate of retention of location information decreased from 60% of tested cases, a measurement taken five months after Google’s pledge, to 50% of tested cases in the most recent experiment. The director of product of Google Maps, Marlo McGriff, disputed the findings of the study.

“We are upholding our promise to delete particularly personal places from Location History if these places are identified by our systems – any claims that we’re not doing so are patently false or misguided,” McGriff said in a statement.

«

Bizarre state of affairs where people can be prosecuted for the places their phone says they’ve been. The US has descended into a circle of hell without entirely noticing.

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Gene therapy allows an 11-year-old boy to hear for the first time • The New York Times

Gina Kolata:

»

The studies, researchers said, mark a new frontier for gene therapy which, until now, had steered clear of hearing loss. “There has never been a biological or medical or surgical way to correct the underlying biological changes that cause the inner ear to not function,” Dr. [Dylan] Chan [a paediatric ear/nose/mouth specialist] said.

Although otoferlin mutations are not the most common cause of congenital deafness, there is a reason so many researchers started with it. That form of congenital deafness, said Dr. John A. Germiller, an otolaryngologist who is leading the CHOP study, is “low hanging fruit.”

The mutated otoferlin gene destroys a protein in the inner ear’s hair cells necessary to transmit sound to the brain. With many of the other mutations that cause deafness, hair cells die during infancy or even at the fetal stage. But with otoferlin deafness, hair cells can survive for years, allowing time for the defective gene to be replaced with gene therapy.

There’s an advantage in using gene therapy to allow children to hear. Most of the mutations that affect hearing — there are approximately 150 — do not affect any other part of the body. Some genes are actually unique to the ear.

The inner ear is a small closed compartment, so gene therapy delivered there would not affect cells in other parts of the body, said Manny Simons, chief executive and co-founder of Akouos and senior vice president of gene therapy at Lilly.

But getting the genes to the cochlea, a spiral-shaped cavity close to the center of the skull, is challenging. The cochlea is filled with fluid, is lined with 3,500 hair cells and is encased in a dense dome of bone with a tiny, round membrane. Sound sets off a wave of fluid in the cochlea and stimulates the hair cells to transmit signals to the brain. Each hair responds to a different frequency, enabling a person to hear the richness of sound.

The gene therapy consists of a harmless virus carrying new otoferlin genes in two drops of liquid that are delicately injected down the length of the cochlea, delivering the genes to each hair cell.

«

Remarkable: gene therapy starting to make a difference. The 11-year-old subject’s comment: “There’s no sound I don’t like”.
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Scientists will test a cancer-hunting mRNA treatment • WIRED

Condé Nast:

»

As the first vaccines for Covid-19 rolled out at the end of 2020, messenger RNA catapulted into public awareness. Now, a few years later, interest in mRNA has exploded. Clinical trials are underway for dozens of mRNA vaccines, including ones for flu and herpes. And scientists are hoping to use mRNA to treat disease, not just prevent it. One of the biggest targets is cancer.

But a major obstacle is how to deliver the molecule to the place in the body that needs to be treated. Fatty bubbles called lipid nanoparticles can carry RNA into cells, and they can ferry it to a wide range of tissues but not to anywhere specific. That’s a problem for cancer, says Jake Becraft, cofounder and CEO of Boston-based Strand Therapeutics, because many cancer treatments “can be incredibly toxic in off-target tissues.” But his company may have found a solution.

Strand has figured out how to “program” mRNA much like computer code, allowing it to perform certain functions—such as turning on only in specific cell types, at specific times, and in specific amounts. Today, the biotech company announced that the US Food and Drug Administration has greenlit a clinical trial testing the approach in cancer patients with solid tumors. Strand plans to begin enrolling patients this spring. It will be the first time a programmable mRNA therapy will be tested in people.

…Tumor cells notoriously evade the immune system, going undetected. But synthetic mRNA can direct cancerous cells to make certain proteins that alert the immune system to the tumor’s presence.

Strand’s therapy uses mRNA to make an inflammatory protein called interleukin-12, or IL-12, that causes immune cells to spring into action and unleash a cascade of events that kill cancer cells when and where they detect the protein.

«

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Mugger take your phone? Cash apps too easily let thieves drain accounts, DA says • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

»

Popular apps like Venmo, Zelle, and Cash App aren’t doing enough to protect consumers from fraud that occurs when unauthorized users gain access to unlocked devices, Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg warned.

“Thousands or even tens of thousands can be drained from financial accounts in a matter of seconds with just a few taps,” Bragg said in letters to app makers. “Without additional protections, customers’ financial and physical safety is being put at risk.”

According to Bragg, his office and the New York Police Department have been increasingly prosecuting crimes where phones are commandeered by bad actors to quickly steal large amounts of money through financial apps.

This can happen to unwitting victims when fraudsters ask “to use an individual’s smartphone for personal use” or to transfer funds to initiate a donation for a specific cause. Or “in the most disturbing cases,” Bragg said, “offenders have violently assaulted or drugged victims, and either compelled them to provide a password for a device or used biometric ID to open the victim’s phone before transferring money once the individual is incapacitated.”

But prosecuting crimes alone won’t solve this problem, Bragg suggested. Prevention is necessary. That’s why the DA is requesting meetings with executives managing widely used financial apps to discuss “commonsense” security measures that Bragg said can be taken to “combat this growing concern.”

Bragg appears particularly interested in Apple’s recently developed “Stolen Device Protection,” which he said is “making it harder for perpetrators to use a phone’s passcode to steal funds when the user’s phone is not at home or at work.”

«

Seems to me the obvious thing is not to let those apps unlock with biometrics. Passcodes or passwords not stored in the keychain. A little inconvenient, but not as inconvenient as having your money stolen.
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Mirror publisher’s boss warns print titles could become loss-making in five years • The Guardian

Mark Sweney:

»

The boss of the publisher of the Mirror, Express and Star newspapers has warned staff they have to face the “inconvenient truth” that its print titles will become loss-making in as soon as five years.

The chief executive of Reach, which also owns scores of regional titles including the Manchester Evening News, the Birmingham Mail and the Liverpool Echo, also maintained that the publisher has “significant resources” despite cutting almost 800 roles in the biggest annual cull of jobs in the newspaper industry in decades.

Jim Mullen, who has run Reach since 2019, told staff in the meeting that they had to face the ramifications of the fact its traditional print operations have declined by 17% annually over the past four years.

“Our biggest revenue stream is newsprint and the papers,” said Mullen, in an internal town hall video meeting with staff. “When I started I said there is at least 10 years of profitable business in newspapers and probably more. I have been in the business for five years so half of that is gone. There is probably five to seven years that we can look at. We have to face into this inconvenient truth.”

Mullen said the Mirror, which now sells about 230,000 copies daily, would be “pushing” 100,000 copy sales in five years at the current rate of decline.

«

There’s a longer analysis of Reach’s woes from last week, and this was discussed on the latest Private Eye podcast. The problem is that adverts shown to Reach’s readers tend to be cheap; and they won’t be willing to pay subscriptions. There are no good answers.

Noted in passing (from the podcast): Mullen, the man in charge in Reach, previously worked at.. gambling company Ladbroke’s.
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Netflix is going to take away its cheapest ad-free plan • The Verge

Emma Roth:

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Although Netflix no longer allows new or returning members to sign up for the ad-free Basic subscription that costs $11.99 per month, company executives told investors while reporting its earnings results today that it’s retiring the plan in some countries where ad-supported plans are available. It’s starting with Canada and the UK in the second quarter of this year.

That leaves subscribers with Netflix’s $15.49 per month option as Netflix’s cheapest ad-free plan. Going from $11.99 to $15.49 per month is a pretty big jump, and means there’s really no middle ground for ad-free plans. Otherwise, subscribers will have to pay $6.99 per month for its ad-supported basic plan or $22.99 per month for the Premium tier.

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The turning of the screw continues. The obvious app for someone to build: one which subscribes you to/unsubscribes you from each streaming service in order. The obvious chart for someone to compile: the rising prices of each of the streaming services over time.
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Why do dogs wag their tails? • Royal Society Biology Letters

Silvia Leonetti, Giulia Cimarelli, Taylor Hersh and Andrew Ravignani:

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Tail wagging is a conspicuous behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Despite how much meaning humans attribute to this display, its quantitative description and evolutionary history are rarely studied. We summarize what is known about the mechanism, ontogeny, function and evolution of this behaviour. We suggest two hypotheses to explain its increased occurrence and frequency in dogs compared to other canids.

During the domestication process, enhanced rhythmic tail wagging behaviour could have (i) arisen as a by-product of selection for other traits, such as docility and tameness, or (ii) been directly selected by humans, due to our proclivity for rhythmic stimuli. We invite testing of these hypotheses through neurobiological and ethological experiments, which will shed light on one of the most readily observed yet understudied animal behaviours. Targeted tail wagging research can be a window into both canine ethology and the evolutionary history of characteristic human traits, such as our ability to perceive and produce rhythmic behaviours.

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Not examined: whether it’s because they are good doggos. (But seriously, it is a puzzle: wolves don’t, but domesticated wolves show an inclination to do so.)
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Why China has lost interest in Hollywood movies • The New York Times

Claire Fu, Brooks Barnes and Daisuke Wakabayashi:

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Chinese moviegoers who once flocked to Hollywood films have been steadily disappearing. China is, by far, the biggest movie market outside the United States, and a place that American studios rely on for growth and profitability as the film industry struggles.

“The days when a Hollywood film would make hundreds of millions of US dollars in China — that’s gone,” said Stanley Rosen, a professor at the University of Southern California who studies Chinese politics and the film industry.

China’s film industry is producing more high-quality movies that resonate with domestic audiences. The country’s top two films last year highlight the diversity of offerings: “Full River Red,” a dialogue-rich suspense thriller, and “The Wandering Earth II,” a science-fiction blockbuster heavy with special effects.

Against the backdrop of growing tensions with the United States, Beijing has advanced its ambitions to become a cultural influence, supporting efforts by local filmmakers to create films that are in line with the ruling Communist Party’s doctrines.

In recent years, some of the highest-grossing films have played up themes of a stronger and more assertive China. The top-grossing Chinese films of all time are “The Battle at Lake Changjin,” a 2021 film that depicts an against-all-odds defeat of the United States during the Korean War; and “Wolf Warrior 2,” a 2017 nationalist action flick in which a Chinese Jason Bourne-like character takes on an American soldier of fortune.

Shi Chuan, vice chairman of the Shanghai Film Association, said many American studios once viewed China as a market where they could always make money. That is no longer the case. Wary Chinese consumers are spending less, and box office sales have not returned to prepandemic levels.

“Now I am telling American film companies that this mentality is no longer viable,” Mr. Shi said. “You must study deeply to understand the Chinese market, Chinese audiences and Chinese pop culture.”

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Maybe this means that Hollywood won’t try to make films with budgets in the hundreds of millions of dollars?
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: are you wondering why there aren’t any “40 years of the Macintosh” links? It’s because “anniversary journalism” has no place here. Sure, celebrate birthdays and weddings by the calendar, but don’t use it as a peg for stories.