Gold nuggets are typically found in quartz because of earthquakes, a new theory says. CC-licensed photo by Dave Bezaire on Flickr.

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A selection of 9 links for you. Not fooled. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

OSOM, the company formed from Essential’s ashes, is apparently in shambles • Android Authority

Mishaal Rahman:

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OSOM Products rose from the ashes of Essential in late 2020. Its founder and “Chief Hooligan,” Jason Keats, wanted to build something new without the involvement (and associated baggage) of Essential’s previous founder, Andy Rubin. The company hired several people who previously worked at Essential, including camera engineer Nick Franco, programmers Gary Anderson and Jean-Baptiste Théou, and marketing officer Wolfgang Muller.

OSOM, which the company says stands for “Out of Sight, Out of Mind,” stated that one of its goals was to create privacy-focused products. To lead those efforts, the company hired Mary Stone Ross in early 2021 to be their “Chief Privacy Officer.”

In 2022, the company launched its first product: the Saga, an Android smartphone backed by the large cryptocurrency and blockchain platform company named Solana. It released its second product, the OSOM Privacy Cable, in 2023 and seemingly held talks with Solana Mobile later that year to create a successor to the Saga. However, it seems that not only has the Solana Saga Two been canceled, but its entire smartphone venture might be over.

In a lawsuit docketed on Friday, August 30, 2024, in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (C.A. No. 2024-0894-BWD), Mary Ross, who left the company in May 2024 according to her LinkedIn, asked the court to compel OSOM Products, Inc. to grant her access to the company’s books and records. She filed this lawsuit in an attempt to prove her many allegations of financial mismanagement by Jason Keats.

The allegations she highlights in the lawsuit, detailed in court records seen by Android Authority, are incredibly damning if true. Shockingly, the lawsuit alleges, citing several meetings with the company’s Board and internal documents provided by former CMO Muller, that Keats misused company funds to purchase two Lamborghinis, pay for his racing hobby, pay for his racing partner’s salary, expense multiple first-class travel tickets, pay his mortgage, and more. The suit suggests that the company’s previous Head of Finance may have resigned due to these practices and that the company’s replacement was brought on board to process payments for Keats’ personal expenses.

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Where are the VCs while all this is going on? Perhaps OSOM applies to their view about this too.
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Overview: AI-implanted false memories • MIT Media Lab

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Participants (N=200) watched a crime video, then interacted with their assigned AI interviewer or survey, answering questions including five misleading ones. False memories were assessed immediately and after one week.

Results show the generative chatbot condition significantly increased false memory formation, inducing over 3 times more immediate false memories than the control and 1.7 times more than the survey method. 36.4% of users’ responses to the generative chatbot were misled through the interaction.

After one week, the number of false memories induced by generative chatbots remained constant. However, confidence in these false memories remained higher than the control after one week. Moderating factors were explored: users who were less familiar with chatbots but more familiar with AI technology, and more interested in crime investigations, were more susceptible to false memories. These findings highlight the potential risks of using advanced AI in sensitive contexts, like police interviews, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations.

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This is quite a clever study, and a concerning finding: if a chatbot misleads you, even over content that you’ve seen independently, then it can persuade you that something which didn’t happen did happen, or vice versa.
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Escaping a hostage situation • Five Good Hours

“Five” is a PhD candidate at Princeton (subject not stated) and has thoughts about Ted Chiang’s article (linked here yesterday) about AI v art:

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In art, we don’t begin from choice, but from cliché, from a position of determination and dependency. And every proper choice we make in the production of an artwork is achieved by consciously cultivated tactics of resistance to this cliché. In Bacon, one such tactic was actually the restriction of his subjective “choice” in the process of painting, the introduction of chance into the making of the work, the use of materials that did not easily respond to the painter’s hand, the defacing of the face in his great portraits.

A radically “chosen” artwork, an artwork that is actually composed entirely of free “choices” made by the artist is inconceivable. We begin with our given materials, our shared language, our common history, and the overdetermined conditions of our socialization into that history. Only within and against that background of this shared meaning, only by knowing it well enough to navigate the many traps and alleys that may first appear as lines of flight, can we strike out on our own and invent something new—which if we are lucky will integrate itself into the tradition and perhaps even one day become a cliché of its own to be overcome.

A defense of art-making in purely humanist-voluntarist terms will collapse under its own weight when placed under scrutiny, especially when we consider the extent to which so much writing produced by human beings, with human hands and human minds, is as automatic as that of LLMs. I’ve been hesitant to confront students about suspected AI-use because I simply cannot tell if the generic quality of their arguments and phrasing is the product of algorithmic flattening or of the quotidian automaticity of college-writing that has been around at least since Aquinas led disputations at the University of Paris.

…It is not theoretically or practically productive to think along the voluntarist lines that Chiang lays out—between “choice” and “non-choice,” or between different quantities of choices. The better distinction is between abject dependency upon the machine and the relative autonomy achieved by the cultivation of knowledge and skills. We need to create room to maneuver, to create the possibility of a creative life that isn’t utterly parasitized by these tools.

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There’s also a discussion of the Chiang article on Hacker News, if you wanted to know what brogrammers think of it.
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Hewlett Packard to pursue Mike Lynch’s estate for up to $4bn • The Guardian

Dan Milmo:

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Hewlett Packard Enterprise has confirmed it will push ahead with a high court lawsuit against the estate of the deceased tech tycoon Mike Lynch in which it is seeking damages of up to $4bn (£3bn).

The US company said in a statement it would follow the legal proceedings “through to their conclusion” despite Lynch’s death last month when his yacht sank off the coast of Italy.

HPE won a civil claim against Lynch in the English high court in 2022, after accusing him and his former finance director Sushovan Hussain of fraud over its $11bn takeover of his software company Autonomy in 2011.

A ruling on damages is expected soon, although the judge presiding over the case, Mr Justice Hildyard, wrote in 2022 that he expected final damages to be “substantially less than is claimed”.

Lynch, 59, who was cleared in a separate criminal fraud trial over the Autonomy deal in the US in June, and his 18-year-old daughter Hannah, were among seven people who died after the Bayesian superyacht sank off the coast of Sicily last month.

HPE said: “In 2022, an English high court judge ruled that HPE had substantially succeeded in its civil fraud claims against Dr Lynch and Mr Hussain. A damages hearing was held in February 2024 and the judge’s decision regarding damages due to HPE will arrive in due course. It is HPE’s intention to follow the proceedings through to their conclusion.”

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One’s reaction to this will tend towards the “hasn’t HP got enough money then?” but the estate might be sizeable. If it were, say, $5bn then his widow may be able to get by on the remainder. If it puts her into destitution, though, the publicity will quickly turn sour.
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How do gold nuggets form? Earthquakes may be the key • National Geographic

Robin George Andrews:

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Gold has always been a hot commodity. But these days, finding a nugget isn’t too tricky: Much of the world’s gold is mined from natural veins of quartz, a glassy mineral that streaks through large chunks of Earth’s squashed-up crust. But the geologic process that put gold nuggets there in the first place was a mystery.

Now, a new study published in Nature Geoscience has come up with a convincing, and surprising, answer: electricity, and earthquakes—lots of them.

Those nuggets owe their existence to the strange electrical properties of common quartz. When squished or jiggled, the mineral generates electricity. That drags gold particles out of fluid in Earth’s crust. The particles crystallize out as grains of gold—and, over time, with enough electrical stimulation, those grains bloom into nuggets.

“If you shake quartz, it makes electricity. If you make electricity, gold comes out,” says Christopher Voisey, a geologist at Monash University in Australia and the lead author of the new paper. Earthquakes are the most likely natural source of that shaking, and the team’s lab experiments show that earthquakes can make gold nuggets. 

The idea that gold nuggets appear because of electricity instead of a more conventional geologic process is, at first, a peculiar thought. But “it makes complete sense,” says Thomas Gernon, a geoscientist at the University of Southampton in England and who was not involved with the new work. Quartz veins host a disproportionate number of gold nuggets and their environments experience plenty of earthquakes.

…Voisey originally had this hunch that quakes and electrical fields might forge gold several years earlier as a Ph.D. student; to see it realized was an exhilarating moment. “I went nuts when that worked,” he says. “I kicked back on my chair, screaming out and stuff. Dude, I exploded.”

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Always nice to remember that scientists are human beings and get excited about their discoveries too.
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Failure to warn Oasis fans of dynamic pricing may be consumer law breach, say experts • The Guardian

Rob Davies, Josh Halliday and Shane Harrison:

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Ticketmaster may have breached consumer laws by failing to warn Oasis fans that the price of tickets might soar while they were queueing, experts have said, as it emerged that the company plans to apply “dynamic pricing” more widely.

Excitement about the Mancunian band’s long-awaited reunion tour descended into dismay and outrage over the weekend after fans complained that tickets for 17 shows in 2025, expected to make millions for the Gallagher brothers, were hiked up without warning.

Dynamic pricing, which is common in the US but relatively unusual in the UK and Ireland, meant that some fans queued [virtually] all day long only to find that £135 standing tickets had risen to £355 when the time came to confirm their purchase.

Fans said they were left with a choice of missing out or paying more than they felt able to, and that they only had minutes to decide.

The government announced on Sunday night that it would include dynamic pricing in a review of ticketing that was due to focus on Labour’s plans to ban “rip-off” resale sites and ticket touting.

But on Monday, consumer law experts said that while dynamic pricing was not illegal, the way Ticketmaster applied it may have breached consumer regulations if it was not clear to fans that the price of basic standing tickets might increase.

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It certainly looks like a bait-and-switch to entice people with low-priced items and then increase the price without warning.
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What is NaNoWriMo’s position on Artificial Intelligence (AI)? • National Novel Writing Month

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NaNoWriMo does not explicitly support any specific approach to writing, nor does it explicitly condemn any approach, including the use of AI. NaNoWriMo’s mission is to “provide the structure, community, and encouragement to help people use their voices, achieve creative goals, and build new worlds—on and off the page.” We fulfill our mission by supporting the humans doing the writing. Please see this related post that speaks to our overall position on nondiscrimination with respect to approaches to creativity, writer’s resources, and personal choice. 
 
Note: we have edited this post by adding this paragraph to reflect our acknowledgment that there are bad actors in the AI space who are doing harm to writers and who are acting unethically. We want to make clear that, though we find the categorical condemnation for AI to be problematic for the reasons stated below, we are troubled by situational abuse of AI, and that certain situational abuses clearly conflict with our values. We also want to make clear that AI is a large umbrella technology and that the size and complexity of that category (which includes both non-generative and generative AI, among other uses) contributes to our belief that it is simply too big to categorically endorse or not endorse.

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NanoWriMo has been going since 1999, when it had 21 participants trying desperately to finish their novels during the month of November; it now has over 400,000 participants. But this bizarre notification about how AI is sorta kinda OK really, who are we to judge, has a lot of people puzzled – and other people thinking it must mean that it has licensed content to LLM builders.

Meanwhile, there’s also this closing paragraph, which has no further explanation:

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We believe that to categorically condemn AI would be to ignore classist and ableist issues surrounding the use of the technology, and that questions around the use of AI tie to questions around privilege. 

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Glad to have that sorted.
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Elon Musk vs. Brazil • Garbage Day

Ryan Broderick:

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The exact details about what Musk wasn’t complying with has been a little fuzzy. But X launched a Twitter Files spin-off to organize their response to the Brazilian government called the Alexandre Files, named after Alexandre de Moraes, Brazil’s minister of the Supreme Federal Court and the chief architect of the country’s X ban. And according to what X has released, the conflict between the site and the Brazilian government boils down to seven users, which X, confoundingly, decided to dox in their Alexandre Files. The Brazilian supreme court wanted the users suspended, Musk didn’t. And now an estimated 40 million people can’t use X.

Now that we know the exact accounts that were ordered to be suspended, it’s extremely clear why Musk was comfortable sacrificing Brazilian users to keep them. They included Marcos Ribeiro do Val, a senator that’s been investigated for his role in Brazil’s 2023 insurrection, pro-Bolsonaro influencer Ednardo Davila Mello Raposo, and Paola Da Silva Daniel, the wife of Daniel Silveira, a former military police officer and state deputy that has been arrested several times for threatening supreme court ministers.

It should go without saying that if former Brazilian president and far-right COVID magnet Jair Bolsonaro was still in power and asking for leftist accounts to be suspended, Musk would have been more than happy to oblige. In fact, we know this because X restricted content on the request of the Turkish government in 2023 and complied with a government order to block accounts in India in 2024.

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I’d held off linking to this over the weekend because of the lack of clarity. This is clarity. And of course Musk is behaving hypocritically. Of course.
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Bluesky tops app charts and sees “all-time-highs” after Brazil bans X • TechCrunch

Anthony Ha:

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A Brazilian court’s decision to ban X (formerly Twitter) seems to be benefiting its rivals, especially Bluesky.

The microblogging platform announced late Friday that it was seeing “all-time-highs for activity” with 500,000 new users joining in the previous two days. It’s also number one on the free iPhone app chart in Brazil today, ranking just ahead of Meta’s Threads at number two.

Noting the rankings, Bluesky CEO Jay Graber wrote, “good job Brazil, you made the right choice.”

That growth is particularly impressive for a platform that only fully opened to the public in February and winkingly acknowledged its small size (especially compared to rivals X and Threads) by describing itself as “the short king of social apps.” The company says it had more than 6 million users as of May 2024.

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Given there were 40 million or so users of Twitter in Brazil, the upside for Bluesky is considerable. Once it figures out how to make money from those people, of course.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The plummeting price of batteries is making them attractive to homeowners as well as grid companies. CC-licensed photo by Ben Paulos on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

A selection of 10 links for you. Charged up. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Why AI isn’t going to make art • The New Yorker

Ted Chiang:

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Some commentators imagine that image generators will affect visual culture as much as the advent of photography once did. Although this might seem superficially plausible, the idea that photography is similar to generative AI deserves closer examination.

When photography was first developed, I suspect it didn’t seem like an artistic medium because it wasn’t apparent that there were a lot of choices to be made; you just set up the camera and start the exposure. But over time people realized that there were a vast number of things you could do with cameras, and the artistry lies in the many choices that a photographer makes. It might not always be easy to articulate what the choices are, but when you compare an amateur’s photos to a professional’s, you can see the difference.

So then the question becomes: Is there a similar opportunity to make a vast number of choices using a text-to-image generator? I think the answer is no. An artist—whether working digitally or with paint—implicitly makes far more decisions during the process of making a painting than would fit into a text prompt of a few hundred words.

…It’s harder to imagine a program that, over many sessions, helps you write a good novel. This hypothetical writing program might require you to enter a hundred thousand words of prompts in order for it to generate an entirely different hundred thousand words that make up the novel you’re envisioning. It’s not clear to me what such a program would look like.

Theoretically, if such a program existed, the user could perhaps deserve to be called the author. But, again, I don’t think companies like OpenAI want to create versions of ChatGPT that require just as much effort from users as writing a novel from scratch. The selling point of generative A.I. is that these programs generate vastly more than you put into them, and that is precisely what prevents them from being effective tools for artists.

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Chiang writes fabulous stories (his short story “The Story Of Your Life” became Arrival, one of the very best SF films) but is clearly intrigued by this technology. Not enough to let it take over, though.
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Misinformed about misinformation • FT

Tim Harford:

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Not only does misinformation represent a small fraction of online traffic, it is a small fraction which disproportionately attracts a small minority. A paper published in Science in 2019 by Nir Grinberg, Lisa Friedland and others examined Twitter behaviour during the 2016 election and concluded that “only 1% of individuals accounted for 80% of fake news source exposures . . . individuals most likely to engage with fake news sources were conservative leaning, older, and highly engaged with political news”. In other words, the audience for fake news on Twitter in 2016 was a tiny minority of users, most of whom would have voted for Trump in any case.

None of this is to suggest that misinformation is a trivial problem. If 5% or 10% of social media “news” is wrong, that’s a serious concern. I warned last summer that a classic disinformation tactic is to blame a real heinous crime on an entirely innocent group — exactly the kind of lies that circulated after the murder of children in Southport. Lies that circulate among a small minority can still do a lot of harm, especially if that minority enthusiastically turns to intimidation and violence.

And I remain worried about the possibility of a co-ordinated disinformation attack, which if well-timed and well-aimed could swing a close election, and which demands forethought and defensive measures that liberal democracies have been slow to embrace.

These problems are all real. But they require focused attention, not pearl-clutching about fake news. Most of us only hear about the latest online lies because they are being repeated by political elites, or by mainstream news sources — sometimes in a well-meaning but risky “fact-checking” exercise. When it comes to misinformation, social media companies surely have a case to answer. But they are not the only ones who should be looking in the mirror.

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The lightbulb of the 21st century: the battery revolution illuminates a new era • EL PAÍS English

Ignacio Fariza:

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“[Batteries’] impact on demand for fossil fuels is going to be enormous,” says Francisco Blanch, head of global commodities and equity derivatives at Bank of America. “Until now, there was only one way to store energy: in the form of hydrocarbons. That’s no longer the case: clean energy can now be stored in batteries. This will drastically reduce gas and oil consumption,” he adds, on the phone with EL PAÍS from New York City. “When electric cars soon offer ranges of [620 miles] and very fast recharges at affordable prices… who’s going to want a car [with an internal combustion engine]?” he asks rhetorically.

In China, the world leader in this area, the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that two out of three battery-powered passenger car models are already cheaper than their petrol-powered equivalents.

Adrián González, a specialist at the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), notes that, in the field of transportation, batteries will be “indispensable for light road traffic and a [viable energy] alternative, with potential for heavy traffic, air and sea [transit].”

…Even without public subsidies, the enormous — and growing — price volatility between lunchtime (when there’s more sun) and breakfast and dinnertime (when the UV index is minimal or non-existent and household demand, contrastingly, soars) already makes arbitrage profitable in many countries: buying electricity when it’s cheap, storing it in a battery, and selling it when it’s expensive. A game in which households are also starting to participate, as they use small batteries to store the surplus energy from their solar panels, so as to not have to draw on the grid at night.

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All of which is creating more demand for batteries, which pulls in supply, which drops the price.
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Empowering farmers in Central Europe: the case for agri-PV • Ember

Paweł Czyżak and Tatiana Mindekova:

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Several years of intensive research across Europe and beyond has shown that agri-PV [the combined use of land for food production and solar electricity generation] can increase crop yields by up to 16% in the case of fruits or berries. With less shade-tolerant crops like wheat, yield losses are kept below 20% thanks to vertical solar panels with wide row spacing. The added revenues from the sale of electricity far outweigh the reduced revenues from grains. A case study shows that an annual profit of €1268 per hectare is possible from combined electricity and wheat sales. This contrasts with traditional wheat production (without agri-PV) that is estimated to be generating net losses in 2024.

Ember’s analysis reveals that Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia could deploy a total of 180 GW of agri-PV and almost triple Central Europe’s annual renewable electricity production from 73 TWh to 191 TWh. Using just 9% of that generation could cover the entire electricity needs of farming and food processing. Consequently, agri-PV would significantly contribute to the 2030 solar capacity targets set in the revised National Energy and Climate Plans. These equate to 60 GW for the four countries combined, compared to the current 25 GW of total installed solar capacity.

Introducing legislation to enable agri-PV would benefit both energy and food security across Central Europe and beyond.

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The idea that you can share fields between crops and solar panels will blow the minds of all the Green Party MPs and NIMBFs (Not In My Back Fields) who keep bitterly opposing solar farms.
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Why I changed my mind on self-driving cars • Exponential View

Azeem Azhar:

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While it’s not clear what proportion of Waymo’s 100,000 weekly rides happens in San Francisco alone, the city is their most mature market, so it is likely the bulk of rides.

That gives us a direct comparison with Uber’s staffed rideshare service, which runs approximately 200,000 rides a day in San Francisco. Given Waymo’s 100,000-a-week figure, the company likely offers 10,000 or more rides a day in the city, a 5%-ish or more market share. This is close to the tipping point of an S-curve of adoption of 6%.1

Waymo’s ride numbers would also give San Francisco a justifiable claim to be the world’s first “driverless city”. Waymo has a larger number of rides per day in San Francisco than Baidu does in Wuhan – despite the Chinese city having a population ten times larger. Wuhan, however, leads by driving the cost of robotaxi journeys down. A 10-kilometre ride in a robotaxi in Wuhan is between a fifth and half the price of a ridesharing equivalent. Anecdotally, a ride in Waymo in San Francisco costs around 20% more than an Uber. 

Without driver fatigue, the number of rides a robotaxi can run a day can be greater than that of its non-automated predecessor. In Wuhan, robotaxis complete up to 20 rides a day, which matches or even exceeds the average of 13.2 for human taxi drivers in the city.

What about the economics? Baidu operated around 336,000 Apollo Go rides in July. This means that Baidu Apollo could be netting $200,000 to $800,000 a month or $2.5-10 million a year. The Apollo, costing only $28,000 to build, is much cheaper than Waymo’s cars, which are estimated to cost $150,000.

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Previously a sceptic, Azhar thinks the computing and economics have flippped in favour of self-driving taxis, and after them cars more generally.
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The AI chip startup that could take down Nvidia • Freethink

Kristin Houser:

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Etched, a startup founded by three Harvard dropouts, also thinks specialization is the best approach to building AI chips, developing Sohu, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that runs just one type of AI — transformers — very, very well.

Transformers are one of the newest kinds of AI systems, having been introduced by Google researchers in just 2017. They were created to improve AI translation tools, which, at the time, worked by translating each word in a sentence one after another.

Google’s transformer model was able to look at the entire sentence before translating it, and this additional context helped the AI better understand the meaning of the sentence, which led to more accurate translations.

Transformers soon proved to be useful for far more than language translation. They have played a pivotal role in the generative AI explosion of the past few years, putting the big “T” in “ChatGPT” and enabling the creation of AI models that can generate text, images, music, videos, and even drug molecules.

“It’s a general method that captures interactions between pieces in a sentence, or the notes in music, or pixels in an image, or parts of a protein,” Ashish Vaswani, co-author of Google’s transformer paper, told the Financial Times in 2023. “It can be purposed for any task.” 

In 2022, Etched’s co-founders decided to put all their chips on transformers (so to speak), betting that they would be important enough to the future of AI that a microchip optimized to run only transformer-based models would be incredibly valuable.

“There aren’t that many people that are connected enough to AI companies to realize the opportunity and also crazy enough to take the bet — that’s where a couple 22-year-olds can come in and give it a swing,” Etched co-founder Robert Wachen told Freethink.

“When we started, this was incredibly crazy,” he continued. “Now it’s only mildly crazy.”

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Raised $120m in funding recently. One to watch.
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Apple stands by decision to terminate account belonging to WWDC student winner • TechCrunch

Sarah Perez:

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Apple is standing by its decision to terminate the Apple Developer Account of Appstun, a mobile app company created by one of Apple’s own Worldwide Developer Conference 2021 student winners. According to an announcement published on Appstun’s website, Apple moved to terminate the developer’s account after multiple rejections of its app that Apple says violates its App Store guidelines.

Apple’s decision to shut down the developer’s account was recently highlighted on X by Apple critic and 37Signals co-owner and CTO David Heinemeier Hansson, where he celebrated how much better web developers had it, noting they could run their businesses without the involvement of big tech gatekeepers.

“No fear on [sic] capricious rejections that might suddenly kill the business overnight,” he remarked.

…The company went back and forth with App Review, receiving multiple rejections over an app for designing Apple Watch faces. In addition to a more standard watch face, Appstun also came up with a workaround that would allow it to offer more highly customizable watch faces. But these weren’t actually watch faces in the traditional sense, but rather custom images and animations that run independently of the App Watch face system. Essentially, the app would take over the screen showing an image that was similar to a watch face, allowing Appstun to offer more customization. Of course, running a custom animation in this way could drain the Apple Watch battery faster.

Apple was also concerned that customers wouldn’t understand that they weren’t running a normal watch face, and that Appstun deceived them by suggesting that’s what it was offering.

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Hansson’s comment doesn’t really apply for Apple Watch faces, does it? Apple is dead set against third-party apps for Watch faces, so this is totally unsurprising.
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Inside China’s race to lead the world in nuclear fusion • Nature

Gemma Conroy:

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China is fast pouring resources into its fusion efforts. The Chinese government’s current five-year plan makes comprehensive research facilities for crucial fusion projects a major priority for the country’s national science and technology infrastructure. As a rough estimate, China could now be spending $1.5bn each year on fusion — almost double what the US government allocated this year for this research, says Jean Paul Allain, associate director of the US Department of Energy’s Office of Fusion Energy Sciences in Washington DC. “Even more important than the total value is the speed at which they’re doing it,” says Allain.

“China has built itself up from being a non-player 25 years ago to having world-class capabilities,” says Dennis Whyte, a nuclear scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge.

Although no one yet knows whether fusion power plants are possible, Chinese scientists have ambitious timelines. In the 2030s, before ITER will have begun its main experiments, the country aims to build the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), with the goal of producing up to 1 gigawatt of fusion power. If China’s plans work out, a prototype fusion power plant could follow in the next few decades, according to a 2022 road map.

“China is taking a strategic approach to invest in and develop its fusion energy programme, with a view of long-term leadership in the global field,” says Yasmin Andrew, a plasma physicist at Imperial College London.

…the International Atomic Energy Agency says that fusion could generate four times more energy than does fission, per kilogram of fuel.

It’s a particularly tantalizing prospect for China where, between 2020 and 2022, several regions experienced massive power outages owing to skyrocketing demand for electricity during frigid winters. Despite rapid progress in renewable energy, the country still generates more than half of its electricity from coal and remains the biggest contributor to global carbon emissions.

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It still seems to me to be chasing a mirage. But perhaps if you chase it with enough money, the mirage becomes reality.
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The far-reaching ripple effects of a discredited cancer study • WSJ

Nidhi Subbaraman:

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Four years ago, a team of researchers led by a heavyweight in the field of microbiology made a stunning claim: Cancers have unique microbial signatures that could one day allow tumors to be diagnosed with a blood test. 

The discovery captured the attention of the scientific community, as well as investors. 

A prestigious journal published the research. More than 600 papers cited the study. At least a dozen groups based new work on its data. And the microbiologists behind the claim launched a startup to capitalize on their findings. 

Since then, the work has suffered multiple setbacks. 

The paper was retracted in June following criticisms by other scientists who questioned the methodology and said the findings are likely invalid. Support for the startup has dried up. And published research that relied on the study’s data might have to be corrected or retracted. 

The events illustrate the far-reaching ripple effect of flawed science. 

“It has polluted the literature,” said Steven Salzberg, a computational biologist at Johns Hopkins University, whose critique, written with other colleagues in the field, led to the study’s retraction. 

…Salzberg, the computational biologist, and a team analyzed a handful of the cancer types and didn’t find most of the bacteria reported in the Nature study. Their analysis, published in October 2023 in the journal mBio, stated that the “near-perfect association between microbes and cancer types reported in the study is, simply put, a fiction.”

Among the errors, according to the critique, the UC San Diego team had incorrectly deployed a genomic tool built by Salzberg’s lab to match tumor data to microbial sequences.

“It wasn’t a close call,” Salzberg told The Wall Street Journal. “This data is completely wrong.”

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End of the road: an AnandTech farewell • Anandtech

Ryan Smith:

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It is with great sadness that I find myself penning the hardest news post I’ve ever needed to write here at AnandTech. After over 27 years of covering the wide – and wild – word of computing hardware, today is AnandTech’s final day of publication.

For better or worse, we’ve reached the end of a long journey – one that started with a review of an AMD processor, and has ended with the review of an AMD processor. It’s fittingly poetic, but it is also a testament to the fact that we’ve spent the last 27 years doing what we love, covering the chips that are the lifeblood of the computing industry.

A lot of things have changed in the last quarter-century – in 1997 NVIDIA had yet to even coin the term “GPU” – and we’ve been fortunate to watch the world of hardware continue to evolve over the time period. We’ve gone from boxy desktop computers and laptops that today we’d charitably classify as portable desktops, to pocket computers where even the cheapest budget device puts the fastest PC of 1997 to shame.

The years have also brought some monumental changes to the world of publishing. AnandTech was hardly the first hardware enthusiast website, nor will we be the last. But we were fortunate to thrive in the past couple of decades, when so many of our peers did not, thanks to a combination of hard work, strategic investments in people and products, even more hard work, and the support of our many friends, colleagues, and readers.

Still, few things last forever, and the market for written tech journalism is not what it once was – nor will it ever be again. So, the time has come for AnandTech to wrap up its work, and let the next generation of tech journalists take their place within the zeitgeist.

«

Future, the publisher, says it will keep the site online “indefinitely”. Which is a long time. Ditto for the forums, which is an even tougher challenge.

The site’s name came from its founder, then 17-year-old Anand Lal Shimpi: Apple hired him in 2014 for its hardware division (believed to be the chipmaking part).
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Installed wind power in the UK hit an amazing milestone this week, having started from zero in 1991. CC-licensed photo by Richard Hawley on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

It’s Friday, so there’s another post due at the Social Warming Substack at about 0845 UK time.

A selection of 9 links for you. Whirling like a dervish. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

The Dome is watching you • The Atlantic

Caroline Mimbs Nyce:

»

Feeding yourself—or, really, doing much of anything—at the [Los Angeles-located $2bn Intuit] Dome requires the use of an official app. When you register, it asks for your name, phone number, email address, and zip code. If you want, you can also add your credit-card information and upload a selfie as part of the “Game Face ID” program. That last part, though optional, is a key feature of the venue: facial-recognition cameras are absolutely everywhere. They’re embedded in large, basketball-shaped devices with circular screens. Some of them are planted in walls, while others stand alone atop black poles. They are the keepers of the Dome. If they recognize you, they will grant you prompt entry to the venue, club suites, and concession stands.

Creeping surveillance is a well-documented phenomenon at major venues: Many arenas throughout the country have used some form of facial recognition for years, typically under the premise that it makes the overall experience more convenient for customers. But the Dome is one of the first to package all of this in earnest, to create the ultimate smartphone-powered, face-recognizing, fully digitized stadium-going experience. It is a preview of a new generation of tech-supercharged event venues, a teaser for a world where you can’t even buy chicken tenders at a basketball game without first setting up an account.

But on the night of the Rodrigo concert, I wasn’t thinking about any of this: I just wanted my hot dog. My boyfriend and I had made the conscious decision not to upload selfies before the event—I try to use facial recognition sparingly, for privacy reasons—but a long wait and technical difficulties left me feeling like I would have given up my Social Security number for some sustenance. After eight minutes in line, we finally approached the cameras. They weren’t working very well. Employees posted at each concession entrance had to manually help guests navigate the system, one by one. It took three minutes of tapping our phones and letting the cameras scan our faces to get the gate to open.

«

The future has been slightly delayed, but it’s definitely on its way.
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UK wind power reaches historic 30GW milestone • RenewableUK

RenewableUK Association:

»

The UK has today hit a historic milestone of 30 gigawatts (30,000 megawatts) of wind generation capacity. The opening of SSE Renewables’ Viking Wind Farm on the Shetland Islands boosted the country’s capacity by 443MW, taking the total past the 30GW threshold.
 
Total operational capacity of combined onshore and offshore wind in the UK now stands at 30,299MW, as tracked by RenewableUK’s EnergyPulse, the industry’s  market intelligence service. This is enough to meet the annual power needs of more than 26 million homes and cut carbon emissions by more than 35 million tonnes a year.
 
Renewables provided a record 46.4% of the UK’s electricity in 2023, according to the latest statistics published by the Government in July, with wind remaining our biggest source of clean power. Combined onshore and offshore wind power generated a record 28.1% of our total electricity last year, whilst accounting for more than 60% of electricity generated from renewable sources.
 
The UK’s first commercial onshore wind farm, Delabole in Cornwall, went operational in 1991, and the first offshore wind project off the coast of Blyth in the north east of England began generating in 2000. Initially, wind deployment climbed slowly to 1GW in 2005 and grew to 5GW in 2010, before expanding rapidly to 10GW in 2013 and 15GW in early 2017. Capacity has subsequently doubled in just seven years to reach the 30GW milestone.
 
Viking Wind Farm has been in development for around 15 years, at a cost of approximately £1.2bn in private investment, and will provide energy for households roughly equivalent to a city the size of Birmingham.

«

UK electricity demand is about 76GW, and the UK government wants to have 100% of energy from zero-carbon sources (some news reports wrongly said “renewables”: have people forgotten about nuclear?) by 2030. Very tall order.
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Midjourney says it’s ‘getting into hardware’ • TechCrunch

Kyle Wiggers:

»

Midjourney, the AI image-generating platform that’s reportedly raking in more than $200m in revenue without any VC investment, is getting into hardware.

The company made the announcement in a post on X on Wednesday. Its new hardware team will be based in San Francisco, it revealed.

As for what hardware Midjourney, which has a team of fewer than 100 people, might pursue, there might be a clue in its hiring of Ahmad Abbas in February. Abbas, an ex-Neuralink staffer, helped engineer the Apple Vision Pro, Apple’s mixed reality headset.

Midjourney CEO David Holz is also no stranger to hardware. He co-founded Leap Motion, which built motion-tracking peripherals. (Abbas worked together with Holz at Leap, in fact.)

«

Even so, hard to imagine what sort of hardware an AI generation company would make. A headset is wayyyy too expensive to develop, let alone sell. What else makes sense? Especially given the standard caveat – if you want to make a small fortune in hardware, start with a large fortune.
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Chatbots offer cops the “ultimate out” to spin police reports, expert says • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

»

If you were suspected of a crime, would you trust a chatbot to accurately explain what happened?

Some police departments think the tech is ready. And officers who have started using chatbots to quickly complete their most dreaded task of drafting police reports seemingly don’t want to go back to spending hours each week doing their own paperwork.

In June, a police department in Frederick, Colorado, boasted that it was the “first law enforcement agency in the world to go live with Axon Draft One,” a new kind of police tech that allows a chatbot to spit out AI-generated police reports almost immediately after a body camera stops recording a police interaction.

Powered by OpenAI’s GPT-4 model—which also fuels ChatGPT—Draft One was initially pitched in April to police departments globally. Axon, a billion-dollar company known for its tasers and body cameras, hyped it as “a revolutionary new software product that drafts high-quality police report narratives in seconds based on auto-transcribed body-worn camera audio.” And according to Axon, cops couldn’t wait to try it out, with some departments eagerly joining trials.

Ars confirmed that by May, Frederick’s police department was the first agency to purchase the product, soon followed by an untold number of departments around the US.

Relying exclusively on body camera audio—not video—Draft One essentially summarizes the key points of a recording, similar to how AI assistants summarize the audio of a Zoom meeting.

This may seem like an obvious use for AI, but legal and civil rights experts have warned that the humble police report is the root of the entire justice system, and tampering with it could have serious consequences. Police reports influence not just plea bargains, sentencing, discovery processes, and trial outcomes, but also how society holds police accountable.

«

American police are bad enough, but they keep finding ways to make it worse.
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The rise of wearable smart rings • Forbes

Tim Bajarin:

»

There is a relatively new category of wearables called smart rings.

The leader in this area is the Oura Ring, which started as a Kickstarter project in 2015. It went through two models before the Ring 3, introduced in 2021, took off, and to date, it has sold 2.5 million rings.

According to Toms Guide, the Oura Ring 4 could be released by the end of 2024. Although details about what new features will be in this new ring are sparse, the Oura Ring has solid momentum behind it. In an earlier column in Forbes, I stated that I expect it and other smart rings to be on many people’s holiday wish lists.

I have been testing and using the Ultrahuman Ring AIR since February. I like its health monitoring features, especially sleep tracking. I charge my Apple Watch overnight and defer the sleep tracking to my ring. This ring also has a PPG sensor that can track vital statistics like your heart rate, blood oxygen level, sleep, and movement.

The ring contains a 6-axis motion sensor to make movement tracking more accurate. According to Ultrahuman, it’s constructed from “fighter jet grade titanium,” and reinforced with tungsten, which means it should be able to withstand whatever punishment you put it through.

«

I wonder if he’s being ironic, but what sort of “punishment” is he expecting to put a ring through? Plus I have yet to read a piece that explains how any of the “sleep monitoring” data is in any way actionable. If you don’t sleep well, you tend to know it, and there isn’t much you can do about it. Plus I checked on the Ultrahuman page, and it doesn’t do payments, which you can do with a Watch. I really don’t see the point.
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The rise and fall of OpenSea • The Verge

Ben Weiss:

»

Cryptocurrency values may be back up, but one hyped storyline from the last crypto craze hasn’t recovered: the NFT. In January 2022, the total monthly sales volume for the asset class peaked at more than $6bn, per CryptoSlam. Now, it’s below $430m as of July. NFTs are hanging on, but they’re in troubled waters. “My mom thinks I’m a scam artist,” I overheard one conference attendee [in April, for NFTs] say.

At OpenSea, once the largest marketplace for NFTs, more storms have gathered. One of the most valuable private startups to come out of the incubator Y Combinator is now facing pending litigation from the Securities and Exchange Commission, a previously unreported “matter” with the Federal Trade Commission, inbounds from US and international tax authorities, heightened competition, accusations of gender discrimination, and employee attrition. 

Interviews with 18 current and former employees, as well as internal company documents and conversations with investors, artists, and other stakeholders in the NFT industry, illustrate how a startup inspired by cat JPEGs has morphed into what one former staffer called a “lite” version of Meta that seems lost between the cultures of Big Tech and crypto.

Finzer once pitched OpenSea as a port of entry to a vast new internet. But now that the NFT high tide has receded, that pitch seems shallow.

«

I’d like to know how much of that money was real, believable, fiat currency, and how much was crypto.
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Spotify has a fake-band problem. It’s a sign of things to come • Slate

Andy Vasoyan:

»

If you ask their shareholders, Spotify is in a great place right now. Ask anyone else, and it’s a mess of scams, tone-deaf CEO messaging, and lawsuits. One of the weirdest scams that recently came to light involves (what else) AI-generated content.

Here’s the gist: covers of popular songs were being inserted into large, publicly available playlists, hidden among dozens of other covers by real artists while racking up millions of listens and getting paid.

The artists “performing” the covers—the Highway Outlaws, Waterfront Wranglers, Saltwater Saddles—all fit a certain pattern, with monthly listeners in the hundreds of thousands, zero social media footprint, and some very ChatGPT-sounding bios. A group of vigilante Redditors initially found the pattern in bands covering country classics, but a wider look showed that there were groups covering songs across decades and genres. None of the bands had originals, but a group might cover the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Third Eye Blind and then pivot to “Linger” by the Cranberries in the same record. If you didn’t think the song was AI, you probably wouldn’t suspect a thing.

“Apparently this has been going on for several years, with ambient music and with electronic music and jazz,” said calibuildr, the Redditor who posted the initial thread on r/countrymusic and asked to be identified by their handle. “I think the new thing here is that with A.I. being this consumer product, anybody can make a thing with vocals now.”

A lawyer for 11A, the label claiming to be working with the artists involved in the thread, said their client is properly paying royalties and has documents that show the involvement of human musicians. He would not reply to further requests for comment and did not offer contact information for the label, the only trace of which is an expired domain and a 117-follower Facebook profile with the last post in 2021—not exactly congruent with the numbers its artists are doing online.

«

Does Spotify care? Does it hell. What this does mean is less money for other (human) artists, because the money paid is all pooled and then shared out according to hours played.
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Hello, you’re here because you compared AI image editing to Photoshop • The Verge

Jess Weatherbed:

»

“We’ve had Photoshop for 35 years” is a common response to rebut concerns about generative AI, and you’ve landed here because you’ve made that argument in a comment thread or social media.

There are countless reasons to be concerned about how AI image editing and generation tools will impact the trust we place in photographs and how that trust (or lack thereof) could be used to manipulate us. That’s bad, and we know it’s already happening. So, to save us all time and energy, and from wearing our fingers down to nubs by constantly responding to the same handful of arguments, we’re just putting them all in a list in this post.

Sharing this will be far more efficient after all — just like AI! Isn’t that delightful! 

Argument: “You can already manipulate images like this in Photoshop”

It’s easy to make this argument if you’ve never actually gone through the process of manually editing a photo in apps like Adobe Photoshop, but it’s a frustratingly over-simplified comparison. Let’s say some dastardly miscreant wants to manipulate an image to make it look like someone has a drug problem — here are just a few things they’d need to do:

• Have access to (potentially expensive) desktop software. Sure, mobile editing apps exist, but they’re not really suitable for much outside of small tweaks like skin smoothing and color adjustment. So, for this job, you’ll need a computer — a costly investment for internet fuckery. And while some desktop editing apps are free (Gimp, Photopea, etc.), most professional-level tools are not. Adobe’s Creative Cloud apps are among the most popular, and the recurring subscriptions ($263.88 per year for Photoshop alone) are notoriously hard to cancel.
• Locate suitable pictures of drug paraphernalia. Even if you have some on hand, you can’t just slap any old image in and hope it’ll look right. You have to account for the appropriate lighting and positioning of the photo they’re being added to, so everything needs to match up. Any reflections on bottles should be hitting from the same angle, for example, and objects photographed at eye level will look obviously fake if dropped into an image that was snapped at more of an angle.
• Understand and use a smorgasbord of complicated editing tools. Any inserts need to be cut from whatever background they were on and then blended seamlessly into their new environment. That might require adjusting color balance, tone, and exposure levels, smoothing edges, or adding in new shadows or reflections. It takes both time and experience to ensure the results look even passable, let alone natural.

«

Entertaining piece: and yes, AI stuff is way more easy. Never got the hang of Photoshop at all.
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Roblox is already the biggest game in the world. Why can’t it make a profit (and how can it)? • MatthewBall

Matthew Ball:

»

NPD/Circana reports that Roblox is typically one of the 3–7 most played games on PlayStation and Xbox (Roblox is not available on Switch or Steam), and SensorTower says that in 2023, Roblox averaged more iOS/Android monthly active users than any other game (including Candy Crush!).
View fullsize

Compared to its most similar competitors—the social virtual world platforms, Minecraft and Fortnite — Roblox has about 5x and 2.25x as many monthly players. For non-gamers, Roblox has about two thirds as many monthly users as Spotify and half as many as Snap (though it probably has a lower share of daily-to-monthly active users) and is roughly as popular as Instagram circa Q4 2015, and Facebook in Q3 2009. Each month, players spend close to six billion hours using Roblox.

…Run-rate spending on Roblox is over $3.8bn (which likely exceeds that of any other game globally) and should pass $4bn by the end of the year.

…Roblox has a costs problem. Over the last twelve months it has averaged $138 in costs for every $100 in revenue.

…an average of 23% of revenues are consumed by various App Store/platform fees (this sum is less than 30% because roughly 20% of sales are direct via browser or PC, where Roblox pays credit card processing fees but not 30% store commissions). Another 26% of revenues are paid out to Roblox’s UGC developers.

«

It’s a long piece, but basically the solution for Roblox boils down to: stop having to pay app store fees. Possibly governments will come to its aid there.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

In Poland, renewable energy is making inroads into its coal-heavy electricity generation balance. CC-licensed photo by Greenpeace Polska on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 10 links for you. Clean, honestly. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Threads blocks searches for ‘Covid’ and ‘long Covid’ • The Washington Post

Taylor Lorenz:

»

Instagram’s text-based social platform Threads last week rolled out its new search function, a crucial step toward the platform’s expansion and one that would give it more parity with X, formerly known as Twitter.

Not even 24 hours later, the company was embroiled in controversy. When users went to Threads to search for content related to “covid” and “long covid,” they were met with a blank screen that showed no search results and a pop-up linking to the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Meta acknowledged in a statement to The Washington Post that Threads is intentionally blocking the search terms and said that other terms are being blocked, but the company declined to provide a list of them. A search by The Post discovered that the words “sex,” “nude,” “gore,” “porn,” “coronavirus,” “vaccines” and “vaccination” are also among blocked words.

“The search functionality temporarily doesn’t provide results for keywords that may show potentially sensitive content,” the statement said, adding that the company will add search functionality for terms only “once we are confident in the quality of the results.”

Lucky Tran, director of science communication at Columbia University, discovered this himself when he attempted to use Threads to seek out research related to covid, something he says he does every day. “I was excited by search [on Threads],” he said. “When I typed in covid, I came up with no search results.”

Other public health workers criticized the company’s decision and said its timing was especially poor, given the current coronavirus uptick.

«

Just as a reminder, it was literally yesterday that Mark Zuckerberg’s letter to senators complaining about being censored over, um, Covid by the Biden administration was made public. Who needs the government to get in the way, though, when you can just do it yourself?
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Court says Section 230 doesn’t shield TikTok from Blackout Challenge death suit • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

»

An appeals court has revived a lawsuit against TikTok by reversing a lower court’s ruling that Section 230 immunity shielded the short video app from liability after a child died taking part in a dangerous “Blackout Challenge.”

Several kids died taking part in the “Blackout Challenge,” which Third Circuit Judge Patty Shwartz described in her opinion as encouraging users “to choke themselves with belts, purse strings, or anything similar until passing out.”

Because TikTok promoted the challenge in children’s feeds, Tawainna Anderson counted among mourning parents who attempted to sue TikTok in 2022. Ultimately, she was told that TikTok was not responsible for recommending the video that caused the death of her daughter Nylah.

In her opinion, Shwartz wrote that Section 230 does not bar Anderson from arguing that TikTok’s algorithm amalgamates third-party videos, “which results in ‘an expressive product’ that ‘communicates to users’ [that a] curated stream of videos will be interesting to them.”

The judge cited a recent Supreme Court ruling that “held that a platform’s algorithm that reflects ‘editorial judgments’ about compiling the third-party speech it wants in the way it wants’ is the platform’s own ‘expressive product’ and is therefore protected by the First Amendment,” Shwartz wrote.

Because TikTok’s For You Page (FYP) algorithm decides which third-party speech to include or exclude and organizes content, TikTok’s algorithm counts as TikTok’s own “expressive activity.” That “expressive activity” is not protected by Section 230, which only shields platforms from liability for third-party speech, not platforms’ own speech, Shwartz wrote.

«

It’s taken those who don’t like it a long time to figure out an attack on Section 230, but they’ve finally worked out their angle. This is going to be interesting to watch. And uncomfortable for TikTok.
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Telegram CEO Pavel Durov charged by French prosecutors • NBC News

Kevin Collier and Rob Wile:

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Pavel Durov, the CEO and co-founder of the news and messaging app Telegram, has been charged in France with enabling various forms of criminality in the app, French prosecutors said Wednesday.

One of the charges — complicity in administering an online platform permitting illicit transactions by an organized group — carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and a fine of €500,000 ($555,750), prosecutors said.

It marks one of the few instances in which the CEO of a major internet platform has been charged over alleged criminal failure to moderate what users do on its platform.

In a statement Wednesday, the Paris prosecutor’s office said that Telegram had almost completely failed to respond to its legal requests for user data in prosecuting cybercrime cases.

Prosecutors cited numerous offenses in Wednesday’s statement, including refusal to communicate with authorities, “complicity” in offenses related to child sexual abuse material and drug trafficking, and implementing encrypted technology without proper declaration.

While Durov awaits trial, his bail is set at €5m ($5.6m). He will be forbidden to leave France and will be required to report to the police twice a week, the release said.

«

The point about Telegram is that the lack of encryption means it’s easy to bring this charge. Though one wonders if there’s some geopolitics going on underneath, and that France (or its allies) wants something out of Russia in return for Durov’s future release.

Also, he’s one hell of a flight risk. Got to think that there will be undercover police or similar following him around.
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Using LLMs for coding at Amazon • LinkedIn

Andrew Jassy is chief executive of Amazon:

»

One of the most tedious (but critical tasks) for software development teams is updating foundational software. It’s not new feature work, and it doesn’t feel like you’re moving the experience forward. As a result, this work is either dreaded or put off for more exciting work—or both.

Amazon Q, our GenAI assistant for software development, is trying to bring some light to this heaviness. We have a new code transformation capability, and here’s what we found when we integrated it into our internal systems and applied it to our needed Java upgrades:

– The average time to upgrade an application to Java 17 plummeted from what’s typically 50 developer-days to just a few hours. We estimate this has saved us the equivalent of 4,500 developer-years of work (yes, that number is crazy but, real).

– In under six months, we’ve been able to upgrade more than 50% of our production Java systems to modernized Java versions at a fraction of the usual time and effort. And, our developers shipped 79% of the auto-generated code reviews without any additional changes.

– The benefits go beyond how much effort we’ve saved developers. The upgrades have enhanced security and reduced infrastructure costs, providing an estimated $260M in annualized efficiency gains.

«

If we assume that this code is robust and tested, the question is: why are LLMs good at this? I think the answer is that coding is a very limited knowledge space, far more constrained in what is allowed than normal language (and especially English). Plus there’s a colossal amount of it online to have trained the LLM on.
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Poland is finally kicking its dirty coal habit • The Progress Playbook

Nick Hedley:

»

After getting off to a late start in the energy transition, Poland is making up for lost time.

Over the first seven months of 2024, renewables comprised 30.2% of the country’s electrical output — on par with the global average, and nearly double the levels seen just three years ago, according to data collated by research group Ember.

On the other hand, coal’s share declined to 57.6% over the seven-month period, with the dirtiest fossil fuel hitting a fresh monthly low of 53% in July. As recently as 2022, coal accounted 70% of Poland’s power generation.

The rapid shift in favour of wind and solar energy was prompted, in part, by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent surge in fossil fuel prices.

More recently, the formation of a new government in December 2023, led by centrist prime minister Donald Tusk, has added new impetus to Poland’s decarbonisation drive.

Whereas the previous conservative government aimed to raise the share of renewables in the electricity mix to just 32% by 2030, Tusk is targeting a share of at least 50% by then, according to a draft update of Poland’s National Energy and Climate Plan.

To get there, his coalition government plans to rely heavily on wind energy — both onshore and offshore — while also steadily increasing solar’s contribution. Developers currently plan to build 5.9GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030, according to Reuters.

«

It’s an astonishingly carbon-heavy generation picture: nuclear is basically a rounding error.
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Stolen photos of European influencers used to push Trump propaganda on X • CNN

Katie Polglase, Pallabi Munsi, Barbara Arvanitidis, and Alex Platt:

»

Luna, a self-described 32-year-old “MAGA Trump supporter” from the battleground state of Wisconsin, has gained a huge following since she joined X, formerly Twitter, in March. Her timeline has become a digital bullhorn for the “Make America Great Again” movement, praising former President Donald Trump’s re-election bid, promoting conspiracy theories about his opponent, Vice President Kamala Harris, and touting Republican talking points to nearly 30,000 followers, who she addresses as “patriots.”

“Would You Support Trump Being The President forever? I wonder if you all support Trump for president just like me,” @Luna_2K24 posted on July 29, sharing a beach selfie in a white bikini and asking her followers to respond with an American flag emoji if they agreed. The post was viewed by around 54,000 people.

But Luna isn’t real. The photos of the smiling brunette posted periodically on @Luna_2K24’s timeline are of Debbie Nederlof, a German fashion influencer who lives across the Atlantic and won’t be voting in the US presidential election in November. When CNN reached out to the 32-year-old, a trained optician and single mother who is working two jobs – as a social media manager at an engineering firm and as a model to raise money for her child – she was angry and frustrated that her face was being used to push pro-Trump propaganda on X.

“To be honest, ‘what the f**k?’ was my reaction. That was my reaction, because I have nothing to do with the United States. With Trump, the political things over there. What the hell do I – from a small place in Germany – care about US politics?” she said.

«

Quite a few of the accounts have “verified” status, which of course means a credit card – perhaps stolen – being used to pay for what used to be a mark of authenticity.
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Just four companies are hoarding tens of billions of dollars worth of Nvidia GPU chips • Sherwood News

Jon Keegan:

»

Meta just announced the release of Llama 3.1, the latest iteration of their open source large language model. The long-awaited, jumbo-sized model has high scores on the same benchmarks that everyone else uses, and the company said it beats OpenAi’s ChatGPT 4o on some tests. 

According to the research paper that accompanies the model release, the 405b parameter version of the model (the largest flavor) was trained using up to 16,000 of Nvidia’s popular H100 GPUs . The Nvidia H100 is one of the most expensive, and most coveted pieces of technology powering the current AI boom. Meta appears to have one of the largest hoards of the powerful GPUs. 

Of course, the list of companies seeking such powerful chips for AI training is long, and likely includes most large technology companies today, but only a few companies have publicly crowed about how many H100s they have.  

The H100 is estimated to cost between $20,000 and $40,000 meaning that Meta used up to $640m worth of hardware to train the model. And that’s just a small slice of the Nvidia hardware Meta has been stockpiling. Earlier this year, Meta said that it was aiming to have a stash of 350,000 H100s in its AI training infrastructure – which adds up to over $10bn worth of the specialized Nvidia chips. 

Venture capital firm Andreesen Horowitz is reportedly hoarding more than 20,000 of the pricey GPUs, which it is renting out to AI startups in exchange for equity, according to The Information. 

Tesla has also been collecting H100s. Musk said on an earnings call in April that Tesla wants to have between 35,000 and 85,000 H100s by the end of the year.  

«

That’s a sneaky move by a16z. The other company which has (or wants to have by year-end) a stack of these is xAI, Musk’s company. I don’t follow what Tesla gets out of the chips – are they essential for car design or similar?
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About half of TikTok users under 30 keep up with politics, news there • Pew Research Center

Colleen McClain:

»

TikTok has been so popular among young Americans that presidential campaigns are using it for voter outreach. And some young adults are using TikTok to keep up with politics or get news, a March Pew Research Center survey shows.

Our survey explored various reasons people might use TikTok and other social media platforms. Young TikTok users stand out from their older peers on several of these reasons, including:

• Keeping up with politics or political issues. For 48% of TikTok users ages 18 to 29, this is a major or minor reason why they’re on the platform.

By comparison, 36% of those ages 30 to 49 and even smaller shares of older users say the same:
• 22% of those 50 to 64
•24% of those 65 and older

• Getting news. We also asked TikTok users if getting news in general is a reason they use the platform – regardless of whether that’s political news or another topic entirely. About half of those under 30 say getting news is a major or minor reason they use TikTok.

That compares with 41% of TikTok users ages 30 to 49 who say getting news is a reason they’re on it. The shares of older users saying so are even smaller:
• 29% of those 50 to 64
• 23% of those 65 and older

TikTok has increasingly become a destination for news, bucking trends on other social media sites. A 2023 Center study showed more Americans – and especially young Americans – regularly get news on the platform compared with a few years ago. 

«

Hang on though, 23% of TikTok users over 65 are using it for news? Though this doesn’t state what proportion or number of Americans use TikTok. (Notable social network fact: Pew found that two-thirds never post anything.) A 2023 survey suggested one-third of adults use it. That might be higher now, but unlikely to challenge Facebook, at 68%.

Even so. TikTok for news? As folks are apt to say, concerning.
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Brave lays off 27 employees • TechCrunch

Ivan Mehta:

»

Web browser and search startup Brave has laid off 27 employees across the different departments, TechCrunch has learned. The company confirmed the layoffs but didn’t give more details about the total headcount left nor the reason for the layoffs. PitchBook however estimates that Brave has around 191 employees, working out to Brave cutting 14% of staff.

The new round of job cuts comes about 10 months after the company let go of 9% of its total workforce in October 2023. At that time, Brave said the cuts were due to “cost management in this challenging economic environment.”

After initially fashioning itself a ‘blockchain browser‘ and adding several crypto-related features, Brave has more recently leaned into AI with its product releases this year. The company launched its AI assistant, Leo, on desktop, Android, iPad, and iPhone in a staggered release cycle.

The company integrated its own search results with its Leo chatbot in June. Users could, for example, use the chatbot to ask about the score of a sports match, or get additional context about an article they are reading without navigating to a search page. The company is also selling a Leo Premium subscription for $14.99 per month for access to better models and higher limit rates.

«

Still can’t see how a company reliant on a browser and a bit of search on the side can survive. Talking of which, Mozilla’s accounts (to the end of 2022) show it getting healthy revenue of around $600m, and spending about $425m. All fine? Except “approximately 82% of Mozilla’s revenues from customers with contracts were derived from one customer”. Ah. They’re probably sacrificing goats at Mozilla HQ against Google having to withdraw from default contracts with browsers after the DOJ antitrust verdict.
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Why Texas Republicans are souring on crypto • The Economist

»

Just saying no to crypto would be an ideological swerve for Texas. When running for governor in 2014 Greg Abbott took campaign donations in bitcoin before it was cool. He has since fervently embraced miners. After Uri, the winter storm in 2021 that left 4.5m Texans without power and killed nearly 300 people, he looked to crypto as a tool to make the grid more robust. Bringing more large loads onto the grid would incentivise power stations to produce more electricity and keep the cost of energy low, he reckoned. That year Mr Patrick created a working group to “develop a master plan for the expansion of the blockchain industry in Texas”.

Around that time many crypto miners, including Riot, signed contracts with energy suppliers that locked them into fixed rates for up to a decade. Several years on, that decision looks clever. Unlike steel factories or paper mills, bitcoin miners can temporarily shut down without harming supply chains (because, although they say bitcoin is “not just magic internet beans”, there is no product that needs to get to market). That allows them to take advantage of two emergency schemes.

On the hottest and coldest days, when demand for electricity peaks and the price soars, the bitcoin miners either sell power back to providers at a profit or stop mining for a fee, paid by [Texas grid operator] Ercot. Doing so has become more lucrative than mining itself. In August 2023 Riot collected $32m from curtailing mining and just $8.6m from selling bitcoin.

The Tech Transparency Project, a non-profit organisation based in Washington, DC, accuses miners of acting as an energy-arbitrage business in disguise, holding Texas “hostage” and wasting taxpayer dollars. Their [bitcoin miners – I think? – Overspill Ed] ties to China make them more dubious. But the industry is adamant that it is a stellar corporate citizen and critical to the grid’s health. By acting as “dimmer switches”, mines offer Ercot flexibility at a price that no one else can match, says Lee Bratcher of the Texas Blockchain Council, an advocacy group. Riot reckons the industry is being unfairly targeted and that replacing mines with batteries would cost the state even more.

«

So bitcoin mining encourages overcapacity in the electricity grid and that’s good? I don’t think that’s good, actually, even though Texas is adding more renewables than anywhere else.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

A poll of climate scientists has found them extremely gloomy about prospects for the future of our warming Earth. CC-licensed photo by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Hotter in herre. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Mark Zuckerberg says White House “pressured” Facebook to censor Covid-19 content • The Guardian

Mark Sweney:

»

The Meta boss, Mark Zuckerberg, has said he regrets bowing to what he claims was pressure from the US government to censor posts about Covid on Facebook and Instagram during the pandemic.

Zuckerberg said senior White House officials in Joe Biden’s administration “repeatedly pressured” Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, to “censor certain Covid-19 content” during the pandemic.

“In 2021, senior officials from the Biden administration, including the White House, repeatedly pressured our teams for months to censor certain Covid-19 content, including humour and satire, and expressed a lot of frustration with our teams when we didn’t agree,” he said in a letter to Jim Jordan, the head of the US House of Representatives judiciary committee. “I believe the government pressure was wrong.”

During the pandemic, Facebook added misinformation alerts to users when they commented on or liked posts that were judged to contain false information about Covid.

The company also deleted posts criticising Covid vaccines, and suggestions the virus was developed in a Chinese laboratory.

In the 2020 US presidential election campaign, Biden accused social media platforms such as Facebook of “killing people” by allowing disinformation about coronavirus vaccines to be posted on its platform.

“I think we made some choices that, with the benefit of hindsight and new information, we wouldn’t make today,” Zuckerberg said. “I regret we were not more outspoken about it. Like I said to our teams at the time, I feel strongly that we should not compromise our content standards due to pressure from any administration in either direction. And we are ready to push back if something like this happens again.”

Zuckerberg also said that Facebook “temporarily demoted” a story about the contents of a laptop owned by Hunter Biden, the president’s son, after a warning from the FBI that Russia was preparing a disinformation campaign against the Bidens.

«

But there was a lot of false information about Covid, and it needed rapid action. Facebook never quite trusts its users to get things right – the contrast with Twitter’s Community Notes is stark – and so it sways back and forth through whatever Zuckerberg thinks is the right approach today.
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‘Hopeless and broken’: why the world’s top climate scientists are in despair • The Guardian

Damian Carrington:

»

“I think 3ºC [of warming this century] is being hopeful and conservative. 1.5ºC is already bad, but I don’t think there is any way we are going to stick to that. There is not any clear sign from any government that we are actually going to stay under 1.5ºC.”

[Climate scientist Ruth] Cerezo-Mota is far from alone in her fear. An exclusive Guardian survey of hundreds of the world’s leading climate experts has found that:

• 77% of respondents believe global temperatures will reach at least 2.5ºC above preindustrial levels, a devastating degree of heating
• almost half – 42% – think it will be more than 3ºC
• only 6% think the 1.5ºC limit will be achieved.

The task climate researchers have dedicated themselves to is to paint a picture of the possible worlds ahead. From experts in the atmosphere and oceans, energy and agriculture, economics and politics, the mood of almost all those the Guardian heard from was grim. And the future many painted was harrowing: famines, mass migration, conflict. “I find it infuriating, distressing, overwhelming,” said one expert, who chose not to be named. “I’m relieved that I do not have children, knowing what the future holds,” said another.

The scientists’ responses to the survey provide informed opinions on critical questions for the future of humanity. How hot will the world get, and what will that look like? Why is the world failing to act with anything remotely like the urgency needed? Is it, in fact, game over, or must we fight on? They also provide a rare glimpse into what it is like to live with this knowledge every day.

The climate crisis is already causing profound damage as the average global temperature has reached about 1.2ºC above the preindustrial average over the last four years. But the scale of future impacts will depend on what happens – or not – in politics, finance, technology and global society, and how the Earth’s climate and ecosystems respond.

«

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AI doomers had their big moment • The Atlantic

Ross Andersen:

»

After ChatGPT’s release in November 2022, that whole spectrum of AI-risk experts—from measured philosopher types to those convinced of imminent Armageddon—achieved a new cultural prominence. People were unnerved to find themselves talking fluidly with a bot. Many were curious about the new technology’s promise, but some were also frightened by its implications. Researchers who worried about AI risk had been treated as pariahs in elite circles. Suddenly, they were able to get their case across to the masses, Toner said. They were invited onto serious news shows and popular podcasts. The apocalyptic pronouncements that they made in these venues were given due consideration.

But only for a time. After a year or so, ChatGPT ceased to be a sparkly new wonder. Like many marvels of the internet age, it quickly became part of our everyday digital furniture. Public interest faded. In Congress, bipartisan momentum for AI regulation stalled. Some risk experts—Toner in particular—had achieved real power inside tech companies, but when they clashed with their overlords, they lost influence. Now that the AI-safety community’s moment in the sun has come to a close, I wanted to check in on them—especially the true believers. Are they licking their wounds? Do they wish they’d done things differently?

«

Doomers gonna doom.
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Meta and Instagram spotted developing a new social music-sharing feature • TechCrunch

Sarah Perez:

»

Meta and Spotify are exploring deeper music integration in Meta’s Instagram app. New findings indicate the companies are testing a feature that would allow users to continuously share what music they’re listening to through Instagram’s Notes.

The new functionality was first spotted by reverse engineer Alessandro Paluzzi, who often finds unreleased features while they’re still under development. However, companies like Meta and Spotify test new concepts all the time, so the discovery doesn’t necessarily mean the feature will launch to the public in the near future.

In a screenshot Paluzzi published on Meta’s Threads, he shows a new option that would allow someone to “continuously share” their music from Spotify, as opposed to selecting a song from Instagram’s catalog.
“You can stop sharing at any time,” the message also indicates.

«

A long time ago I recall someone who was trying to push a social network of some sort giving a talk where they said “our users have shared a million glooks” (or whatever it was). And I thought to myself: these are digital farts, aren’t they?

And I think the same about this. Do people seriously want to know what someone else is listening to? Or is this just a sort of digital pollution?
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Press release: Ultrahuman launches Ring AIR at Verizon, expands its US footprint • GlobeNewsWire

»

Ultrahuman, a pioneer in wearable technology, is thrilled to announce the launch of the Ultrahuman Ring AIR in Verizon stores.

The Ring AIR is a part of the Ultrahuman ecosystem that also has Ultrahuman M1, a continuous glucose monitoring platform; Blood Vision, a preventive blood testing platform with the pioneering UltraTrace™ technology; and Ultrahuman Home, a revolutionary health device for your home. 

Starting today, the Ultrahuman Ring AIR will be available in select Verizon stores nationwide. This brings Ultrahuman’s cutting-edge health and wellness technology to a broader audience, making it more accessible than ever.

“Verizon is committed to providing our customers with the latest technology to improve their lives,” said Farhana Chaudhry, Associate Vice President, Consumer Products, Verizon. “We are excited to offer the Ultrahuman Ring AIR to our customers and help them achieve their health and wellness goals.”

«

Think it might be more about helping Verizon achieve its wealth goals – there’s no mention of the price in the press release, which probably isn’t surprising because it retails for £329 in the UK (probably $329 in the US). In other words, as much as a phone or smartwatch, except it does much less.
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Testing the YouTube videos that promise to get water out of your phone • The Verge

David Pierce:

»

Every day for the last four years, dozens of people have shown up in the comments of one particular YouTube, declaring their love and appreciation for the content. The content: two minutes and six seconds of deep, low buzzing, the kind that makes your phone vibrate on the table, underscoring a vaguely trippy animation of swirled stained glass. 

It’s not a good video. But it’s not meant to be. The video is called “Sound To Remove Water From Phone Speaker ( GUARANTEED ).” There are many others like it, too. And the comments — “the community,” as so many there refer to it — are almost all people who just got their phone wet in one way or another. “Walked through a river with the phone in my pocket,” one recent one says. “Yeah the steam from the shower is the reason I’m here,” says another. “Was using my phone in the shower this is a lifesaver.” They go on and on like this, many of them from repeat offenders. “We are back once again the 3rd time this month.” “its been 3 weeks and im back again.” “Dropped my shit in the shower AGAIN!”

If you believe the comments, about half the video’s 45 million views come from people who bring their phone into the shower or bathtub and trust that they can play this video and everything will be fine. I encountered it for the first time earlier this year after my nephew’s phone slipped out of his pocket and into a river near our Airbnb in a tiny town in Virginia. We semi-miraculously found his phone, then brought it inside and started trying to dry it off. A moment later, one of his friends just casually suggested playing “one of those videos that gets the water out.” We put on “Sound To Remove Water From Phone Speaker ( GUARANTEED ),” and ultimately, the phone was fine.

Ever since, I’ve been trying to figure out whether these videos really work. Are all these lucky shower scrollers just the beneficiaries of phones that have become far more waterproof and rugged in recent years? Or should we stop recommending rice and start recommending “Sound To Remove Water From Phone Speaker ( GUARANTEED )”? 

«

You’re dubious? Surprise! It works – a little.

»

A smartphone’s speaker seems to be powerful enough to push air out from right next to the speaker, but not to solve problems elsewhere in the device — particularly underneath the buttons, the USB port, or the SIM card slot, which were the other most common intrusion spots.

«

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Cameo went from $1bn unicorn with major investors to a $600,000 court settlement it can’t afford to pay • Yahoo Finance

Paulo Confino:

»

In March 2021, Cameo was flying high, with a soaring valuation of $1bn on the back of a $100m Series C funding round. Major investors like SoftBank, Google Ventures, Kleiner Perkins, and even skateboarding legend Tony Hawk all lined up.

Cameo pitched itself as an alternative to talent agencies and managers that could help celebrities connect with their fans directly, while cashing in on their fame.

“We exist in an entirely different world today—one in which talent actually want to connect more deeply with their fans, and fans expect unprecedented access to the talent they admire most,” Cameo CEO Steven Galanis wrote in a blog post after the Series C round. “This funding will help us create the access and connections that will define the future of the ‘connection economy’ on a global scale.”

However, by March of this year Cameo’s Series D resulted in a cramdown round—a type of financing for troubled companies—that saw its valuation plummet 90%. Cameo managed to raise $28m at a valuation under $100m.

The recent settlement [with 30 US states, where it was fined $600k but couldn’t pay it] stemmed from one of Cameo’s new ventures called Cameo Business that gave celebrities on the platform the chance to endorse products and business, not just send personal messages. Videos on this part of the platform failed to properly disclose that they were paid endorsements, according to the settlement agreement. The settlement accused Cameo of doing little to ensure that celebrities using the platform to promote certain products were following all the requisite rules, according to Randi Singer, a partner at law firm Sidley Austin’s commercial litigation practice.

“It doesn’t appear that Cameo had any guidelines or guardrails in place with respect to endorsements,” she told Fortune in an email. “Brands’ requests were limited only by the terms of service and community guidelines and the celebrity’s own discretion.”

«

This incredible tale of hubris came to my notice via the excellent The Rest Is Entertainment podcast, which has much more about it: how a lockdown darling became a “remember that?” app.

But who gives those people $28m when they’re clearly in a downward spiral? Venture capitalists are patron saints of the sunk cost fallacy.
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Stolen iPhone. I survived • David G.W. Birch

David Birch:

»

In the UK, mobile phone theft is more than a nuisance. Reported mobile phone thefts grew by a third in the year to January 2024 and losses from mobile banking fraud increased by 17% to £19m in H1 of 2023, the highest recorded total, with average losses per customer of £2,314. A mobile phone is reported stolen in London every six minutes.

The theft hot spot is Westminster, where almost a third of the thefts occur. In fact, that’s where mine was stolen. To cut a long story short, I got distracted by woman begging in a coffee shop. She was pestering my colleague and we were telling her to go away. She was waving around some papers. When she left, I realised my phone was gone. She had covered the phone with the papers and snatched it. I ran out of the door and saw her going down the street so I ran after her but she got into the back seat of a waiting car that drove off. There was nothing more I could do than memorise the registration number and go back to the coffee shop.

Back at the table I used my colleague’s phone to call the police and report the theft. Interestingly, the manager of the coffee shop asked me for the crime number given to me by the police, because these crimes happen so often that they send the crime number to their head office which then sends the CCTV from inside the store to the police!

While I was talking to the police, I used my laptop to log in to iCloud to locate the phone and set it to erase. The criminals had turned the phone off to prevent tracking, of course, but I immediately changed my iCloud password so they wouldn’t be able to log in when they turned the phone back on again. I then called my mobile operator to block the number. I also called my bank to block mobile banking.

…What worried me more than the criminals getting into my money (after all, since I had not authorised the transactions, the bank would have to refund me) was them getting into my identity. Money is fungible and recoverable, reputation is non-fungible and non-recoverable. I was panicking slightly because I had remembered that my photos included more than one picture of my passport and my driving licence (and, indeed, me holding a copy of my passport up next to my face because of some dumb onboarding procedure) and therefore my whole identity.

Why? Well, because of a variety of financial services that, lacking any working digital identity infrastructure, require you send valuable personally-identifiable information instead! With the last couple of months I’d sent these pictures to a couple of banks, to Google and to others.

«

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Apple to upgrade base Macs to 16GB RAM, starting from Apple M4 models: report • Business Standard

Harsh Shivam:

»

Apple is reportedly planning to enhance its next-generation Mac models with significant performance improvements, featuring M4 chips and increased memory. According to a Bloomberg report, Mac devices powered by the M4 chip are expected to come with a minimum of 16GB RAM, a notable upgrade from the base 8GB RAM in current M3 models.

The report indicates that Apple has commenced intensive testing of four new Mac models to ensure compatibility with third-party applications. These models are listed as “16,1,” “16,2,” “16,3,” and “16,10” in the developer test log. While all four models are likely to be powered by the base-level M4 chip, they are expected to feature either 16GB or 32GB RAM. If accurate, 16GB RAM will be standard on M4-powered Macs, compared to the 8GB on previous generation models. Additionally, M4-powered Macs could support up to 32GB of memory, an increase from the 24GB supported by M3 models.

«

The expectation is that this bump in RAM is to cater for the Apple Intelligence – aka LLM – processing, which is quite RAM-hungry. Apple has held back from increasing RAM for years and years because it hates spending money where it could get the buyer to pay for a necessary upgrade. But if the Intelligence function just wouldn’t work with 8GB, it has no choice.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Researchers think they have identified five areas around the world where people live longer than anywhere else. But it’s a mirage. CC-licensed photo by WabbitWanderer on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 10 links for you. Not getting any younger. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Gannett is shuttering site accused of publishing AI product reviews • The Verge

Mia Sato:

»

Newspaper giant Gannett is shutting down Reviewed, its product reviews site, effective November 1st, according to sources familiar with the decision. The site offers recommendations for products ranging from shoes to home appliances and employs journalists to test and review items — but has also been at the center of questions around whether its work is actually produced by humans.

“After careful consideration and evaluation of our Reviewed business, we have decided to close the operation. We extend our sincere gratitude to our employees who have provided consumers with trusted product reviews,” Reviewed spokesperson Lark-Marie Antón told The Verge in an email.

But the site more recently has been the subject of scrutiny, at times by its own unionized employees. Last October, Reviewed staff publicly accused Gannett of publishing AI-generated product reviews on the site. The articles in question were written in a strange, stilted manner, and staff found that the authors the articles were attributed to didn’t seem to exist on LinkedIn and other platforms. Some questioned whether they were real at all. In response to questions, Gannett said the articles were produced by a third-party marketing company called AdVon Commerce and that the original reviews didn’t include proper disclosure. But Gannett denied that AI was involved.

…But an investigation by The Verge into AdVon showed that the company has spammed the web with marketing content, some of which former employees say was indeed AI-generated. Ben Faw, CEO and cofounder of AdVon, has for years used his connections in media to land contracts with news outlets, often setting up elaborate marketing schemes to enrich himself.

AdVon’s marketing content appeared everywhere from small blogs to outlets like Us Weekly and the Los Angeles Times. In response to The Verge’s reporting, Faw said in an emailed statement that the company “generate[s] affiliate revenue which publishers use to fund newsroom operations and salaries.” He also said AdVon offers “human-only, AI-enhanced, and hybrid solutions” to customers hiring the firm.

Antón didn’t offer a reason for shutting down Reviewed.

«

Ever so suspicious, particularly because review sites with affiliate links are one of the few remaining certain ways to make money from content.
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An experiment in lust, regret and kissing • The New York Times

Curtis Sittenfeld (who is the author of seven novels):

»

This summer, I agreed to a literary experiment with Times Opinion: What is the difference between a story written by a human and a story written by artificial intelligence?

We decided to hold a contest between ChatGPT and me, to see who could write — or “write” — a better beach read. I thought going head-to-head with the machine would give us real answers about what A.I. is and isn’t currently capable of and, of course, how big a threat it is to human writers. And if you’ve wondered, as I have, what exactly makes something a beach read — frothy themes or sand under your feet? — we set out to get to the bottom of that, too.

First, we asked readers to vote on which themes they wanted in their ideal beach read. We also included some options that are staples of my fiction, including privilege, self-consciousness and ambivalence. ChatGPT and I would then work using the top vote-getters.

Lust, regret and kissing won, in that order. Readers also wrote in suggestions. They wanted beach reads about naps and redemption and tattoos gone wrong; puppies and sharks and secrets and white linen caftans; margaritas and roller coasters and mosquitoes; yearning and bonfires and women serious about their vocations. At least 10 readers suggested variations on making the characters middle-aged. One reader wrote, “We tend to equate summer with kids,” and suggested I explore “Why does summer still feel special for older people?”

So I added middle-age and another write-in, flip-flops — because it seemed fun, easy and, yes, summery — to the list and got to work on a 1,000-word story.

«

There are two stories, nice and short: see if you can figure out which is the result of human labour, and which the result of gulping down and regurgitating The Internet.
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Arrest of Pavel Durov, Telegram founder, is part of broad investigation in France • The New York Times

Aurelien Breeden, Adam Satariano and Paul Mozur:

»

Laure Beccuau, the Paris prosecutor, said in a statement that the arrest was part of an investigation opened on July 8 “against person unnamed” on a raft of potential charges, including complicity in the distribution of child pornography and selling of drugs, money laundering, and a refusal to cooperate with law enforcement.

The investigation is being handled by cybercrime and anti-fraud specialists, Ms. Beccuau said. “It is within this procedural framework that Pavel Durov was questioned by the investigators,” she said.
It was unclear whether any of the charges listed by Ms. Beccuau would be held against Mr. Durov.

In France, complex criminal cases are handled by special magistrates who have broad investigative powers and can place defendants under formal investigation, charging them when they believe the evidence warrants it.

But the magistrates can later drop charges if they do not think evidence is sufficient to proceed to trial, and cases can take years.

Mr. Durov’s arrest has become a point of contention in the debate about free speech on the internet. President Emmanuel Macron of France on Monday dismissed accusations from supporters of Telegram that the arrest was an example of government censorship.

“The arrest of the president of Telegram on French soil took place as part of an ongoing judicial investigation,” Mr. Macron said in a statement posted on X. “It is in no way a political decision. It is up to the judges to rule on the matter.”

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The “blue zone” distraction • Cremieux Recueil

Cremieux:

»

One major distraction for life extension advocates is geographical peculiarity. That is, regions of the globe that supposedly contain lots and lots of extremely old people, making those regions worthy of study to figure out precisely what allows them to harbor so many of the world’s longest lived individuals. The most notably peculiar geographical regions are known as blue zones. [They’re in Loma Linda in the US, Nicoya in Costa Rica, Sardinia in Italy, Icaria in Greece and Okinawa in Japan.]

When the discover of the five blue zones—Dan Buettner—was developing the case that they were worthy of special scholarly attention, he claimed they showed the oldest people were:

• Remarkably inactive. They didn’t tend to be heavy exercisers, or even to exercise at all. Instead, these people tended to garden, knead dough, and use tools, because movement was a part of their daily lives rather than something they sought out.
• Ritualistic. Blue zone inhabitants pray, they venerate their ancestors, they take siestas, and they drink at happy hours, regularly, to reduce the stresses of life.
• Purposive. Blue zone inhabitants supposedly live more meaningful lives and know what their goals for living are.
• Winos. Well, not exactly winos, but they apparently tend to drink wine or a bit of other alcohol regularly.
• Plant-based. Apparently 95% of 100-year-olds eat only plant-based diets, with a heavy emphasis on being bean-based. It never was clarified if this is why they lived so long or a consequence of being so old, but that’s neither here nor there.
• Thin eaters. The oldest old create strategies to preclude themselves from gorging on food and drink, and in the blue zones, people eat large breakfasts, smaller lunches, and minuscule dinners.
• Lovers. Centenarians supposedly put a lot of work into their relationships and their kids often regard them as sources of wisdom to be kept in their lives.
• Community-oriented. Blue zone inhabitants tend to live in faith-based communities and their religiosity is supposedly part of their exceptionally long lives.
• Selective. Blue zone inhabitants cut unhealthy people out of their lives and curate healthy social circles filled with individuals who are unlikely to get them to do unhealthy things—they like thin, non-smoking, limited-drinking, socially connected, and happy people.

So there we have it: Buettner looked at blue zones, found things that made them unique, and now we’re all going to be able to live another three decades, right?

The problem is that blue zones are fake.

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Why? Typically because recordkeeping was terrible – but also because there are perverse (financial) incentives to keep someone old “alive”, even if they’re not actually breathing any more.
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Experts puzzled as Finland pine trees die off • Agence France-Presse via MUSER PRESS

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Staggering numbers of dead pine trees have been reported in southern Finland this summer, with researchers linking the phenomenon to climate change, they told AFP on Friday.

Over 1,350 patches of dead pine trees have been reported in southwestern Finland since April, when researchers started collecting observations from the public.

“Every day we receive more in our mapping service,” Turku University geography professor Risto Kalliola told AFP.

He described the phenomenon as a “local mass-death of patches of pine trees”.

Most affected were rocky coastal areas with barren soil easily exposed to drought, he said.

Browned groups of dead pines suddenly started to appear along Finland’s southern coast a few years ago, and researchers are now trying to find out the cause of the phenomenon.

“Something is happening in our nature and we have to take it seriously,” Kalliola said.

Similar deaths of pine trees have also occurred in other northern European countries, including neighbouring Sweden.

“What is new in Finland is that this phenomenon has quite recently begun to be common,” he said.

He believed several factors could be causing the local die-offs, such as insect pests and fungal diseases — all exacerbated by global warming.

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The foreign pro-Trump fake news industry has pivoted to American patriotism • Forbes

Emily Baker-White:

»

The idea of America is big business on Facebook. The social network has hosted more than a hundred pages that have adopted American patriotism as a theme, boasting names like Proud American, Proud To Be An American, American Story, and We Are America.

But a large swath of those pages — despite their names — aren’t American at all. Instead, they’re run by foreign click farmers, many of whom are based in Macedonia, who use AI to pump out a near-endless ocean of clickbaity soup. Posts sharing prayers for American soldiers, rewritten tweets, memes and pictures of old Hollywood pin-up girls link out to AI-generated articles, against which the click farmers can sell advertising.

Headlines like “Dedicated Firefighters Risk Their Lives To Save Others” and “A Father’s Heroism: The Tragic Story of Phil Dellegrazie And His Son Anthony” tease short, uninformative articles on websites plastered with often sexual advertisements. The pages promoting them fake Americanness because they get paid every time someone clicks on one of their links, and in the advertising world, American clicks are some of the most valuable.

A Forbes review identified 67 Facebook pages — now taken down — that identified themselves as champions of American news, culture or identity, but were actually based overseas. As of August 20, they had more than 9 million followers combined — more than the Facebook pages of the Wall Street Journal or the Washington Post. Thirty-three of them were run from Macedonia, with others spread out across 23 different countries, including Canada, France, Morocco, Venezuela and Vietnam.

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Ah, it’s 2016 again. Will the clickbait/ads scheme ever fall out of favour?
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Apple event announced for September 9: “It’s Glowtime” • MacRumors

Juli Clover:

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Apple today announced plans to hold its annual iPhone-centric event on Monday, September 9 at the Apple Park campus in Cupertino, California. The event is set to start at 10:00 a.m., and select members of the media have been invited to attend.

This year’s event will see Apple unveil the iPhone 16 lineup, new Apple Watch models, and the AirPods 4, plus we’ll get official launch dates for iOS 18, macOS Sequoia, and Apple’s other software updates.
All four of the new iPhones are expected to have the customizable Action Button and a new Capture Button for taking photos that will have built-in gestures, such as a swipe for zooming in and out or a soft press for autofocus. The Capture Button will be on the right side of the devices below the power button.

Apple is also adding an A18 chip to all models, so the entire iPhone 16 lineup will be capable of supporting the Apple Intelligence features that are coming in iOS 18 . No other major new features are expected for the standard iPhone 16 models, but the Pro lineup will get an increase in display size, going from 6.1 and 6.7 inches to 6.3 and 6.9 inches, respectively, for the Pro and Pro Max. Both models will also include the 5x Telephoto zoom option that was exclusive to the Pro Max last year.

For the Apple Watch, the standard Series 10 is expected to feature a thinner design with a larger display, but the change won’t be radical. Apple also plans to refresh the Apple Watch SE and the Apple Watch Ultra, and we could see new health features such as sleep apnea detection and blood pressure monitoring, but it is not yet entirely clear if Apple will have them ready in time for this year’s launch.

There are two models of the AirPods 4 coming, one that’s a direct successor to the current AirPods 3 and one that’s a step up with support for Active Noise Cancellation at a non-Pro price.

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There was only one mystery about this: why on the Monday? Apple almost always holds these events on Tuesdays – giving it time to get everything sorted the day before – or, if there’s a holiday on the Monday, on the Wednesday.

And the answer: the presidential debate is on Tuesday September 10. Even Apple can’t overwhelm that.
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Scientific fraud solutions: should research misconduct be illegal? • Vox

Kelsey Piper:

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You probably haven’t heard of cardiologist Don Poldermans, but experts who study scientific misconduct believe that thousands of people may be dead because of him.

Poldermans was a prolific medical researcher at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands, where he analyzed the standards of care for cardiac surgery, publishing a series of definitive studies from 1999 until the early 2010s.

One crucial question he studied: Should you give patients a beta blocker, which lowers blood pressure, before certain heart surgeries? Poldermans’s research said yes. European medical guidelines (and to a lesser extent US guidelines) recommended it accordingly.

The problem? Poldermans’s data was reportedly fake. A 2012 inquiry by Erasmus Medical School, his employer, into allegations of misconduct found that he “used patient data without written permission, used fictitious data and… submitted to conferences [reports] which included knowingly unreliable data.” Poldermans admitted the allegations and apologized, while stressing that the use of fictitious data was accidental.

After the revelations, a new meta-analysis was published in 2014, evaluating whether to use beta blockers before cardiac surgery. It found that a course of beta blockers made it 27% more likely that someone would die within 30 days of their heart surgery. That is, the policy which Poldermans had recommended using falsified data, adopted in Europe on the basis of his research, was actually dramatically increasing the odds people would die in heart surgery.

Tens of millions of heart surgeries were conducted across the US and Europe during the years from 2009 to 2013 when those misguided guidelines were in place. One provocative analysis from cardiologists Graham Cole and Darrel Francis estimated that there were 800,000 deaths compared to if the best practices had been established five years sooner. While that exact number is hotly contested, a 27% increase in mortality for a common procedure for years on end can add up to an extraordinary death toll.

I learned about the Poldermans case when I reached out to some scientific misconduct researchers, asking them a provocative question: Should scientific fraud be prosecuted?

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It’s a big question, but the shocking thing is to look at the link to the European medical guidelines. Their lead author is.. Poldermans. So the question of “why didn’t they look for replication?” is easily answered: the lead author would say it wasn’t needed.
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Exactly how valuable is 100 million views? • Posting Nexus

Julia Alexander:

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YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and X all define a “view” differently. A view on YouTube consists of at least 30 seconds watched. Three seconds is considered a view on Instagram compared to one second for TikTok. X is my favorite: a view is two seconds of a video watched when the video takes up half the screen.

Let me paint that picture for you even more. If you’re scrolling through X and there’s a video playing above a tweet you take a second to read — even if you’re not playing the video above and so long as it takes up half the screen — it’s a view. Even digital creators who spend their time hyperfixating on these metrics think it’s hilarious.

Jimmy “Mr. Beast” Donaldson posted a re-cut version of his “$1 vs $1,000,000 car” YouTube video and posted it on X to see how it would perform. It was then run as an ad — not by Donaldson’s team — to inflate views as an example of how powerful X can be for video. Donaldson posted what he earned from the video, noting it had generated more than $260,000 based on views. If you’re an advertiser, does the fact that Donaldson received 20 million views on a video that most people scrolled past constitute the same value as a video being sought out on YouTube or actually being engaged with on TikTok?

 How do you create a 1:1 benchmark in this world? What is actually popular?

All social platforms use different machine learning algorithmic tools that impact the types of content that travel. Primetime slots in broadcast are replaced with prioritized feed placement for an additional fee. These primetime slots that also existed within one unified ecosystem with limited access points are also replaced with platforms being consumed on different devices at different times and surfaced based on perceived individual user interest.

This makes it nearly impossible to benchmark views across multiple platforms; that’s a problem when the internet is defined by its decentralized media approach. It’s also what makes it difficult for someone like Trump to boast about his appearance on Theo Von or Logan Paul’s podcast on YouTube, which is made explicitly clear when Variety and Bloomberg are writing ratings stories about the RNC and DNC instead of his interview with Elon. 

Does any of this really matter is a question hanging over our entire world these days.

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Why do we find it so hard to accept coincidences for what they are? • FT

Jemima Kelly on what seems to us the strangely coincidental deaths of Mike Lynch and co-defendant Stephen Chamberlain:

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what makes it so hard to get our heads around the idea that some things are really just a coincidence?  

Further, what do we even mean by the term? I like the definition offered by mathematicians Persi Diaconis and Frederick Mosteller in their 1989 paper, “Methods for Studying Coincidences”, namely “a surprising concurrence of events, perceived as meaningfully related, with no apparent causal connection”.

That we should be astonished when coincidences do happen is understandable, even reasonable. After all, every coincidence that occurs is, by its very nature, highly improbable. But that some coincidences occur is not just highly likely; it is inevitable. We might like to imagine that we all have control over our lives and what goes on around us, but in reality we live in a complex, messy, often inexplicable world in which chance plays a huge role.

“Everything that happens is incredibly unlikely, and the most unlikely thing of all is to be born,” David Spiegelhalter, emeritus professor of statistics at the University of Cambridge, tells me.

“The sequence of occurrences that led to your existence is so bizarrely implausible — any little whisker of change and you wouldn’t be you,” Spiegelhalter says. “With the uncountable ways in which your parents’ chromosomes can combine, if you were conceived an hour later you could be a very different person. We are each a product of a unique sequence of unrepeatable events.”

As we know from Diaconis and Mosteller’s definition, though, what makes a coincidence is something that is “meaningfully related”. So while our very existence might be vastly more unlikely than the close-together deaths of Lynch and Chamberlain, we don’t consider ourselves to be walking coincidences.

But when we do notice a set of circumstances that seem both highly unlikely and related in some way that we consider significant, our tendency is to look for causation. When the exact same numbers were drawn two weeks in a row in Bulgaria’s national lottery back in 2009, authorities ordered an investigation, suspecting manipulation, but they came up with nothing. A mathematician put the odds of this happening at one in four million — highly improbable, but at some point, such coincidences will inevitably occur.

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Finding connections, and causality, between events is what marks intelligence in creatures; humans do it best of all. But we also overdo it because we find that instinct almost impossible to turn off.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The number of times you see a flurry of insects around a night light is dwindling, as they do. CC-licensed photo by Enoch Leung on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

A selection of 9 links for you. Flying past. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Russian lawmakers hit back at arrest of Telegram chief Pavel Durov in France • FT

Hannah Murphy, Anastasia Stognei and Adrienne Klasa:

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Russian lawmakers have hit back at the arrest of Telegram chief executive Pavel Durov in France for failing to adequately moderate criminal activity on his messaging platform.

The Russia-born billionaire was arrested at the Paris-Le Bourget airport when he arrived in the country on his private jet from Azerbaijan on Saturday evening, according to French broadcaster TF1 and news agency AFP. 

The deputy speaker of the state Duma, Vladislav Davankov, said he had called on Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov to secure Durov’s release. “The arrest of [Durov] could have political motives and be a means of obtaining the personal data of Telegram users. We must not allow this,” he said on his Telegram channel.

Andrey Klishas, head of Russia’s Federation Council Committee on Constitutional Law, described France’s actions as a “fight for freedom of speech and European values” in a sarcastic post on his Telegram channel.

Durov had a warrant out for his arrest in France after authorities in the country began a preliminary investigation into whether a lack of moderation on the Dubai-headquartered platform had facilitated illegal activity including terrorism, drug peddling, money laundering, fraud and child exploitation, according to reports. He is expected to appear in court on Sunday. 

The Paris prosecutor’s office confirmed there was an active investigation into Durov, but would not comment further. The interior ministry and the police declined to comment.

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The big question being whether Telegram is compromised, either before or as a result of this. Intriguing that Durov now has duel French-Emirati citizenship but the Russian embassy wants to talk to him.
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Where have all the insects gone? • FT

Manuela Saragosa:

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beyond a niggling sense that there are fewer of them about, where is the definitive evidence that insects overall are in decline? Whenever a big report has come out, there has been blowback. In 2017, a German study found that the volume of insects — rather clinically referred to as “biomass” — had dropped more than 75% over a period of 27 years from 1989 to 2016. That prompted headlines around the world of an “insect apocalypse”.

But critics were sceptical: the fall could be explained away by a disproportionate loss of just a few heavy insect species. The survey had succumbed to bias, they argued; scientists had sampled areas where there had been large numbers of insects to start with, and don’t larger-than-average insect populations fluctuate more than smaller ones anyway? 

In 2019, those data biases were addressed in another study. Hundreds of German forests and grasslands were surveyed over 10 years, from 2008 to 2017. Its conclusion was equally alarming. The biomass of arthropods, a classification that includes insects, spiders and any animal with an outer skeletal cover, was down by over two-thirds. The number of species had dropped by a third. 

A global study followed in 2020, a meta-analysis encompassing long-term data sets of insect populations, including those that had found increases. It concluded that terrestrial insects were declining at a rate of 9% per decade but noted increases in freshwater insects. That clashed with an earlier meta-analysis that warned of the “extinction of 40% of the world’s insect species over the next few decades”. Cue more headlines about “insectaggedon” and the collapse of nature.

You get the picture: scientists agree there’s trouble in the insect world. They just can’t agree exactly how much trouble. Uncertainty is a difficult message to convey to the public. There is a “great parallel with climate change”, said Simon Potts, professor of biodiversity at the University of Reading, in his evidence to MPs for March’s parliamentary report on UK insect declines, published this year. “One of the risks is that [it] . . . can place the question in the public’s mind, ‘If the scientists cannot quite agree on this, who do we believe?’” 

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So there is a problem, but we have not got the least idea what to do about it. This isn’t good.
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The point of a dashboard isn’t to use a dashboard • Terence Eden’s Blog

Terence Eden:

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Every so often, an employer asks me to help make a dashboard.

Usually, this causes technologists to roll their eyes. They have a vision of a CEO grandly staring at a giant projection screen, watching the pretty graphs go up and down, and making real-time decisions about Serious Business. Ugh! What a waste of time!

The thing is – that’s not what a dashboard is for. And that’s generally not why a CEO wants it.

A dashboard shows that you have access to your data. And that is a huge deal.

If you are able to successfully build a dashboard, that means you have demonstrated that you have the ability to get:
• Live data
• Historic data
• Comparative metrics
• Access to multiple databases
• External data sources
• …and a dozen more things.

Most data are locked away. Either in Excel sheets, or behind a dozen different logins for a dozen different systems – none of which can talk to each other. The data (if they are even kept at all) are each in a different format and mildly incompatible with each other.

A dashboard isn’t there to be used. It is there to prove that the data are easily accessible, comparable, and trackable. Only once that is done can they be actionable.

Trapped data is useless data.

It’s the same reason that some people launch Twitter-bots at hackathons (myself included!). Is there any great skill in making a data feed push a snippet of text to an API? Of course not – it’s trivial! But it is a reasonably powerful statement that a novice can gain access to several different data sources in an afternoon and do something – anything – with them.

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To give a recent example, the UK’s Covid dashboard was incredibly useful (for serious scientists even if also, sigh, conspiracy theorists) but also demonstrated that someone had a handle on this data.
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Where shorthand note-taking refuses to die • FT

Andrew Hill:

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In this nightmare, I am in an exam hall in southern Poland competing with professional speed-writers working in 11 different languages. We are three and a half minutes into a verbatim report of a 15-minute speech, read at an accelerating pace, about the UN World Population Plan of Action, and my shaky shorthand is starting to fall apart.

This is no bad dream, however. It is the “speech capturing” competition of the 54th congress of Intersteno, a non-profit that organises a biennial Olympiad of speed-writing. I am in Katowice to try out the note-taking skills I learnt as a trainee journalist against the world’s finest. It is the first official test of my speed since I passed my journalism exams in 1987 at 100 words per minute.

The contest takes place on the same day England are set to meet Spain in the final of the men’s Euros. “Is shorthand coming home?” one of the friends who trained as a journalist jokes on our Class of 87 WhatsApp group. Downing my pen with more than 10 minutes to go, I know it is not.

…When I put down my pen in defeat that Sunday, [Erika] Vicai and [Zsuzsánna] Ferenc were still scribbling and so, it seemed, were most of the pen-shorthand writers in the competition. In the background, as I started laboriously trying to interpret the squiggles and dots of my notes, I could hear the sound of dozens of machine-writers pouring the speech into their keyboards, like a soft but intense rainfall.

To make the leaderboard at all, I needed to transcribe at least three minutes of the speech, with a minimum number of errors, a result recorded as C3. Anyone with the skill and stamina to transcribe a near-flawless 15 minutes, including the final seconds when the speaker was gabbling like a fast-forwarded cartoon character, would score A15. Having abandoned the dream of a podium finish, C3 was my new gold.

When the results came out a couple of days later, Vicai had taken gold at A13 and 415 syllables a minute, beating Ferenc into second. There seemed to be hope for written shorthand, at least outside the Anglosphere. Four Hungarians, four Germans, two Austrians and a Finn qualified. And one Brit. Twelfth out of 13 competitors, I had clung on to hit C4, one minute longer than I had dared to hope.

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On five ludicrous years • E.W. Niedermeyer

Edward Niedermeyer:

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At this precise moment, EV hype hit high gear, Tesla began producing its most mainstream model yet, the Model Y crossover, and the entire auto industry went into undersupply for the first time in living memory. Suddenly, not only was Tesla’s stock screaming, but it was growing faster and making bigger profits than anyone could have imagined. If you just looked at the numbers, it looked like Tesla’s core business fundamentals were beyond reproach. The central critique of [Niedermeyer’s 2019 book] Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors, which questioned Tesla’s ability to operate profitably at mass scale, seemed to be blown apart as the firm approached 2 million annual sales.

And yet, now, in 2024, things look quite different. Having failed to reinvest in its products in order to show big profits, and its aging lineup assailed on all sides by a flood of competition, Tesla’s sales and profit margins are now a long way from the “hypergrowth” fans and investors have come to expect. Tesla’s only new product, the polarizing Cybertruck, is light years from the kind of mass appeal that helped launch the brand. Worse, rather than investing its alleged $30bn in cash in entirely new products, particularly low-cost models that would expand the market, Tesla appears to be betting that updates to the current lineup will do the trick… even as sales numbers suggest they won’t.

Not only is Tesla once again looking like a company whose lack of focus and discipline makes it unable to compete at mass scale and lower prices now that the perfect storm that fueled it through COVID has receded, the “dream factory” of fraud is now eclipsing its very real automotive accomplishments. With federal fraud investigations into the still-undelivered “Full Self-Driving” ongoing, Musk continues to double down on AI and robotics, variously promising to “solve real-world AI,” and create a race of mechanical slaves that will lead us into a techno-economic utopia. Musk himself now claims that Tesla’s value as an automaker is “basically zero,” and that his promise of high-tech miracles to come is the reason to invest from here on out.

Here, after the fever dream of the last five years, are those two same dynamics that define Tesla’s story: the inability to operate sustainably as a real automaker at scale, and the pattern of hype and fraud that started small but now towers over Tesla the car company.

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We got a judge to unseal a list of X’s shareholders • Jacob Silverman

Jacob Silverman:

»

The case in which we intervened, Anoke v. Twitter, is just one of many X-related civil suits wending their way through the courts — from the four fired executives suing for $128m to lower level employees who didn’t receive promised severance or claim that they were forced to break laws to fulfill Musk’s mercurial edicts (turn Twitter HQ into an employee hotel, mount a giant blazing X on the roof without permits, etc). In a previous post, I wrote about a list of names subpoenaed in one of these cases, Arnold v. X Corp, which helped reveal who was on Musk’s Twitter transition team and which Tesla engineers he drafted for his crash assessment of Twitter’s code base. (RCFP also filed on my behalf to unseal a shareholder list filed under seal in another civil case, McMillian v. Twitter.)

Not only does Musk owe a lot of money to his creditors, but he’s knee-deep in litigation that one might argue would never have been necessary had he abided by existing legal agreements, contracts, and labor law. Yes, it can save money in the short-term to stiff your landlord and cloud provider, or to forego state law-mandated severance payments. But it creates a lot of billable hours for lawyers and expensive potential settlements, along with the threat of regulatory enforcement. (As for reputational damage, Musk doesn’t seem to care.)

Musk, who decries lawfare, has aggressively pursued his own brand of it — from financing Gina Carano’s lawsuit against Disney to suing the National Labor Relations Board when it began an enforcement process against SpaceX for firing eight engineers who signed a letter criticizing Musk’s sexism. And there’s much more. “Musk and his companies have filed at least 23 lawsuits in federal courts alone since July of 2023,” according to Fortune.

With so many lawsuits before him, it’s almost inevitable that X’s lawyers would have to file sensitive company information with a court. Litigants have asked for a shareholder disclosure list to see if the judge has any conflict of interest and to see which entities might be impacted by an adverse ruling against X. Whenever possible, they seek to filed this information under seal to prevent its dissemination.

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The list includes venture capitalists, a UAE-based VC, the Qatari government, a Saudi prince.. quite the list.
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Inside Elon Musk’s chaotic revamp of Twitter Blue • The New York Times

Ryan Mac and Kate Conger:

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the absurdity of being asked to launch [Twitter Blue] built to Mr. Musk’s specifications in less than two weeks, amid widespread layoffs, was not lost on her. In one meeting, [Esther Crawford, the rapidly promoted director of product management] presented her team with customized mugs that wouldn’t have been out of place at a tech-themed Bed Bath & Beyond. “Chance made us co-workers, crazy psycho [expletive] made us Tweeps,” read the mugs’ inscription.

Ms. Crawford and her team tried to develop safeguards. On Oct. 31, they presented options to Mr. Musk and his retinue of investors and friends. In one version of the system, there would be two badges: People who were already verified would keep their blue badges, while those who paid for the subscription program would get a different badge, this one in white.

To illustrate the differences, they created mock-ups of two tweets. One, from the legacy verified @JoeBiden account, advised people to vote. The other, from the Blue-subscribed @JoeB1den account, which replaced the “i” with a “1,” tweeted that it was “starting nuclear war with Russia.” Besides the slight change in spelling, the two accounts could be distinguished by their colored badges.
The attempt to make clearer distinctions between legacy and paid verified users, however, was not embraced by Mr. Musk’s friends. It “feels like a second-class citizen,” David Sacks, a venture capitalist who was assisting with the takeover, wrote in an email seen by The New York Times, adding that it would “disincentivize purchase.” Eventually, Mr. Musk vetoed the move.

…Mr. Musk had largely come to peace with a price of $100 a year for Blue. But during one meeting to discuss pricing, his top assistant, Jehn Balajadia, felt compelled to speak up.

“There’s a lot of people who can’t even buy gas right now,” she said, according to two people in attendance. It was hard to see how any of those people would pony up $100 on the spot for a social media status symbol.

Mr. Musk paused to think. “You know, like, what do people pay for Starbucks?” he asked. “Like $8?”

Before anyone could raise objections, he whipped out his phone to set his word in stone.
“Twitter’s current lords & peasants system for who has or doesn’t have a blue checkmark is bullshit,” he tweeted on Nov. 1. “Power to the people! Blue for $8/month.”

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(Mac and Conger are the co-authors of “Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter,” from which this article is adapted.)
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Hacker dad who faked death to avoid child support sentenced to prison • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

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A Kentucky man has been sentenced to nearly seven years in prison after hacking into state registries to fake his own death, in hopes of avoiding about $116,000 in child support payments.

In a press release, the US Attorney’s Office wrote that Jesse Kipf, 39, was sentenced for charges including computer fraud and aggravated identity theft. On top of hacking state death registries in Arizona, Hawaii, and Vermont, Kipf also “hacked into private businesses and attempted to sell access to networks on the dark web” and stole identities of real people to open two credit accounts.

Now, Kipf has agreed to pay $195,758.65 in damages, including the child support owed to his ex-wife and nearly $80,000 to repair damage to the state death registries.

Carlton S. Shier IV, the US attorney for the Eastern District of Kentucky, said that Kipf’s “scheme was a cynical and destructive effort, based in part on the inexcusable goal of avoiding his child support obligations.”

It’s unclear how the scheme was discovered, but it was launched in January 2023 when Kipf used “the username and password of a physician living in another state” to access the Hawaii Death Registry System and created a “case” for his fake death, the US Attorney’s Office said.

He then “assigned himself as the medical certifier for the case and certified his death, using the digital signature of the doctor,” the press release said.

After that, Kipf was registered as “a deceased person in many government databases,” the US Attorney’s office said, but he didn’t stop there. He furthered his scheme for months, hacking into registries in Arizona and Vermont, as well as “private business networks and governmental and corporate networks,” using “credentials he stole from real people.”

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Doing this is a form of making yourself invisible. Except it would make it really hard to get a bank account, or credit card, or rent a house, or get a passport. Invisibility has its drawbacks.
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Sonos app issues leave company racing to save its reputation • Bloomberg

Dave Lee:

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Taking questions [in a Reddit AMA], [Sonos CEO Patrick] Spence quickly put one issue to rest. The company wouldn’t be reverting back to the old Sonos app while the new app was being straightened out. “After doing extensive testing we’ve reluctantly concluded that re-releasing S2 would make the problems worse, not better,” he wrote. “I’m sure this is disappointing. It was disappointing to me.”

Past the point of no return, the company has said the problem would take at least $20 to m$30m to fix. The app debacle has meant slower sales of existing products, and two products that had been scheduled to launch imminently are being held back. As a result, the company reduced its top-end revenue forecast for its fiscal year to $1.5 billion from $1.7 billion. It is laying off 100 people — around 6% of its staff.

Does it stop there? Since the new app was first launched, Sonos’ stock has fallen more than 35%. Its market cap of about $1.4 billion makes it a vulnerable minnow among those that seek to compete, like Alphabet Inc.’s Google, Amazon.com Inc. or Apple Inc., all of which have invested in smart speaker products. Bose Corp., another competitor, is privately held, and there are a few other smaller players.

What all of these competitors lack, experts say, is Sonos’ expertise in multiroom setups, which is a deal-breaker for many consumers. This advantage, says Jeffries analyst Brent Thill, means that if the problems can be solved in the next couple of months, consumers will be forgiving and Sonos will be right back on track. Software meltdowns are not uncommon, Thill argues — just ask CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. or Delta Air Lines Inc. The question is how quickly Sonos can get it rectified.

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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Scientists have shown that a piece of “jelly” can learn to play Pong. Though it can’t put in the coin to start it. CC-licensed photo by Kars Alfrink on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

It’s Friday, so there’s another post due at the Social Warming Substack at about 0845 UK time. It’s about.. commenting.

A selection of 10 links for you. Use them wisely. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Microsoft’s Copilot falsely accuses court reporter of crimes he covered • The Decoder

Matthias Bastian:

»

Language models generate text based on statistical probabilities. This led to serious false accusations against a veteran court reporter by Microsoft’s Copilot.

German journalist [name omitted because why feed the mistake?] typed his name and location into Microsoft’s Copilot to see how his culture blog articles would be picked up by the chatbot, according to German public broadcaster SWR.

The answers shocked him. Copilot falsely claimed he had been charged with and convicted of child abuse and exploiting dependents. It also claimed that he had been involved in a dramatic escape from a psychiatric hospital and had exploited grieving women as an unethical mortician.

Copilot even went so far as to claim that it was “unfortunate” that someone with such a criminal past had a family and, according to SWR [German language], provided his full address with phone number and route planner.

I asked Copilot today who [the reporter] from Germany is, and the system answered, based on the SWR report, that “he was involved in a controversy where an AI chat system falsely labeled him as a convicted child molester, an escapee from a psychiatric facility, and a fraudster.” Perplexity.ai drafts a similar response based on the SWR article, explicitly naming Microsoft Copilot as the AI system.

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The problem being that this story (in its original form) is only going to make the “fed on false information” problem worse. This is why the Right To Be Forgotten actually matters: you need a way to get this junk out of the system.
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AI made of jelly ‘learns’ to play Pong — and improves with practice • Nature

:

»

A basic artificial intelligence (AI) system made of a jelly-like material hooked up to electrodes can ‘learn’ how to play the classic video game Pong and improve over time, according to a study published on Thursday.

The results are a first step towards demonstrating that synthetic materials can use a basic form of ‘memory’ to boost performance, says Brett Kagan, chief scientific officer at Cortical Labs in Melbourne, Australia. “The system demonstrates memory in a similar way that a river bed records a memory of a river,” he says.

In 2022, Kagan and his colleagues showed that a system made of neurons in a dish — known as DishBrain — can learn to play the table-tennis-like video game through electrical stimulation. Inspired by this work, Yoshikatsu Hayashi, a biomedical engineer at the University of Reading, UK, and his colleagues wondered whether a non-biological material could also master Pong.

Hayashi and his colleagues turned to hydrogels — jelly-like materials that are used for a variety of applications, such as components for soft robots — that contained charged particles called ions. When this type of hydrogel is electrically stimulated, the ions move through the material and drag water molecules along with them, causing the hydrogel to change its shape. This change in the distribution of ions influences the next set of particle arrangements, says Hayashi. “It’s like a physical memory.”

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You could also do this with.. a computer? But getting a computer to play Pong wouldn’t be anything special would it.
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Google avoids “link tax” bill with deal to fund California journalism and AI • Ars Technica

Jon Brodkin:

»

Google has agreed to fund local journalism and an artificial intelligence initiative in California as part of a deal that would reportedly result in lawmakers shelving a proposal to require Google to pay news outlets for distributing their content. But the deal’s state financing requires legislative approval as part of California’s annual budget process and is drawing criticism from some lawmakers and a union for journalists.

Governor Gavin Newsom is on board, saying that the “agreement represents a major breakthrough in ensuring the survival of newsrooms and bolstering local journalism across California—leveraging substantial tech industry resources without imposing new taxes on Californians.” The deal “will provide nearly $250 million in public and private funding over the next five years, with the majority of funding going to newsrooms,” said an announcement by Assemblymember Buffy Wicks, a Democrat.

A “News Transformation Fund” would be created with funding from the state and Google and be administered by the UC Berkeley School of Journalism. The state would contribute $30m the first year and $10m in each of the next four years, according to a summary provided to Ars by Wicks’ office.

Google would contribute $55m to the news fund over five years, consisting of $15m the first year and $10m in each of the next four years. The funds would be distributed to news organizations based on how many journalists they employ.

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Has anyone tracked whether these journalism funding initiatives involving Google and/or Facebook ever pay off? Because I suspect they don’t.
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The green economy is hungry for copper—and people are stealing, fighting, and dying to feed it • WIRED

Vince Beiser:

»

In most places, power companies are a pretty dull business. But in South Africa they are under a literal assault, targeted by heavily armed gangs that have crippled the nation’s energy infrastructure and claimed an ever-growing number of lives. Practically every day, homes across the country are plunged into darkness, train lines shut down, water supplies cut off, and hospitals forced to close, all because thieves are targeting the material that carries electricity: copper.

The battle cry of energy transition advocates is “Electrify everything.” Meaning: let’s power cars, heating systems, industrial plants, and every other type of machine with electricity rather than fossil fuels. To do that, we need copper—and lots of it. Second to silver, a rarer and far more expensive metal, copper is the best natural electrical conductor on Earth. We need it for solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicles. (A typical EV contains as much as 175 pounds [80kg] of copper.) We need it for the giant batteries that will provide power when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. We need it to massively expand and upgrade the countless miles of power cables that undergird the energy grid in practically every country. In the United States, the capacity of the electric grid will have to grow as much as threefold to meet the expected demand.

A recent report from S&P Global predicts that the amount of copper we’ll need over the next 25 years will add up to more than the human race has consumed in its entire history. “The world has never produced anywhere close to this much copper in such a short time frame,” the report notes.

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Copper has been the target of quick-buck thieves forever. And it’s not changing.
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Netflix’s Arcane and Terminator Zero anime shows leak after partner hacked • Variety

Todd Spangler:

»

Footage and clips from several unreleased Netflix anime shows, including some full episodes, have leaked online after hackers stole the content from one of the company’s post-production partners. Those include Netflix’s “Arcane” Season 2 and “Terminator Zero.”

“One of our post-production partners has been compromised and footage from several of our titles has unfortunately leaked online,” a Netflix spokesperson said in a statement to Variety. “Our team is aggressively taking action to have it taken down.”

In addition to “Arcane” S2 and “Terminator Zero,” content from other Netflix titles has appeared on X and 4Chan, according to IGN, which first reported the leaks. Those include “Dandadan,” “Ranma 1/2,” “Heartstopper” Season 3, “Jentry Chau vs. the Underworld,” and films “Plankton: The Movie” and “Spellbound.” Content from Sony’s Crunchyroll anime streamer service also was compromised in the hack, including “Re: Zero.”

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Only disappointed that they didn’t do it in proper Netflix fashion and dump the entire lot in one go.
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Peloton to ruin the secondhand market by charging a $95 “used equipment activation fee” • Engadget

Lawrence Bonk:

»

Peloton is in something of a financial rut lately, and we all know what companies do when that happens: they take it out on consumers. To that end, the exercise machine maker just announced it will be charging a $95 “used equipment activation fee” to anyone who buys one of its machines on the secondhand market, according to a report by CNBC.

The company made this announcement in its Q4 2024 shareholder letter. The fairly exorbitant fee will apply to any machine bought directly from a previous owner, meaning anything purchased via Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace or, heck, even a neighbor down the street. Without tithing $95 to the church of Peloton, the machine won’t have access to any of the classes or features the company has become known for.

The company says this activation fee is just to ensure that new members “receive the same high-quality onboarding experience Peloton is known for.” In a recent earnings call, however, a company representative was more transparent, calling the fee a “source of incremental revenue and gross profit,” according to The Verge.

Users who pay this fee will be treated to a “virtual custom fitting,” in the case of the Peloton Bike and Bike Plus. They will also receive a summary of the hardware which will illustrate exactly how much the machine was used by the original owner, just in case the seller tries that whole “I only used it once” thing. Peloton also says that these second hand buyers will get discounts on accessories like shoes, mats and spare parts. So it’s not all bad.

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It’s not all bad, no, but it isn’t optional. And that’s where it’s evidently putting the screw on the secondhand market. It’s a bit like Sonos’s move a few years ago where it locked devices to a user’s account, making it very difficult to pass them on or sell them on the secondhand market.
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About the Project • Britain From Above

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The Britain from Above website features images from the Aerofilms collection, a unique aerial photographic archive of international importance. The collection includes 1.26 million negatives and more than 2000 photograph albums. Dating from 1919 to 2006, the total collection presents an unparalleled picture of the changing face of Britain in the 20th century. It includes the largest and most significant number of air photographs of Britain taken before 1939.

The collection is varied and includes urban, suburban, rural, coastal and industrial scenes, providing important evidence for understanding and managing the built and natural environments. The collection was created by Aerofilms Ltd, a pioneering air survey company set up in 1919 by First World War veterans Francis Lewis Wills and Claude Grahame-White. In addition to Aerofilms’ own imagery, the firm expanded its holdings with the purchase of two smaller collections – AeroPictorial (1934-1960) and Airviews (1947-1991).

This very large collection of historical air photographs was bought by Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), English Heritage (EH), and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) from Blom ASA in 2007.

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Lots of fun to be had trying to find where your present residence was in 1929. (Mine was all fields, it seems.) Free registration, and free downloads for personal use.
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Looking for a man in finance? Britain’s out of towners seek a wealthy husband • POLITICO

Eleanor Myers:

»

Kylie Adamson and two of her friends from Essex, a commuter town to the east of London, sipped on rosé one early evening in mid-August as they were approached [sitting in Broadgate Circle, by Liverpool St station, at the nexus of London’s financial district] by POLITICO. Asked whether she and her friends, all in their mid-20s, had come to seek out a man in finance, she paused to think about the question. “Well, you wouldn’t want a poor boyfriend, would you?” she responded.

Her friend, Amy Dunn, agreed but was uncertain about the appeal of a man in finance because of past experiences. “I just broke up with a crypto bro,” she said. “I don’t want to hear about any of that shit anymore.” 

Another 20-something woman in a separate group, who did not want to give her name, was ordering a pink cocktail from the bar. She said Broadgate Circle is the “only place to go in central London on a Thursday,” adding that it’s better than dating apps and she wants to find a man who would help her buy a car, because she doesn’t like her car.

She, like others quoted in this article, were granted anonymity because they preferred not to openly discuss their private lives.

Sat a few tables over, one private banker, a man working at Swiss financial behemoth UBS, said he wasn’t on dating apps, adding that: “My dating app is right here,” referring to Broadgate Circle.

«

Fabulous piece of journalism: spot a social trend and write it up. Because of course they’re looking for a man in finance. But not trusting a dating app to do the work. (And definitely no crypto bros.)
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What we learned in our first year of 404 Media • 404 Media

Joseph Cox, Samantha Cole, Jason Koebler and Emanuel Maiberg:

»

For years before launching 404 Media, we watched new media companies become obsessed with wild growth and huge valuations only to crash and burn because of mismanagement, venture capital investment, private equity debt taken at terrible rates, bloated executive pay, big tech algorithm changes, ad market crashes, fancy offices in expensive neighborhoods, and bring in revolving casts of clowns to supposedly clean up the mess. 

“We propose a simple alternative,” in launching 404 Media, we wrote. “Pay journalists to do journalism. We believe it is possible to create a sustainable, profitable media company simply by doing good work, making common-sense decisions about costs, and asking our readers to support us.”

Here we are a year later, and we are very proud and humbled to report that, because of your support, 404 Media is working. Our business is sustainable, we are happy, and we aren’t going anywhere. 

…In the last year, we learned that the technical infrastructure exists now for even non-technical journalists to build a sustainable site that can receive money from subscribers. That may sound obvious on the surface, but when you run a site for investigations, and multiple podcast feeds, and send different types of newsletters to different segments of your audience throughout the week, there are several moving parts you and the tools you buy need to link together. If you are a journalist reading this thinking about going out on their own: the tech is there for you to do so with very little know-how needed, and we are happy to talk you through any questions you might have.

«

That last paragraph is reminiscent of how web developers discovered LAMP – Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl – as the free building blocks for websites about 20 years ago. It’s the “receive money from subscribers” part that really matters.

Stands in stark contrast to the self-pity of Sound & Vision yesterday. Please do support 404 Media – they deserve to thrive.
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Mike Lynch obituary • The Guardian

Martin Adeney:

»

Though quietly spoken, he had a reputation for toughness, coloured by a liking for James Bond, which led to Autonomy conference rooms being named after Bond villains, and a tank of piranha fish in reception. (Lynch claimed it belonged to one of his business partners.) Challenged about a company culture where people were “a little fanatical”, he replied: “This is not the place for you if you want to work 9 to 5 and don’t love your work.”

Born in Ilford, east London, to Michael, a firefighter, and Dolores, a nurse, and brought up in Chelmsford, Lynch won a scholarship to the independent Bancroft’s school in Woodford Green, before taking a natural sciences degree at Cambridge, where his PhD in artificial neural networks, a form of machine learning, has been widely studied since.

A saxophone player and jazz lover, he set up his first business, Lynett Systems, while still a student, to produce electronic equipment for the music industry. Later he would attribute some loss of hearing to adjusting synthesisers for bands. He quoted his own experience to highlight the difficulties of finding funding for startup businesses in Britain. He finally negotiated a £2,000 loan from one of the managers of Genesis in a Soho bar.

Lynch’s next venture came out of his research. In 1991 he founded Cambridge Neurodynamics, specialising in computer-based fingerprint recognition. Then he established Autonomy.

The pinnacle of his success appeared to come in October 2011 when Autonomy was purchased by Hewlett-Packard for $11bn and Lynch made an estimated $800m. Shortly afterwards he established a new company, Invoke Capital, for investment in tech companies, and he and his wife, Angela Bacares, whom he had married in 2001, invested about £200m in Darktrace, a cybersecurity company.

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This is not the whole of it, and of course the whole row with HP and the US government over extradition overshadowed everything afterwards. It’s a huge pity that HP’s inability to do proper due diligence, and its vindictive pursuit of whoever it could blame, ruined what turned out to be the last years of one of the UK’s most successful technologists.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The US streaming services are about to get more crowded with the arrival of.. a fast-food chain? CC-licensed photo by Mike Mozart on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 10 links for you. Spicy! I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

How the Harris campaign beat Trump at being online • The New Yorker

Kyle Chayka:

»

The Trump team has always drawn many of its ideas from the darker corners of the Internet (for one recent example, see J. D. Vance’s misogynistic obsession with “childless cat ladies”), but the emerging Harris campaign, all of a month old, has found a different kind of traction by embracing the Web’s native formats. Watching its use of popular TikTok sounds—such as Lady Gaga saying during an interview, “No sleep, bus, club, another club . . .” over a montage of Harris-Walz tour stops—feels a bit like hearing parents use their children’s high-school slang.

But it has proved remarkably effective at connecting with the app’s users. According to the Harris-Walz campaign, its TikTok team is made up of five staffers all under the age of twenty-five; the same team had been working for Joe Biden’s reëlection, but the tone since the transition has become strikingly loose.

The campaign has been responsive to what is trending day to day on the platform, creating a kind of call-and-response between itself and Harris fans. In addition to @KamalaHQ, which was renamed from @BidenHQ, the team recently made a personal account for Harris, something that Biden never maintained. Over the weekend, Walz also got his own TikTok account, launching with a very casual video alongside his rescue pooch Scout. Canine friends are a good bet on social media. (Trump, unfortunately, has been reported to suffer from “anti-dog prejudice.”)

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It’s a really interesting look at how the two campaigns are trying to engage people online. (Also: trust nobody who does not trust dogs.)
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Why car parks are the hottest space in solar power • BBC News

Chris Baraniuk:

»

There’s more than just cars and empty spaces in this car park. Huge arrays of angled solar panels sit atop jet black steel supports, soaking up the sun and shading the vehicles beneath.

Outside the offices of a major car manufacturer in the south of England, there are now more than 2,000 panels in total with a peak capacity of just under 1 megawatt (MW). That’s enough to power hundreds of homes.

“They are looking stunning,” declares Guy Chilvers, business development manager at SIG, the firm that supplied the solar canopies. These structures make car parks more visually appealing, he insists, while admitting, “I would say that”.

Solar car parks or car ports enable electricity production in open spaces that tend to be positioned conveniently near to energy-guzzling facilities such as hospitals, shopping centres or offices. The canopies have additional benefits in that they protect cars from rain and snow, or hot sun in the summer.

In a drive to boost clean energy production, the French Senate recently approved, external legislation that makes it mandatory for all existing and new car parks with 80 spaces or more to be covered by solar panels.

While there is no equivalent requirement in the UK, solar car parks have been around for years and there are signs that they are beginning to boom here. With electricity prices currently still elevated, many businesses are turning to on-site renewables to try to keep costs down in the long run.

There is a huge opportunity to turn more British car parks into solar farms, according to a new report published by the countryside charity CPRE and the UCL Energy Institute.

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Chick-Fil-A to launch its own streaming service • Deadline

Peter White:

»

Chick-Fil-A is moving aggressively into the entertainment space with plans to launch a slate of originals for its own streaming platform.

Deadline understands that the fast-food firm has been working with a number of major production companies, including some of the studios, to create family-friendly shows, particularly in the unscripted space. It is also in talks to license and acquire content.

We hear that this includes a family-friendly gameshow from Glassman Media, the company behind NBC’s The Wall, and Michael Sugar’s Sugar23, which is behind series such as Netflix’s 13 Reasons Why. Deadline understands this show has been handed a ten-episode order.

Budgets on the unscripted side are believed to be in the range of $400,000 per half-hour. Sources told us the idea is to launch later this year and there’s also talk of scripted projects and animation.

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*wearily* Why not. Why the hell not. And Netflix can start a fast food chain. Why not.
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August was Medium’s first profitable month — ever • TechCrunch

Kyle Wiggers:

»

August was online publishing platform Medium’s first profitable month — ever.

That’s according to Medium CEO Tony Stubblebine, who on Wednesday published a recap of Medium’s recent digital Medium Day 2024 conference. Stubblebine says that Medium had over a million members as of April, and that more members “than ever before” are subscribing to the company’s paid plans. (He didn’t volunteer a figure for that second claim.)

Stubblebine had previously pledged Medium would reach profitability this year.

“There’s a side story about how good engineering has saved us money on our server bills,” Stubblebine writes. “But mostly it was as simple as making something members wanted to subscribe to … Even as we cut other costs to make Medium profitable, we paid the writers more.”

Founded in 2012, Medium hosts a hybrid of blogs, newsletters and other forms of the written word. It’s been accused in the past of being a dumping ground for get-rich-quick scams and listicles. But, as Stubblebine notes in his post, the company has undertaken a number of efforts to improve its overall content mix.

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Twelve years is a looooong time for a startup to chug along not making money: lucky that Ev Williams (its founder) has an estimated net worth of a couple of billion.

Even so, hard to see it succeeding when Substack exists in the world.
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San Francisco’s nocturnal taxi ballet • The Atlantic

Charlie Warzel:

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For the past few nights, I’ve concerned myself with the private lives of autonomous vehicles.

It started when I read a news story about a San Francisco apartment complex whose residents were repeatedly awoken at 4 a.m. by honking self-driving taxis. The building overlooks an open-air parking lot that Waymo recently leased to store its vehicles. In the wee hours of the morning—between ferrying home overserved bar crawlers and picking up commuters during the morning rush hour—dozens of the autonomous white sedans fill the lot, power down, and wait to be summoned.

Sometimes, too many awaken at the same time and back up while trying to make their way to the exit, only to find the lanes clogged by their brethren. Angling for position, the taxis engage in a series of polite reversals and turns that quickly gives way to gridlock. Now hemmed in, the cars begin to negotiate their movements, each one offering a gentle horn honk to signal its presence; before long, they’re producing a symphony of toots, turn signals, and low-speed shuffling.

The spectacle was captured on video by Sophia Tung, an engineer whose home looks down on the lot. She first noticed the Waymos late last month, when they colonized the lot without warning, their ambient beeps and scoots so omnipresent that she heard them in her dreams.

Tung was mesmerized by the cars’ movements. “I found myself just staring at it for 10 minutes at a time, watching these machines figure each other out,” she told me. “It was like watching a fish tank.” Her amusement quickly turned into a side project: Tung set up a webcam and started livestreaming the view from her window, adding some chill music as a soundtrack.

…Waymo eventually caught wind of the stream and released an update to prevent the vehicles from honking.

But they still drive around in the lot.

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I founded a pioneering tech magazine. Tech killed it off • The Guardian

Michael Antonoff:

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Sound & Vision once commanded respect. Sony, Netflix, even 60 Minutes all visited the magazine’s 45th floor offices north of Times Square. Apple hand-delivered its first iPod to the magazine to get the opinion of technical editors before the company had even announced the game-changing product. I had the good fortune to jog around the Central Park Reservoir with a thousand tunes in my pocket when people were still carrying cassette players and radios.

Today’s version of the magazine is a far cry from those days. There is just one issue left. AVTech Media Ltd, a British publisher, confirmed to the Guardian on 20 August that it would shutter Sound & Vision’s print edition after the forthcoming October/November issue. The magazine’s website, which has a miniscule editorial budget compared to the print edition, will continue. The hard truth is that digital advertising has failed to live up to the revenue heights of print advertising.

…I majored in magazines at Syracuse’s journalism school. Every magazine I’ve worked for over the decades has joined the dustbin of history; I guess what I really majored in was obituary writing.

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If you’ve read the book Gone Girl, this will sound really familiar.
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Story raises $80m at $2.25bn valuation to build a blockchain for the business of content IP in the age of AI • TechCrunch

Ingrid Lunden:

»

AI giants like Anthropic, OpenAI and Stability AI have faced a lot of heat over how they’ve scraped data and rode rough-shod over others’ intellectual property when training and operating their foundational models. Now a startup called Story — which today is announcing $80m in funding — is bidding to rebalance the scales with a blockchain-based platform to help IP owners track usage more effectively.

In the words of CEO and co-founder, S.Y. Lee, the aim is to build a more “sustainable” IP ecosystem fit for the next generation of digital consumers and builders. The startup says its approach is to think of IP like Lego and use blockchain to make that possible. “Anyone can fork and remix your IP permissionlessly while you capture the upside,” Lee said in an interview with TechCrunch.

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A blockchain-based platform for AI use of IP, eh. It’s like a holy confluence of buzzwords set up to attract venture capitalists. And guess who one of the lead funders is? Yes, crypto boosters a16z.

I don’t think they’re going to see much – if any – return on their $80m.
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The discovery of “dark electrons” in solid matter • Breeze in Busan

Maru Kim:

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In a landmark discovery, Professor Geun-Su Kim and his team at Yonsei University have identified the presence of ‘dark electrons’ in solid materials, a finding that has been published in Nature Physics on July 29, 2024. This discovery has significant implications for the field of quantum physics and could provide insights into several unresolved issues, including the mechanisms behind high-temperature superconductivity.

Dark states, where electrons neither absorb nor emit light, were previously thought to be limited to isolated atoms and molecules. The prevailing belief was that such states could not exist within the structured environment of solid materials. However, this new research demonstrates that electrons can indeed exist in dark states within solids, under specific conditions.

The discovery is rooted in the phenomenon of quantum interference.

…This discovery not only challenges existing beliefs about electron behaviour in solid materials but also opens new avenues for research into quantum materials and technologies. Professor Kim and his team believe their findings will provide significant insights into other complex phenomena in physics, such as the secrets of high-temperature superconductors. Understanding and manipulating dark states in solids could lead to advancements in quantum computing and other technologies that rely on precise control of quantum states.

Professor Kim highlighted the broader implications of their findings: “Recognizing the existence of dark electrons in solid materials offers a crucial key to understanding previously inexplicable quantum phenomena.” The research team plans to leverage this discovery to address other enduring mysteries in modern physics, potentially leading to practical applications that could transform various technological fields.

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Dark matter, dark energy, dark electrons..
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How accurate are wearable fitness trackers? Less than you might think • The Conversation

Cailbhe Doherty:

»

the quantified self movement still grapples with an important question: can wearable devices truly measure what they claim to?

Along with my colleagues Maximus Baldwin, Alison Keogh, Brian Caulfield and Rob Argent, I recently published an umbrella review (a systematic review of systematic reviews) examining the scientific literature on whether consumer wearable devices can accurately measure metrics like heart rate, aerobic capacity, energy expenditure, sleep and step count.

At a surface level, our results were quite positive. Accepting some error, wearable devices can measure heart rate with an error rate of plus or minus 3%, depending on factors like skin tone, exercise intensity and activity type. They can also accurately measure heart rate variability and show good sensitivity and specificity for detecting arrhythmia, a problem with the rate of a person’s heart beat.

Additionally, they can accurately estimate what’s known as cardiorespiratory fitness, which is how the circulatory and respiratory systems supply oxygen to the muscles during physical activity. This can be quantified by something called VO2Max, which is a measure of how much oxygen your body uses while exercising.

The ability of wearables to accurately measure this is better when those predictions are generated during exercise (rather than at rest). In the realm of physical activity, wearables generally underestimate step counts, by about 9%.

However, discrepancies were larger for energy expenditure (the number of calories you burn when exercising) with error margins ranging from −21.27% to 14.76%, depending on the device used and the activity undertaken.

Results weren’t much better for sleep.

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The approximately quantified self.
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Teen builds his own nuclear fusion reactor at college as part of his A* grade in his A-levels • Daily Mail Online

Elizabeth Haigh:

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A brainy teen successfully built his own nuclear fusion reactor at college and received an A* grade.

Cesare Mencarini, 17, built the reactor to generate neutrons as part of his Extended Project Qualification (EPQ), for which he achieved an A* in his A-Level results today.

Before embarking on his ambitious project, Cesare had to convince his teachers it wasn’t dangerous – and then spent another 18 months making his vision a reality. It is believed to be only nuclear reactor built in a school environment and he showcased his work at the Cambridge Science Festival recently.

He also achieved top grades in maths, further maths, chemistry and physics while studying at Cardiff Sixth Form College in Wales. Cesare plans to work at the Interface and Analysis Centre at the University of Bristol in Gloucestershire for a year before applying for a degree in engineering. He hopes to ‘encourage other young people to develop ideas’ and think about how they ‘can improve our world.’

Current nuclear power stations use nuclear fission, which involves splitting atoms into smaller parts to create energy. But nuclear fusion has been hailed as a potentially planet-saving energy source, as it involves fusing atoms together, which creates a massive amount of energy.

The main problem preventing fusion from being used is the astronomical temperatures required before atoms begin joining together.

Cesare, who is from Italy, said: ‘The college was initially concerned that this project, which I have also used for my EPQ, was dangerous. However we did full risk assessments and the staff have been so supportive. I had to adapt the design to fit in with the budget and my aim is to encourage other young people to develop ideas and think about how we can improve our world and be innovative. The purpose of the reactor is to produce the necessary conditions for fusion to take place.

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Isn’t it great when the journalist has absolutely no idea what they’re writing about? I think this is actually a neutron generator – first generated in the 1930s.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

New research shows that the universe’s accelerating expansion is slowing down, which means that… things are complicated. CC-licensed photo by European Southern Observatory on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 8 links for you. Not expanding or contracting. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On BlueSky: @charles.arthur. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.

Elon Musk’s Twitter takeover is now the worst buyout for banks since the financial crisis • WSJ

Alexander Saeedy and Dana Mattioli:

»

The $13bn that Elon Musk borrowed to buy Twitter has turned into the worst merger-finance deal for banks since the 2008-09 financial crisis.

The seven banks involved in the deal, including Morgan Stanley and Bank of America, lent the money to the billionaire’s holding company to take the social media platform, now named X, private in October 2022. Banks that provide loans for takeovers generally sell the debt quickly to other investors to get it off their balance sheets, making money on fees. 

The banks haven’t been able to offload the debt without incurring major losses—largely because of X’s weak financial performance—leaving the loans stuck on their balance sheets, or “hung” in industry jargon. The resulting writedowns have hobbled the banks’ loan books and, in one case, was a factor that crimped compensation for a bank’s merger department, according to people involved with the deal.

The value of the loans to Musk quickly soured after the $44bn acquisition was completed. But new analysis shows how their persistent underperformance has put the deal in historic territory.

According to data from PitchBook LCD, the Twitter loans have been hung longer than every similar unsold deal since the 2008-09 financial crisis for which the research firm has complete records. There were many more hung deals back then, but banks in that period typically were still able to sell or write off most of their hung debt within roughly a year after they issued the loans. One hung deal—a $20bn all-debt acquisition in 2007—was bigger than Twitter but wound up in bankruptcy about 12 months after banks wrote the check.

…The banks—which also include Barclays, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, BNP Paribas, Mizuho and Société Générale—have been able to collect hefty interest payments from the X loans. They are generally for seven to eight years and carry rates several percentage points above the benchmark for investment-grade companies. And the banks could still ultimately be made whole if X is able to cover its interest obligations and repay the principal when the loans mature.

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Hard to see anything making the company’s value rise, which means that the debt is going to be hard to sell.
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National Public Data confirms breach exposing Social Security numbers • Bleeping Computer

Ionut Ilascu:

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Background check service National Public Data confirms that hackers breached its systems after threat actors leaked a stolen database with millions of social security numbers and other sensitive personal information. 

The company states that the breached data may include names, email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers (SSNs), and postal addresses.

In the statement disclosing the security incident, National Public Data says that “the information that was suspected of being breached contained name, email address, phone number, social security number, and mailing address(es).”

The company acknowledges the “leaks of certain data in April 2024 and summer 2024” and believes the breach is associated with a threat actor “that was trying to hack into data in late December 2023.”

NPD says they investigated the incident, cooperated with law enforcement, and reviewed the potentially affected records. If significant developments occur, the company “will try to notify” the impacted individuals.

It is worth noting that BleepingComputer’s testing revealed that access to NPD’s statement on the security incident has been blocked for IP addresses in numerous locations in the US as well as regions outside the country. More than a dozen captures of the page exist on the Internet Archive, though.

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At this point might as well just publish all this stuff online rather than make hackers go to the work of hacking it. Takes away their ability to threaten exposure, doesn’t it. (And demonstrates again that there are only two classes of company, those which have been hacked and those which are going to get hacked.)
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Waning dark energy may evade ‘swampland’ of impossible universes • Quanta Magazine

Steve Nadis:

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Since 1998, we’ve known that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Dark energy is the name given to the accelerant. In the standard theoretical model of the cosmos, dark energy has a simple form: It is spread uniformly in space, maintaining a constant density at all times. Dark energy of this type, known as the cosmological constant, would not get diluted as the universe expands. Rather, as space grows, the amount of dark energy grows with it. And so this accumulating energy expands the universe with ever-increasing gusto.

But the constancy of dark energy is merely a hypothesis, one that the DESI experiment set out to check. The collaboration reported that they had so far mapped and analyzed the locations of 6.4 million galaxies to determine how fast the universe has expanded as a function of time. (More distant galaxies reveal the younger universe.) If dark energy is a cosmological constant, then the acceleration should hold steady. DESI’s data set wasn’t big enough to test this by itself, though the team will be able to do so after mapping a total of 40 million galaxies during the five-year survey. But when the scientists pooled their data with other astronomical observations, the combined data sets favored an evolving dark energy.

The findings fall short of the level of statistical certainty needed to claim a discovery. Right now, DESI is calling it a “hint” that dark energy might be weakening in strength. But according to Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, a cosmologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and one of the leaders of DESI, “that hint gets stronger as we start combining different data sets. And all these data sets seem to be pointing in the same direction.”

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This is a good, clearly written article about quite where cosmology and physics have got to in the puzzle about the universe’s expansion.

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Competing in search • Benedict Evans

After the decision in favour of the DOJ finding Google breached the antitrust law, Evans ponders the aftermath:

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what comes next is not clear at all. It’s obvious that the court will order Google to stop its TAC payments and abandon the contracts (or at a minimum radically reduce their scope), which means it saves $30bn in cash each year and Apple loses $20bn. But then what?

The court might order ‘choice screens’ in user-downloaded Chrome (20% of queries), but it has no power to order a choice screen in Safari, since Apple isn’t a party, and it’s not clear whether it can do that on Android, given that Samsung and Motorola, and the telcos, aren’t parties either. Meanwhile, it’s also unclear whether choice screens actually work, especially where (as the judgment laid out) Google has a much better brand than Bing, let alone any of the other alternatives. A lot of people given a choice screen would just choose Google anyway, as indeed appears to have happened in the EU, which already mandated this on Android. Meanwhile, the DoJ’s head of competition, Jonathan Kanter, was clear in an interview last week that he wants any remedies to change the situation, not just remove the illegal conduct:

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Q: If this ends up with Google just not having to pay Apple but still being the default, have you accomplished anything?

We want to make sure that remedies in any case, whether it’s this one or any other, are meaningful and meet the markets where they are today, not where they were 15 years ago

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Then, there are press reports that the DoJ is considering asking for Android and Chrome to be spun out. Spinning out Android seems irrelevant except as a purely punitive step: if it was independent, that wouldn’t change how Samsung sets defaults. If Chrome was independent, it could choose a different default too. But would it?

This is really the first big puzzle: what will Apple, Samsung and Motorola, and a hypothetically independent Chrome Inc, choose as the default if Google can’t pay to be the default?

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Apple’s Eddy Cue told the judge that Microsoft’s Bing would have to pay more than 100% of revenue share because he sees its quality as being so inferior to Google’s. But things can change, I suppose.
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Scrolling through online videos increases feelings of boredom, study finds • The Guardian

Nicola Davis:

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Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair, with gems lurking amid mediocre efforts. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored.

Dr Katy Tam at the University of Toronto Scarborough, the lead author of the research, said boredom was closely linked to attention.

“We feel bored when there’s a gap between how engaged we are and how engaged we want to be,” she said. “When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.”

The results appear to chime with other studies: as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse.

Writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Tam and colleagues report how they carried out seven experiments involving a total of more than 1,200 participants.

The first, involving 140 participants, revealed that people tended to switch between videos more when they rated the content more boring, while the second – an online survey involving 231 participants – suggested people thought having the option to skip through a video or switch to another would make viewing a video less boring.

However, the team’s subsequent experiments suggest this is not the case.

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I’m sure TikTok will shut down forthwith.
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Former CEO of failed bank sentenced to prison • United States Department of Justice

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A Kansas man was sentenced to 293 months in prison for using his former position as chief executive officer (CEO) of a bank to embezzle tens of millions of dollars in a cryptocurrency scheme which led the bank to fail at a complete loss of equity for investors. 

According to court documents, Shan Hanes, 53, of Elkhart pleaded guilty to one count of embezzlement by a bank officer. 

While the CEO of Heartland Tri-State Bank (HTSB) in Elkhart, Kansas, Hanes initiated 11 outgoing wire transfers between May 2023 and July 2023 totalling $47.1m of Heartland’s funds to a cryptocurrency wallet in a cryptocurrency scheme referred to as “pig butchering.” The funds were transferred to multiple cryptocurrency accounts controlled by unidentified third parties during the time HTSB was insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The FDIC absorbed the $47.1m loss. Hanes’ fraudulent actions caused HTSB to fail and the bank investors to lose $9m.

A federal judge ordered that restitution be finalized at a separate hearing within the next 90 days. 

“Hanes’ greed knew no bounds. He trespassed his professional obligations, his personal relationships, and federal law. Not only did Shan Hanes betray Heartland Bank and its investors, but his illegal schemes also jeopardized confidence in financial institutions,” said US Attorney Kate E. Brubacher. “Today’s sentence is a measure of justice for the victims, and a statement that the U.S. Department of Justice will hold those accountable who violate positions of trust for their own gain.” 

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He has a Twitter profile: “father and banker who loves sports“. His last tweet was in September 2022, when he was in Washington meeting legislators “to discuss banking concerns”. Such as embezzlement? In classic manner, he was approached via WhatsApp. Don’t answer those random messages!
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Google makes your Pixel screenshots searchable with Recall-like AI feature • The Verge

Emma Roth:

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Google has announced Pixel Screenshots, a new AI-powered app for its Pixel 9 lineup that lets you save, organize, and surface information from screenshots. Pixel Screenshot uses Google’s private, on-device Gemini Nano AI model to analyze the content of an image and make it searchable.

During a demo at its Pixel launch event, Google showed how you can take a screenshot and then save it to a collection, like “gift ideas.” You can also search through all your other screenshots by typing in a keyword, like “bikes” or “shoes.” Pixel Screenshots will then pull up all relevant results.

Additionally, Pixel Screenshots can give you information about what’s inside an image. So, if you’re looking for the price of a shirt you screenshotted, you can type in “t-shirt price,” and Pixel Screenshots will extract the information from your screenshots to surface an answer. The app will only be available on Pixel 9 devices.

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Will probably trickle down to other Pixel devices, and then to other Android devices, in time. Though I thought Apple Photos could do something vaguely similar in the searching for text within a picture or screenshot.
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Colleges still don’t have a plan for AI cheating • The Atlantic

Ian Bogost:

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No matter how small the assignments, many students will complete them using ChatGPT. “Students would submit ChatGPT responses even to prompts like ‘Introduce yourself to the class in 500 words or fewer,’” [one writing professor] said.

If the first year of AI college ended in a feeling of dismay, the situation has now devolved into absurdism. Teachers struggle to continue teaching even as they wonder whether they are grading students or computers; in the meantime, an endless AI-cheating-and-detection arms race plays out in the background. Technologists have been trying out new ways to curb the problem; the Wall Street Journal article describes one of several frameworks.

OpenAI is experimenting with a method to hide a digital watermark in its output, which could be spotted later on and used to show that a given text was created by AI. But watermarks can be tampered with, and any detector built to look for them can check only for those created by a specific AI system. That might explain why OpenAI hasn’t chosen to release its watermarking feature—doing so would just push its customers to watermark-free services.

Other approaches have been tried. Researchers at Georgia Tech devised a system that compares how students used to answer specific essay questions before ChatGPT was invented with how they do so now. A company called PowerNotes integrates OpenAI services into an AI-changes-tracked version of Google Docs, which can allow an instructor to see all of ChatGPT’s additions to a given document. But methods like these are either unproved in real-world settings or limited in their ability to prevent cheating. In its formal statement of principles on generative AI from last fall, the Association for Computing Machinery asserted that “reliably detecting the output of generative AI systems without an embedded watermark is beyond the current state of the art, which is unlikely to change in a projectable timeframe.”

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The arms race between cheating and catching the cheats continues. But it also raises the question: what are you testing the students about? What’s the purpose of the out-of-classroom work? And eventually, won’t this be solved by having exams in internet-free rooms – perhaps using pen and paper?
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified