The Andean quipu, consisting of knotted ropes of animal wool, are challenging to interpret. Can AI help with that and lost languages? CC-licensed photo by Steven Damron on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

Sorry, no post today at the Social Warming Substack. Maybe next week?

A selection of 9 links for you. Took the knots out for you. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

OpenAI slams court order to save all ChatGPT logs, including deleted chats • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

»

OpenAI is now fighting a court order to preserve all ChatGPT user logs—including deleted chats and sensitive chats logged through its API business offering—after news organizations suing over copyright claims accused the AI company of destroying evidence.

“Before OpenAI had an opportunity to respond to those unfounded accusations, the court ordered OpenAI to ‘preserve and segregate all output log data that would otherwise be deleted on a going forward basis until further order of the Court (in essence, the output log data that OpenAI has been destroying),” OpenAI explained in a court filing demanding oral arguments in a bid to block the controversial order.

In the filing, OpenAI alleged that the court rushed the order based only on a hunch raised by The New York Times and other news plaintiffs. And now, without “any just cause,” OpenAI argued, the order “continues to prevent OpenAI from respecting its users’ privacy decisions.” That risk extended to users of ChatGPT Free, Plus, and Pro, as well as users of OpenAI’s application programming interface (API), OpenAI said.

The court order came after news organizations expressed concern that people using ChatGPT to skirt paywalls “might be more likely to ‘delete all [their] searches’ to cover their tracks,” OpenAI explained. Evidence to support that claim, news plaintiffs argued, was missing from the record because so far, OpenAI had only shared samples of chat logs that users had agreed that the company could retain. Sharing the news plaintiffs’ concerns, the judge, Ona Wang, ultimately agreed that OpenAI likely would never stop deleting that alleged evidence absent a court order, granting news plaintiffs’ request to preserve all chats.

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You thought it was bad having your Google search history available to the courts? Turns out there is worse.
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LLMs helped perpetuate a path traversal bug from 2010 • The Register

Thomas Claburn:

»

A security bug that surfaced fifteen years ago in a public post on GitHub has survived developers’ attempts on its life.

Despite multiple developer warnings about the 2010 GitHub Gist containing the path traversal vulnerability in 2012, 2014, and 2018, the flaw appeared in MDN Web Docs documentation and a Stack Overflow snippet.

From there, it took up residence in large language models (LLMs) trained on the flawed examples.

But its days may be numbered.

“The vulnerable code snippet was found first in 2010 in a GitHub Gist, and it spread to Stack Overflow, famous companies, tutorials, and even university courses,” Jafar Akhoundali, a PhD candidate from Leiden University in The Netherlands, told The Register in an email.

“Most people failed to point out it’s vulnerable, and although the vulnerability is simple, some small details prevented most users from seeing the vulnerability. It even contaminated LLMs and made them produce mostly insecure code when asked to write code for this task.”

Akhoundali, who contributed to a 2019 research paper about the risks of copying and pasting from Stack Overflow examples, aims to exterminate the bug with an automated vulnerability repair system.

…the authors created two scenarios involving Claude, Copilot, Copilot-creative, Copilot-precise, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4o, and Gemini. First, they prompted each LLM to create a static file server without third-party libraries and then asked it to make the code secure. Second, they asked each LLM to create a secure static file server without third-party libraries. These requests were repeated 10 times for each model.

In the first scenario, 76 out of 80 requests reproduced the vulnerable code, dropping down to 42 out of 80 when the model was asked to make the code secure. In the second scenario that asked for secure code at the outset, 56 out of 80 requests returned vulnerable samples.

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So there’s a problem: LLMs swallow up code with vulnerabilities and regurgitate it, and even insist it’s secure. And then how do you train the mistake out of them?
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23andMe’s former CEO pushes purchase price nearly $50m higher • WSJ

Alicia McElhaney:

»

23andMe has a path to a higher purchase price than the $256m offered by biotech giant Regeneron after the genetic-testing company’s former chief executive pushed a bankruptcy court to reopen its sale process. 

23andMe was set to sell itself in bankruptcy to Regeneron before former CEO Anne Wojcicki bid $305m after the auction ended through her recently founded nonprofit TTAM Research Institute. Wojcicki’s bid dwarfs her previous offer to acquire the company for $40m just ahead of its March bankruptcy filing. 

On Wednesday, 23andMe asked Judge Brian C. Walsh of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Missouri to reopen the company’s sale process so it could consider TTAM’s bid. At the hearing, 23andMe’s attorney inadvertently revealed the amount that TTAM offered to pay for the company. 

This prompted an on-the-spot negotiation between TTAM, Regeneron and 23andMe that allowed the three to hash out a plan to conduct a second sale process. TTAM’s $305m will serve as a starting point, and if Regeneron wants to participate, it must bid $10m more.

Each bidder will then have the opportunity to submit a final offer, with Regeneron having the last look. The losing bidder will receive a $10m breakup fee. 

Pending court approval of the specific dates, the sale will take place later this month.

“From the perspective of an equity holder, it seems like a positive development,” Walsh said Wednesday. Because 23andMe has a relatively small amount of debt on its balance sheet, its equity holders could walk away with a recovery, a relative rarity after bankruptcy. Its stock has rallied to a market capitalization of over $100m.

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Wojcicki owns 49% of the voting stock, and has been holding out for lower prices, and now is offering higher prices. It’s a weird process.
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Everest’s xenon-gas controversy – and others – will last forever • The Atlantic

Alex Hutchinson looks at controversies over the settings of records, whether in running or mountaineering:

»

Sports are, in at least some respects, a zero-sum game: when one person wins a race or sets a record, it unavoidably means that someone else doesn’t. Even at the recreational level, if everyone decides to run marathons in carbon-plated shoes that make them five minutes faster, the standards needed to qualify for the Boston Marathon get five minutes faster.

“Once an effective technology gets adopted in a sport, it becomes tyrannical,” [bioethicist Thomas] Murray told me several years ago, when I was writing about athletes experimenting with electric brain stimulation. “You have to use it.” In the ’50s, a version of that rationale seemed to help the British expedition that included [Edmund] Hillary and [Tenzing] Norgay overcome the long-standing objections of British climbers to using oxygen—the French had an Everest expedition planned for 1954 and the Swiss for 1955, and both were expected to use oxygen.

Less clear, though, is why this rationale should apply to the modern world of recreational mountaineering in which [xenon-fuelled Everest trip organiser Lukas] Furtenbach operates. What does anyone—other than perhaps the climbers themselves, if you think journeys trump destinations—lose when people huff xenon in order to check Everest off their list with maximal efficiency? Maybe they’re making the mountain more crowded, but you could also argue that they’re making it less crowded by getting up and down more quickly. And it’s hard to imagine that Furtenbach’s critics are truly lying awake at night worrying about the long-term health of his clients.

Something else is going on here, and I’d venture that it has to do with human psychology. A Dutch economist named Adriaan Kalwij has a theory that much of modern life is shaped by people’s somewhat pathological tendency to view everything as a competition. “Both by nature and through institutional design, competitions are an integral part of human lives,” Kalwij writes, “from college entrance exams and scholarship applications to jobs, promotions, contracts, and awards.” The same ethos seems to color the way we see dating, leisure travel, hobbies, and so on: there’s no escape from the zero-sum dichotomy of winners and losers.

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Britain prepares to go all-in on nuclear power after years of dither • POLITICO

Nicholas Earl:

»

Philip Hunt, the unassuming Labour peer put in charge of rejuvenating U.K. nuclear energy, has a favorite joke about how slowly the industry moves.

Hunt — who was first an energy minister from 2008-2010 and retired from his second stint in government just last month — liked to roll out the gag at Westminster receptions, according to one industry figure who saw him in action.
“I came back after 14 years,” the minister would say, “and everything was exactly as I left it.”

It was a way to bash the Conservatives’ decade-and-a-half in power, but also an admission of the glacial pace of the nuclear world.

That is about to change. Ministers are prepping a series of high-profile nuclear announcements in the lead-up to the government-wide spending review on June 11.

The government is expected to unveil, after months of delay, the winner of a multi-billion pound contract to build next-generation small modular reactors (SMRs), known as “mini nukes.” A long-awaited financial decision on the mega nuclear plant Sizewell C in Suffolk is on its way. Meanwhile, U.K. officials are discussing buying up nuclear sites from private ownership to bring the industry under greater state control.

It would trigger more activity on nuclear over a handful of weeks than there has been in a generation.

This flurry of action is coming, insiders say, not because of astute maneuvering by Hunt or his political bosses but because the Treasury — long skeptical about nuclear — has run out of road for ignoring the problem.

The looming spending review, the last chance in this parliament to commit cash to the U.K.’s neglected nuclear energy system, “has forced the government’s hand,” said a second energy figure, granted anonymity, like others in this piece, to speak candidly about government planning. 

Bringing more low-carbon nuclear power online is crucial to two of Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s “missions” in government — galvanizing sluggish economic growth and ending the U.K.’s reliance on high-polluting fossil fuels.
Backing more nuclear power in a speech in February, Starmer said he was taking on “the blockers who have strangled our chances of cheaper energy, growth and jobs for far too long.”

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All I can say is: about bloody time. Michael Meacher, as Labour environment secretary in Blair’s government, blocked nuclear for years and years. And planning has done the job for the rest of the time. Finally, perhaps we can get something done.
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The codes AI can’t crack • Long Now

Taras Grescoe:

»

a dozen or so ancient scripts — the writing systems used to transcribe spoken language — remain undeciphered. These include such mysteries as the one-of-a-kind Phaistos Disk, a spiral of 45 symbols found on a single sixteen-inch clay disk in a Minoan palace on Crete, and Proto-Elamite, a script used 5,000 years ago in what is now Iran, which may have consisted of a thousand distinct symbols.

Some, like Cypro-Minoan — which transcribes a language spoken in the Late Bronze Age on Cyprus — are tantalizingly similar to early European scripts that have already been fully deciphered. Others, like the quipu of the Andes — intricately knotted ropes made of the wool of llamas, vicuñas, and alpacas — stretch our definitions of how speech can be transformed into writing. 

In some cases, there is big money to be won: a reward of one million dollars is on offer for the decipherer of the Harappan script of the Indus Valley civilization of South Asia, as well as a $15,000-per-character prize for the successful decoder of the Oracle Bone script, the precursor to Chinese.

Cracking these ancient codes may seem like the kind of challenge AI is ideally suited to solve…

…[But] The AI models that have filled in lost verses of Gilgamesh are trained on cuneiform, whose corpus is even larger: hundreds of thousands of cuneiform tablets can be found in the storerooms of the world’s museums, many of them still untranslated. The problem with mystery scripts like Linear A, Cypro-Minoan, Rongorongo, and Harappan is that the total number of known inscriptions can be counted in the thousands, and sometimes in the hundreds. Not only that, in most cases we have no idea what spoken language they’re meant to encode.

“Decipherment is kind of like a matching problem,” explains [former DeepMind staffer Yannis] Assael. “It’s different from predicting. You’re trying to match a limited number of characters to sounds from an older, unknown language. It’s not a problem that’s well suited to these deep neural network architectures that require substantial amounts of data.”

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Are wind power generators actually viable at home? My buying advice after months of testing • ZDNET

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes:

»

I’ve found the Shine Turbine to be quite effective, but there are limitations. First, the 40-watt output is a low amount of power if you’re used to having 100- or 200-watt solar panels at your disposal. The Shine is ideal for smartphones, tablets, drones, and cameras, but laptops and other bigger devices are off the cards.

Setup is also rather time-consuming. I’m used to being able to throw solar panels out for my power stations in seconds. The best I got the setup time for the Shine Turbine was about ten minutes. Also, taking the turbine down involves carefully packing the guy lines away so as not to make the next setup a painful one.

But despite the downsides, the Shine Turbine is a great way to harvest power from Mother Nature when you are away from an AC outlet.

If you need power and can’t rely on the sun, the Shine Turbine really shines. Yes, it’s weighty [1.3kg], yes, setup takes some time, and yes, its power output is rather limited, but I’ve used a single turbine to keep my iPhone and a drone powered on a multi-day trip where a power station and solar panels weren’t an option.

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So it’s not really for use “at home”, more on trips with bad weather. Certainly not going to set the world on fire with that sort of output.
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Ukraine’s attack exposed America’s Achilles’ heel • The New York Times

WJ Hennigan:

»

The U.S. military understands Russia’s vulnerability firsthand. Although American pilots have managed to control the skies where they operate since the Korean War, U.S. troops in recent years have come under greater danger from drones. Militant groups have used the aircraft, which are a small fraction of the size of U.S. warplanes, to target American positions in the Middle East, dropping crude munitions that have maimed and killed American service members.

The U.S. military has globe-spanning technology to detect, track and shoot down ballistic missiles, but — so far — its multimillion-dollar systems remain helpless against the drone threat. The Pentagon has tried to develop technologies and defensive tactics, but results have been spotty at best. So-called hard-kill tactics to blast the drones out of the sky, or soft-kill methods to electronically disable them, haven’t proved to be silver bullets. The unmanned aircraft typically fly low to the ground and don’t always transmit their positions. Current radar systems are engineered to spot larger flying objects.

American commanders increasingly realize that forces stateside are just as exposed. Gen. Gregory M. Guillot, the head of Northern Command, told Congress in February that there were some 350 detections of drone overflights above 100 military installations in the United States last year. Those small drones appeared to be more of a nuisance than a threat, but Spider’s Web exposed the risk of not taking them seriously.

The Federal Aviation Administration has licensed more than a million drones in the United States. Most fly by the rules, but sightings of drones making illegal flights are on the rise. The F.A.A. reports there are now 100 drone sightings around airports each month, despite federal law that requires them to avoid flying near airports in controlled airspace without authorization.

Military bases and aircraft hangars should be hardened to guard against the worst. Congress is poised to set aside about $1.3bn this fiscal year for the Pentagon to develop and deploy counter-drone technologies. This is a good start. But the Pentagon’s most ambitious and expensive plans fail to address the threat.

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One neat comment I saw about the Spider’s Web attack: Ukraine basically used buildings (prefabricated spaces inside trucks) to attack planes – so it was a reverse 9/11.
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The People’s Republic of iPhone • New Statesman

Will Dunn:

»

On Friday 23 May, Donald Trump threatened to impose a 25% tariff on what is arguably the world’s most successful consumer product, the iPhone. This would be a historic tax hike on American consumers, because Apple currently sells around 70 million iPhones in the US for about $1,000 each; the US government would ask for $17.5bn in additional taxes on a single product line from a single company. But what Trump wants is actually more extreme: he believes that in order to escape his punitive tariff, Apple might bring production of the iPhone back to America.

There are two reasons that this is wishful thinking. The first is that the iPhone is the apex product of globalisation. It would be impossible to make something as complex as a smartphone with the resources of a single country. Apple’s supplier list runs to 27 pages of companies, many of which are themselves multinationals with long lists of their own subsidiaries. It is not the product of one country – more like 50. It will never be the case that the iPhone can be described as a purely American product. As Patrick McGee explains in Apple in China, in light of the company’s long history of contract manufacturing, the vast sums it has invested in China, the knowledge and skills it has imparted to Chinese workers and the Chinese factories it has developed, it makes more sense to describe it as Chinese.

Trump’s discomfort with Americans using Chinese phones is not without foundation. What Apple has achieved in China is a spectacular example of industrial strategy. Apple’s investment in China for a single year, 2015, was $55bn – greater than the combined research and development spending of every business in the UK. Around the same time, Apple’s engineers were working in 1,600 Chinese factories. “We were unwittingly tooling them up,” a former Apple executive told McGee, “with… incredible know-how and experience.”

It is unclear how other countries can loosen China’s grip on technological manufacturing; an American iPhone would cost more than three times the price of current models, according to one analyst. But this is a power that China has been helped to acquire by the Western capitalists who rushed to exploit its people for cheap labour, and who never stopped to consider the long-term implications.

«

But the short-term implications were simple: you’d go out of business. Apple originally manufactured its computers in American factories. It was dramatically uneconomic; when Tim Cook arrived in March 1998 one of the big reasons it was near bankruptcy was its inventory and factory costs.

Over-reliance on China is a problem, but the US’s GDP has kept going up even while it hasn’t been making as much stuff.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Expectations are that Apple will next week showcase a redesign of iOS as radical as iOS 7 in 2013. CC-licensed photo by Kārlis Dambrāns on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Glassy-eyed. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

‘You can even name your embryo’: genetics startup sells test to rank embryos by IQ, height and looks • IJR

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Nucleus Genomics unveiled a $5,999 service Wednesday allowing prospective parents to rank embryos created during in vitro fertilization (IVF) by projected IQ, height, eye color and nearly 900 health-related traits before deciding which to implant.

The New York startup crunches whole-genome data supplied by partner labs to generate “polygenic” risk scores, then delivers a dashboard that lists each embryo’s predicted smarts, stature, looks and lifespan alongside probabilities for major killers like cancer and Alzheimer’s, The Wall Street Journal reported. Company materials acknowledge the trait forecasts are probabilistic — IQ predictions, in particular, remain “limited in accuracy” — but founder and CEO Kian Sadeghi, 25, says parents deserve the extra information.

“The longevity movement is about taking medicine back and putting it in the people’s hands,” Sadeghi told the Journal. “Why would that apply now to the most intimate, personal, emotional, sensitive decision you will make? Picking your baby.”

Traditional pre-implantation testing screens for chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome or single-gene disorders like Tay-Sachs. Nucleus pushes far beyond that, applying algorithms that sift through hundreds or thousands of genetic variants to estimate future traits.

“This announcement also marks the first time a company has openly partnered with a couple to help them optimize their embryos based on intelligence,” Sadeghi said in his announcement video, adding, “Nucleus Embryo is for couples doing IVF to uncover the full profile of each embryo in one intuitive platform. You can explore your future child’s health, appearance and even their wellbeing. And — one of my favorite features — you can even name your embryos and leave note on the ones you like.”

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So we are now having two futuristic films becoming real this year: Her (everyone talks to chatbots as though they’re people) and now GATTACA.
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Apple loses bid to pause app store reform order in Epic Games case • Reuters

Mike Scarcella:

»

Apple has failed to persuade a U.S. appeals court to pause key parts of a federal judge’s order requiring the iPhone maker to immediately open its lucrative App Store to more competition.

The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Wednesday rejected Apple’s request to put the provisions on hold as the tech company appeals the judge’s order, which came in a long-running antitrust lawsuit brought by “Fortnite” maker Epic Games.

U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers in April found Apple in contempt of an earlier injunction order she issued in the Epic Games case.

Apple in a statement said it was “disappointed with the decision not to stay the district court’s order, and we’ll continue to argue our case during the appeals process.”

Epic did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The judge on April 30 ordered Apple to end several practices that she said were designed to circumvent the injunction, including a new 27% fee Apple imposed on app developers when its customers complete an app purchase outside the App Store.

The court also prohibited Apple from restricting where developers place links to make purchases outside of an app.

In its emergency appeal, Apple said the ruling blocked the company from “exercising control over core aspects of its business operations” and forced it to give free access to its services.

Epic Games countered that Apple was trying to continue evading competition and collecting fees that the judge had barred.

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It is amazing how Apple has pulled defeat from the jaws of victory here. It won on all but one count against Epic, and now it’s getting walloped on the one thing it lost on. And yet its leadership will see this as the court’s fault, not a self-inflicted mistake.
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Israel is falsely designating Gaza areas as empty to bomb them • 972Mag

Jonathan Adler and Yuval Abraham:

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In recent weeks, the Israeli army has been launching airstrikes on residential neighborhoods in Gaza that they treat as evacuated, despite knowing that many of the houses bombed were filled with civilians who could not or did not want to leave, according to two intelligence sources who spoke to +972 Magazine and Local Call.

The army’s designation of a particular neighborhood as “green,” or cleared of residents, is based on a crude algorithmic analysis of phone usage patterns over a wide area — not on a detailed, house-by-house assessment before bombing, as previously revealed by +972 Magazine, Local Call and The New York Times.

Two intelligence sources noticed in May that the army was bombing homes and killing families, while internally recording that the homes were empty or nearly empty of residents, based on the flawed algorithmic calculation.

“This occupancy estimate is based on a bunch of incredibly crappy algorithms,” one intelligence source explained to +972 and Local Call. “It’s clear there are a lot of people in those houses. They haven’t really evacuated.

“You look at the evacuation tables, and everything is green — that means between 0 to 20% of the population remains. The whole area we were in, in Khan Younis, was marked green, and it clearly wasn’t,” the source added.

Last week, an airstrike in Khan Younis hit the home of Dr. Alaa Al-Najjar, killing nine of her 10 young children, and her husband Dr. Hamdi al-Najjar, who succumbed to his wounds a few days later.

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Bad algorithms killing people is a new wrinkle on an awful conflict.
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My AI skeptic friends are all nuts • The Fly Blog

Thomas Ptacek:

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First, we need to get on the same page. If you were trying and failing to use an LLM for code 6 months ago †, you’re not doing what most serious LLM-assisted coders are doing.

People coding with LLMs today use agents. Agents get to poke around your codebase on their own. They author files directly. They run tools. They compile code, run tests, and iterate on the results. They also:

• pull in arbitrary code from the tree, or from other trees online, into their context windows,
• run standard Unix tools to navigate the tree and extract information,
• interact with Git,
• run existing tooling, like linters, formatters, and model checkers, and
• make essentially arbitrary tool calls (that you set up) through MCP.

The code in an agent that actually “does stuff” with code is not, itself, AI. This should reassure you. It’s surprisingly simple systems code, wired to ground truth about programming in the same way a Makefile is. You could write an effective coding agent in a weekend. Its strengths would have more to do with how you think about and structure builds and linting and test harnesses than with how advanced o3 or Sonnet have become.

If you’re making requests on a ChatGPT page and then pasting the resulting (broken) code into your editor, you’re not doing what the AI boosters are doing. No wonder you’re talking past each other.

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Not a short post, but Ptacek is nobody’s fool, and this is a thorough exposition of the landscape for coders.
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How Morgan Stanley tackled one of coding’s toughest problems • WSJ

Isabelle Bousquette:

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Morgan Stanley is now aiming artificial intelligence at one of enterprise software’s biggest pain points, and one it said Big Tech hasn’t quite nailed yet: helping rewrite old, outdated code into modern coding languages.

In January, the company rolled out a tool known as DevGen.AI, built in-house on OpenAI’s GPT models. It can translate legacy code from languages like Cobol into plain English specs that developers can then use to rewrite it. 

So far this year it’s reviewed nine million lines of code, saving developers 280,000 hours, said Mike Pizzi, Morgan Stanley’s global head of technology and operations.

Modernizing legacy software has always been a major headache for businesses, which sometimes have code dating back decades that can weaken security and slow the adoption of new technology. And yet it’s been one of the most difficult problems for new AI-powered coding tools.

These commercial tools are excellent at writing new, modern code. But they don’t necessarily have as much expertise in less popular or older programming languages, or in those customized for a given company, Pizzi said. It’s an area many tech companies are working on, but at the moment, their offerings don’t have the flexibility enterprises need, he added.

That’s why Morgan Stanley opted not to wait.

“We found that building it ourselves gave us certain capabilities that we’re not really seeing in some of the commercial products,” Pizzi said. The off-the-shelf tools might yet evolve to deliver those capabilities, he said, “but we saw the opportunity to get the jump early.”

Morgan Stanley, he said, was able to train the tool on its own code base, including languages that are no longer, or never were, in widespread use.

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Notable – and important – that it’s keeping humans in the loop on this.
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Physicality: the new age of UI • Lux

Sebastiaan de With once worked at Apple on its UI, but now works at Lux. He’s been thinking about what Apple’s expected forthcoming redesign of iOS will look like:

»

I’d like to imagine what could come next. Both by rendering some UI design of my own, and by thinking out what the philosophy of the New Age could be.

A logical next step could be extending physicality to the entirety of the interface. We do not have to go overboard in such treatments, but we can now have the interface inhabit a sense of tactile realism.

Philosophically, if I was Apple, I’d describe this as finally having an interface that matches the beautiful material properties of its devices. All the surfaces of your devices have glass screens. This brings an interface of a matching material, giving the user a feeling of the glass itself coming alive.

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De With goes through the history, and what he thinks will be the future. So now you’re forewarned for the autumn to when people ask you what happened to the icons on their phone/iPad/Mac.
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‘Half the tree of life’: ecologists’ horror as nature reserves are emptied of insects • The Guardian

Tess McClure:

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[Daniel Janzen] decided to erect a sheet for a light trap with a camera – a common way to document flying insect numbers and diversity. In that first photograph, taken in 1978, the lit-up sheet is so thickly studded with moths that in places the fabric is barely visible, transformed into what looks like densely patterned, crawling wallpaper.

Scientists identified an astonishing 3,000 species from that light trap, and the trajectory of Janzen’s career was transformed, from the study of seeds to a lifetime specialising in the forest’s barely documented populations of caterpillars and moths.

Now 86, Janzen still works in the same research hut in the Guanacaste conservation area, alongside his longtime collaborator, spouse and fellow ecologist, Winnie Hallwachs. But in the forest that surrounds them, something has changed. Trees that once crawled with insects lie uncannily still.

The hum of wild bees has faded, and leaves that should be chewed to the stem hang whole and un-nibbled. It is these glossy, untouched leaves that most spook Janzen and Hallwachs. They are more like a pristine greenhouse than a living ecosystem: a wilderness that has been fumigated and left sterile. Not a forest, but a museum.

Over the decades, Janzen has repeated his light traps, hanging the sheet, watching for what comes. Today, some moths flutter to the glow, but their numbers are far fewer.

“It’s the same sheet, with the same lights, in the same place, looking over the same vegetation. Same time of year, same time of the moon cycle, everything about it is identical,” he says. “There’s just no moths on that sheet.”

The declines witnessed by Janzen – and described by others around the world – are part of what some ecologists call a “new era” of ecological collapse, where rapid extinctions occur in regions that have little direct contact with people.

Reports of falling insect numbers around the world are not new. International reviews have estimated annual losses globally of between 1% and 2.5% of total biomass every year.

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Deezer reveals 18% of all new music uploaded to streaming is fully AI-generated • Deezer Newsroom

Jesper Wendel:

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Deezer, the global music streaming platform, is receiving over 20,000 fully AI-generated tracks on a daily basis. It equals over 18% of all uploaded content, an increase from the previously reported 10% in January, 2025, when Deezer launched its cutting edge AI-music detection tool.

“AI generated content continues to flood streaming platforms like Deezer, and we see no sign of it slowing down,” said Aurelien Herault, Chief Innovation Officer, Deezer. “Generative AI has the potential to positively impact music creation and consumption, but we need to approach the development with responsibility and care in order to safeguard the rights and revenues of artists and songwriters, while maintaining transparency for the fans. Thanks to our cutting-edge tool we are already removing fully AI generated content from the algorithmic recommendations.”

Deezer’s AI music detection tool sets an industry standard, with the ability to detect 100% AI-generated music from the most prolific generative models – such as Suno and Udio, with the possibility to add detection capabilities for practically any other similar tool as long as there’s access to relevant data examples. Not only that, Deezer has made significant progress in creating a system with increased generalizability, to detect AI generated content without a specific dataset to train on.

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Obviously it’s quick and it’s easy and it’s potentially profitable, and we haven’t heard anything from Spotify or Apple Music about how much of this they are spotting and removing, and whether they’re coordinating with Deezer or each other on this.
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Mikko Hypponen leaves anti-malware industry to fight against drones • SecurityWeek

SecurityWeek News:

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Industry veteran Mikko Hypponen has joined the Finnish anti-drone company Sensofusion as Chief Research Officer (CRO) after more than three decades of fighting malware.

Hypponen made the announcement on Tuesday. The world renowned researcher has served as CRO at F-Secure and WithSecure — F-Secure split into F-Secure and WithSecure in 2022 — for 25 years. 

He previously worked as a researcher at Data Fellows for more than eight years, before it became F-Secure in 1999. 

Hypponen now joins Sensofusion, a Helsinki-based company that specializes in advanced anti-drone systems. The company’s products are used worldwide by military and law enforcement for passive drone detection and response.

“Fighting drones isn’t so different from fighting malware: both are a cat-and-mouse game,” Hypponen said. “We try to detect threats that don’t want to be seen. Our adversaries study our methods and adapt, and we update our defenses in response. I’m bringing decades of expertise to this area, tackling a fight that matters now more than ever.”

“Cyber security continues to be part of my work, and I’ll continue to give public talks and speak at universities alongside my role at Sensofusion,” Hypponen added.

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This is epochal: Hypponen has been one of the most reliable, most quotable, most sensible voices in the anti-malware industry basically throughout the Windows PC era. Now he’s moving into the frontline of warfare. (Really, that’s what it is.)
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

Tennis players face a complex game theory decision before each match. What’s the best choice according to the best pros?CC-licensed photo by Steven Pisano on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

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A selection of 10 links for you. Serve. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

How Ukraine’s autonomous killer drones defeat electronic warfare • IEEE Spectrum

Tereza Pultarova:

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After the Estonian startup KrattWorks dispatched the first batch of its Ghost Dragon ISR quadcopters to Ukraine in mid-2022, the company’s officers thought they might have six months or so before they’d need to reconceive the drones in response to new battlefield realities. The 46-centimeter-wide flier was far more robust than the hobbyist-grade UAVs that came to define the early days of the drone war against Russia. But within a scant three months, the Estonian team realized their painstakingly fine-tuned device had already become obsolete.

Rapid advances in jamming and spoofing—the only efficient defense against drone attacks—set the team on an unceasing marathon of innovation. Its latest technology is a neural-network-driven optical navigation system, which allows the drone to continue its mission even when all radio and satellite-navigation links are jammed. It began tests in Ukraine in December, part of a trend toward jam-resistant, autonomous UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles). The new fliers herald yet another phase in the unending struggle that pits drones against the jamming and spoofing of electronic warfare, which aims to sever links between drones and their operators. There are now tens of thousands of jammers straddling the front lines of the war, defending against drones that are not just killing soldiers but also destroying armored vehicles, other drones, industrial infrastructure, and even tanks.

…Now in its third generation, the Ghost Dragon has come a long way since 2022. Its original command-and-control-band radio was quickly replaced with a smart frequency-hopping system that constantly scans the available spectrum, looking for bands that aren’t jammed. It allows operators to switch among six radio-frequency bands to maintain control and also send back video even in the face of hostile jamming.

The drone’s dual-band satellite-navigation receiver can switch among the four main satellite positioning services: GPS, Galileo, China’s BeiDou, and Russia’s GLONASS. It’s been augmented with a spoof-proof algorithm that compares the satellite-navigation input with data from onboard sensors. The system provides protection against sophisticated spoofing attacks that attempt to trick drones into self-destruction by persuading them they’re flying at a much higher altitude than they actually are.

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The dance of measure-countermeasure-measure-countermeasure is just amazing. I do find it a little surprising that any company is willing to let itself be named as a supplier to Ukraine, especially of drones, given that it will mean being targeted by Russia.
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Apple and Google clash with police and MPs over phone thefts • BBC News

Tom Gerken:

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Senior figures at Apple and Google have clashed with the police over its recommendations for how best to deal with phone theft in the UK.

The Met’s James Conway told the Commons Science, Innovation and Technology Committee – which is considering the question – that two-thirds of thefts in London now relate to mobile phones.

With up to 70% of knife crime linked to robbery, he told MPs that meant phone theft was “significantly driving parts of our violence problem”.

The Met wants phone companies to use the unique identifying number – known as an IMEI – that each device has to block any that are reported as stolen. But Apple and Google – who dominate the market – raised concerns about the idea. “Focusing on IMEI blocking might miss some of the problems,” Apple’s head of law enforcement requests, Gary Davis, told the committee.

“We worry that there is a vector for fraud… we are concerned about a world where it would be a person who claims to be the owner who’s asking.”

Stolen devices are blocked from being used in the UK by phone networks by using its IMEI, but this is not the case globally.
This means a stolen phone can still be used in some other countries if a criminal is able to bypass the device’s security.

…Police officers said they were looking for action from phone providers to help prevent further thefts. The Met’s chief technology officer Darren Scates said 75% of phones which were stolen are moved abroad, with 28% ending up in either China or Hong Kong.

“We’re asking the cloud providers specifically to prevent a lost or stolen device from connecting to their cloud services,” he said. “This doesn’t even need to involve the police.”

He said they had been asking for this since October 2023, but had not yet been able to convince the firms to take action.
Some MPs accused the two tech firms of lacking the will to take action.

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The Washington Post plans an influx of outside opinion writers • The New York Times

Benjamin Mullin:

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The Washington Post has published some of the world’s most influential voices for more than a century, including columnists like George Will and newsmakers like the Dalai Lama and President Trump.

A new initiative aims to sharply expand that lineup, opening The Post to many published opinion articles from other newspapers across America, writers on Substack and eventually nonprofessional writers, according to four people familiar with the plan. Executives hope that the program, known internally as Ripple, will appeal to readers who want more breadth than The Post’s current opinion section and more quality than social platforms like Reddit and X.

The project will promote the outside opinion columns on The Post’s website and app but outside its paywall, according to the people, who would speak only anonymously to discuss a confidential project. It will operate outside the paper’s opinion section.

…A final phase, allowing nonprofessionals to submit columns with help from an A.I. writing coach called Ember, could begin testing this fall. Human editors would review submissions before publication.

…Ember, the A.I. writing coach being developed by The Post, could automate several functions normally provided by human editors, the people said. Early mock-ups of the tool feature a “story strength” tracker that tells writers how their piece is shaping up, with a sidebar that lays out basic parts of story structure: “early thesis,” “supporting points” and “memorable ending.” A live A.I. assistant would provide developmental questions, with writing prompts inviting authors to add “solid supporting points,” one of the people said.

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So, mutating into the Huffington Post with an AI writing coach. Strange destination.
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Inside the creepy, surprisingly routine business of animal cloning • The Atlantic

Bianca Bosker:

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Twenty-seven years ago, Ty Lawrence began to be haunted by a slab of meat.

The carcass, which he spotted at a slaughterhouse while doing research as a graduate student, defied the usual laws of nature. The best, highest-quality steaks—picture a rib eye festooned with ribbons of white fat—typically come from animals whose bodies yield a relatively paltry amount of meat, because the fat that flavors their muscles tends to correspond to an excess of blubber everywhere else. This animal, by contrast, had tons of fat, but only where it would be delicious. “In my world,” Lawrence told me, “people would say, ‘That’s a beautiful carcass.’ ”

As Lawrence watched the beef being wheeled toward a meat grader that day, an idea hit him: we should clone that.

The technology existed. A couple of years earlier, in 1996, scientists at the Roslin Institute, in Scotland, had cloned Dolly the sheep. Lawrence lacked the funds or stature to make it happen, but he kept thinking about that beautiful carcass, and the lost potential to make more like it.

He was gathering data at another slaughterhouse in 2010 when, late one evening, he spotted two carcasses resembling the outlier he’d seen years before. Lawrence—by then an animal-science professor at West Texas A&M University—immediately called the head of his department. It was nearly 11 p.m. and his boss was already in bed, but Lawrence made his pitch anyway: He wanted to reverse engineer an outstanding steak by bringing superior cuts of meat back to life. He would clone the dead animals, and then mate the clones. “Think of our project as one in which you’re crossbreeding carcasses,” he told me.

A few years later, Lawrence and his team turned two tiny cubes of meat, sliced off exceptional beef carcasses at a packing plant, into one cloned bull and three cloned heifers. After breeding the bull with the heifers, Lawrence slaughtered the offspring to assess the quality of the meat, and found it to be just as terrific as the originals’. The next generation’s meat was even better than that—superior, even, to that of animals bred from the cattle industry’s top bulls.

…Once confined to research labs, the technology has become reliable and lucrative enough to be the basis for companies around the world, which are churning out clones of super-sniffing police dogs, prizewinning show camels, pigs for organ transplantation, and “high-genomic-scoring” livestock—which is to say, ultra-lactating dairy cows and uncommonly tasty beef cattle. The top-ranked polo player, Adolfo Cambiaso, has more than 100 clones of his best horses and once won a match riding six copies of the same mare at different points throughout the competition.

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To serve or to receive? The ultimate decision for any pro tennis player • ESPN

Simon Cambers:

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There is one part of tennis that has retained its simplicity: the coin toss.

Though some events do it digitally, most tournaments still bring out the real thing to decide who serves first and which end the other player chooses. Heads or tails, serve or receive, it’s as simple as that.

Well, almost.

In his book “Winning Ugly,” Brad Gilbert says receiving is the wise choice, psychologically. According to Gilbert, who reached world No. 4 as a player and found renewed fame as the coach to Andre Agassi, Andy Roddick and most recently Coco Gauff, if someone chooses to serve and is broken, they are immediately on the back foot. If they choose to receive and don’t break, they have lost nothing and have a game under their belt before serving themselves.

Weather conditions, how players match up against each other, court surface and how a player feels on any given day can all play a role in the choice. Some players choose an end of the court rather than to serve or receive.

Novak Djokovic said his instinct has changed over the years.

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You’ll have to read it to find out how the greatest ever male player (measured in all sorts of ways) has altered his thinking. But this might be one of the neatest little bits of game theory – aha – that gets tested every day.
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Exercise ‘better than drugs’ to stop cancer returning after treatment, trial finds • The Guardian

Andrew Gregory:

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Exercise can reduce the risk of cancer patients dying by a third, stop tumours coming back and is even more effective than drugs, according to the results of a landmark trial that could transform health guidelines worldwide.

For decades, doctors have recommended adopting a healthy lifestyle to lower the risk of developing cancer. But until now there has been little evidence of the impact it could have after diagnosis, with little support for incorporating exercise into patients’ routines.

Now a world-first trial involving patients from the US, UK, Australia, France, Canada and Israel has found that a structured exercise regime after treatment can dramatically reduce the risk of dying, the disease returning or a new cancer developing.

The results were presented in Chicago at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (Asco) annual meeting, the world’s largest cancer conference, and published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

For the first time in medical history, there was clear evidence that exercise was even better at preventing cancer recurrence and death than many of the drugs currently prescribed to patients, one of the world’s top cancer doctors said.

Dr Julie Gralow, the chief medical officer of Asco, who was not involved in the decade-long study, said the quality of its findings was the “highest level of evidence” and would lead to “a major shift in understanding the importance of encouraging physical activity during and after treatment”.

…Asked to put the effect of exercise on cancer patients’ outcomes into context, Gralow said: “We titled [the session it was presented in] As Good as a Drug. I would have retitled it Better than a Drug, because you don’t have all the side-effects.”

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Medicine remains a mystery, pt 1.
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Down the rabbit hole with xenon • The Curious Wavefunction

Ash Jogalekar:

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I wasn’t aware of this use of xenon [mixed with oxygen to help a rapid Everest ascent] to enhance physical fitness, but I was very much aware of the use of xenon as an anesthetic. You would think that something as commonly used as anesthetics would have their mechanism of action figured out to the last detail, but that’s not the case. The detailed mechanism of anesthetic action is supposed to involve something relatively non-specific like binding to and saturating membranes (there’s some evidence for specific interactions with receptors like NMDA). And it turns out that the use of xenon in enhancing the fitness of Everest-class climbers lends itself to a similar paradigm.

Xenon seems to increase the production of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha or HIF-1α, which is a protein that gets upregulated in oxygen-poor environments. Among other things, it’s a clever hack used by cancer cells to grow in anaerobic environments, and it was the discovery of this fact among others that was recognized by a Nobel Prize a few years ago.

Unsurprisingly, HIF-1α is a part of an entire intricate biochemical cascade involving cell growth and development in both health and disease. But the detailed mechanism of Hif-1α and xenon interaction is fascinating, in part because of how much we don’t know. Under normal conditions with adequate oxygen, HIF-1α is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) which act as a kind of oxygen biosensor. When it hydroxylates prolyl groups on HIF-1α, the protein becomes a substrate for the E3 ligase VHL, which binds to it, slaps on a ubiquitin group and carts it off to the proteasome for degradation. But under hypoxic conditions or in the presence of xenon, the hydroxylation does not occur and HIF-1α gets upregulated.

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What this uncovers is: we just don’t really understand why it works like it does.
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Meta plans to replace humans with AI to assess risks • NPR

Bobby Allyn and Shannon Bond:

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For years, when Meta launched new features for Instagram, WhatsApp and Facebook, teams of reviewers evaluated possible risks: Could it violate users’ privacy? Could it cause harm to minors? Could it worsen the spread of misleading or toxic content?

Until recently, what are known inside Meta as privacy and integrity reviews were conducted almost entirely by human evaluators.

But now, according to internal company documents obtained by NPR, up to 90% of all risk assessments will soon be automated.

In practice, this means things like critical updates to Meta’s algorithms, new safety features and changes to how content is allowed to be shared across the company’s platforms will be mostly approved by a system powered by artificial intelligence — no longer subject to scrutiny by staffers tasked with debating how a platform change could have unforeseen repercussions or be misused.

Inside Meta, the change is being viewed as a win for product developers, who will now be able to release app updates and features more quickly. But current and former Meta employees fear the new automation push comes at the cost of allowing AI to make tricky determinations about how Meta’s apps could lead to real world harm.

“Insofar as this process functionally means more stuff launching faster, with less rigorous scrutiny and opposition, it means you’re creating higher risks,” said a former Meta executive who requested anonymity out of fear of retaliation from the company. “Negative externalities of product changes are less likely to be prevented before they start causing problems in the world.”

Meta said in a statement that it has invested billions of dollars to support user privacy.

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Just one question: what’s that “almost entirely” in the second paragraph? Were they done by automation in the past too? Naturally, too, now we’re going to hand it over to black boxes we don’t entirely understand.
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Bing lets you use OpenAI’s Sora video generator for free • The Verge

Jess Weatherbed:

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Microsoft has added a new AI video generator to its Bing mobile app that’s built on OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video model. The Bing Video Creator announced on Monday provides a free way to generate short clips with Sora, which is normally locked behind ChatGPT subscriptions starting at $20 per month for Plus users.

“Bing Video Creator represents our efforts to democratize the power of AI video generation,” Microsoft said in its announcement. “We believe creativity should be effortless and accessible to help you satisfy your answer-seeking process. We’re excited to empower anyone to turn their words into wonder through an AI-generated video.”

The Video Creator is now rolling out globally (excluding China and Russia) to the Bing Search apps for Android and iPhone, and Microsoft says desktop and Copilot Search support are also “coming soon.” The video generator can be accessed via the menu at the bottom right corner of the Bing app, or by adding a description of the clip you want to make directly to the Bing search bar.

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AI video is going to flood social networks and news sites, isn’t it.
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Business Insider cuts: why 100+ staff are leaving and who’s going • Press Gazette

Dominic Ponsford:

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The cutbacks reflect falling advertising revenue and also a change in strategy at Business Insider away from chasing high traffic towards instead focusing more on paid subscribers. Audience growth and entertainment reporters are among the roles being cut. But many senior investigative journalists producing the sort of content which might drive subscriptions have also been cut, reflecting the fact the changes look likely to be as much about cost-saving as they are about changing editorial priorities.

Business Insider has not reported subscriber numbers since November 2023 when it claimed to have 330,000 paying readers.

Insiders have expressed concern at Business Insider CEO Barbara Peng’s assertion that the company was going “all in on AI” in the same note announcing the lay-offs.

The NUJ represents 15 out of 23 UK Business Insider staff who are facing redundancy. A spokesperson for union members at the company said: “AI will never replace journalists, not unless the future media bosses want is one where content is regurgitated in perpetuity, getting increasingly warped and unrecognisable. In that world, original ideas don’t exist and the powerful are never held to account. We all deserve better than that.”

The job cuts are also reflect a scaling-back of Business Insider’s ambitions since its failed bid to become a general newsbrand in the years from the start of 2021 to the end of 2023 when it rebranded as Insider. It is instead focusing back on business coverage, which drives higher rates of advertising and is more likely to prompt subscriptions.

Business Insider has announced cuts every year since 2023, when it had around 950 staff of which 600 were believed to be in editorial. Some 10% of US staff were cut that year, with a further 8% of worldwide staff going the following year.

The latest job cuts have targeted 21% of the remaining total (which has been falling steadily since 2023 due to a long-standing hiring freeze) so likely at at least another 100 people. One well-placed source said they believe the latest cuts would leave the company no more than half the size it was in headcount terms at its peak pre-2023.

Successive Google algorithm updates have hurt Business Insider traffic in recent years as has Facebook’s move away from working with news publishers.

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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The removal of fluoridation from water in the US could cost millions of teeth and billions in dentistry. (One job AI can’t do..) CC-licensed photo by Electric Teeth on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Brush it off. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

What if Google just broke itself up? A tech insider makes the case • The New York Times

David Streitfeld on the suggestion of Google breaking itself up (as was floated last week by an analyst):

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Adam Kovacevich, the chief executive of Chamber of Progress, a trade group funded by Google and other tech companies, said Google needed to be big and think big.

“It’s a company the size of a cruise ship,” he said. “Could it split itself into four yacht-sized companies? Sure. But what would be gained? Google is locked in an intense competition against the other cruise ships — Apple, Meta, Amazon. And there are some opportunities only a cruise-ship-sized company can tackle, like A.I.”

If a split encourages competition, proponents argue, that will benefit Google’s ad customers, who will see lower prices. Employees might be more challenged working for a smaller company, where it is easier to move higher.

“The breakup of Google would only hurt people who would otherwise benefit from unlawful market power,” said Barry Barnett, an antitrust lawyer at Susman Godfrey. “These might include Google executives, whose compensation could fall; start-ups, which could get lower buyout offers from Google or none at all; and rivals like Apple, which could see chances to share revenue vanish.” Google currently pays Apple $20bn annually to be the default search engine on the Safari browser.

Looming over any discussion of a voluntary breakup is the weight of history. Beyond AT&T, there are few examples of a successful company willing to pull itself apart. Companies that are in permanent slumps have regularly done it, however.

General Electric, whose roots go back to Thomas Edison in 1892 and was once as iconic as Google, split itself into three companies last year after skittering close to death. Hewlett-Packard, another iconic company suffering a long-term decline, broke itself in two in 2015.

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The question is, are all the bits necessary for Google to compete in that way? Microsoft doesn’t have an adtech side and does fine; Google does have a gigantic video site which it would never want to sell. If you were trying to assemble (via acquisition) what you absolutely needed to make “NuGoogle” today, which bits would you really want to buy, and which leave behind? Kovacevich is defending the status quo for no reason other than that it’s the status quo.
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How electric scooters are driving China’s salt battery push • BBC Future

Xiaoying You:

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Dozens of glitzy electric mopeds are lined up outside a shopping mall in the city of Hangzhou in eastern China, drawing passersby to test them.

But these Vespa-like scooters, which sell for between £300 and £500 ($400 and $660), are not powered by the mainstream lead-acid or lithium-ion cells, commonly used in electric two-wheelers. Instead, their batteries are made from sodium, an abundant element that can be extracted from sea salt.

Next to the scooters stand a few fast-charging pillars, which can replenish the vehicles’ power level from 0% to 80% in 15 minutes, according to Yadea, the major Chinese two-wheeler manufacturer holding this promotional event in January 2025 for its newly launched mopeds and charging system. There is also a battery-swapping station, which enables commuters to drop in their spent cells in exchange for fresh ones with a scan of a QR code. (Read more about China’s battery swap stations for electric vehicles here.)

Yadea is one of many companies in China trying to build a competitive edge in alternative battery technologies, a trend that shows just how fast the country’s clean-technology industry is developing.

Even as the rest of the world tries to close its gap with China in the race to make cheap, safe and efficient lithium-ion batteries, Chinese companies have already taken a head-start towards mass producing sodium-ion batteries, an alternative that could help the industry reduce its dependence on key raw minerals.

Chinese carmakers were the first in the world to launch sodium-powered cars. But the impact of these models – all of them tiny with short ranges – has been low so far.

In April 2025, the world’s largest battery manufacturer, China’s CATL, announced its plan to mass-produce sodium-ion batteries for heavy-duty trucks and cars this year under a new brand Naxtra.

… 2021 proved to be a turning point for sodium-ion batteries. The global prices for battery-grade lithium skyrocketed, multiplying over fourfold in a year due to strong demand for electric vehicles (EV) and the Covid-19 pandemic. Battery and EV manufacturers began to look for alternatives.

CATL launched its first-ever sodium-ion battery in July that year, and the move “triggered high industry interest”, says Phate Zhang, founder of the Shanghai-based EV news outlet CnEVPost. Lithium’s prices continued to soar in 2022, driving more cost-conscious Chinese companies towards sodium, he notes.

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China is just ridiculously far ahead in renewable technologies. Ridiculously.
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At Amazon, some coders say their jobs have begun to resemble warehouse work • The New York Times

Noam Scheiber:

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Three Amazon engineers said that managers had increasingly pushed them to use A.I. in their work over the past year. The engineers said that the company had raised output goals and had become less forgiving about deadlines. It has even encouraged coders to gin up new A.I. productivity tools at an upcoming hackathon, an internal coding competition. One Amazon engineer said his team was roughly half the size it had been last year, but it was expected to produce roughly the same amount of code by using A.I.

Amazon said it conducts regular reviews to make sure teams are adequately staffed and may increase their size if necessary. “We’ll continue to adapt how we incorporate Gen A.I. into our processes,” Brad Glasser, an Amazon spokesman, said.

Other tech companies are moving in the same direction. In a memo to employees in April, the chief executive of Shopify, a company that helps entrepreneurs build and manage e-commerce websites, announced that “A.I. usage is now a baseline expectation” and that the company would “add A.I. usage questions” to performance reviews.

Google recently told employees it would soon hold a companywide hackathon in which one category would be creating A.I. tools that could “enhance their overall daily productivity,” according to an internal announcement. Winning teams will receive $10,000. A Google spokesman noted that more than 30% of the company’s code is now suggested by A.I. and accepted by developers.

The shift has not been all negative for workers. At Amazon and other companies, managers argue that A.I. can relieve employees of tedious tasks and enable them to perform more interesting work. Mr. Jassy wrote last year that the company had saved “the equivalent of 4,500 developer-years” by using A.I. to do the thankless work of upgrading old software.

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Sure, managers argue that. Actually, it feels a bit Luddite to say that. It is very hard to figure out the balance between “let the machines do the tedious coding” and “humans need to do the coding”. Obviously it should be much more of the first. But how do you keep it interesting for the people checking it? How does it not become assembly-line work?
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RFK Jr.’s fluoride ban would ruin 25 million kids’ teeth, cost $9.8bn • Ars Technica

Beth Mole:

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Once hailed as a triumph of public health, water fluoridation is now under intense attack in the US.

Despite decades of data proving its efficacy at protecting teeth from decay—particularly children’s teeth—two states have now banned the use of fluoride in public water, and communities around the country have followed suit or are considering doing the same. The current US health secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is known for his anti-vaccine advocacy and for peddling conspiracy theories, has pledged to remove fluoride from US water.

Now, a pair of researchers at Harvard—Sung Eun Choi and Lisa Simon—have modeled exactly what will happen in the US if Kennedy follows through on his pledge: The number of cavities and decayed teeth in American children and teens (ages 0–19) will increase by an estimated 7.5 percentage points over the first five years. That means there will be 25.4m more rotten teeth in the mouths of children and teenagers. The dental bills for the added decay will total at least $9.8bn in that time. Other costs, such as loss of work among parents, were not included, making the financial estimate conservative. But children will also be more miserable, with an estimated loss of 2.9m quality-adjusted life years.

After ten years, the number of additional decayed teeth would be 53.8m at a cost of $19.4bn.

The analysis, published Friday in JAMA Health Forum, drew from real-world dental utilization and oral health data from a national health survey. It also modeled tooth decay as a function of age, sex, race, ethnicity, and income. The model was calibrated against real dental decay prevalence. Costs for dental work were based on standard rates from the American Dental Association, insurance claims, and prior analyses.

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All one can say is: let’s hope this all gets reversed extremely fast when RFK Jr gets fired for.. something or other.
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The Bezos Cannes-tastrophe • Discoursted

Louis Pisano:

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Let’s talk about this floating metaphor for hubris. [Jeff Bezos’s yacht] Koru is a 417-foot schooner with its own backup yacht , a shadow vessel that follows behind like a luxury parasite, carrying toys, staff, and most notably, the helipad. The main yacht is too elegant, too precious, to be burdened with such practicalities.

Together, the vessels burn through hundreds of gallons of diesel per hour. According to researchers from Indiana University and Oxfam, Bezos’s sailing yacht Koru emits approximately 7,154 metric tons of CO₂ annually, the equivalent of emissions from around 1,500 average cars. A single transatlantic trip emits about 230 metric tons of CO₂, roughly equal to the annual emissions of 50 average cars.

You know – the same cars [Bezos fiancée] Lauren Sánchez’s environmental foundation would like you to give up.

And it gets better, or worse, depending on your tolerance for hypocrisy. Turns out, Koru’s gleaming deck may be literally illegal. Its signature honey-toned teak, the kind that gleams in billionaire real estate porn and yachting magazines, may have been sourced from Myanmar, a country under strict EU and U.S. sanctions since a violent 2021 military coup. The teak industry there is notorious for deforestation, forced labor, and enriching the very junta those sanctions are trying to weaken.

Dutch shipbuilder Oceanco had promised in 2019 to stop using Myanmar teak. But according to a new investigation by Dutch prosecutors, they may have broken that promise while building Koru. Not intentionally, they claim, just through good old-fashioned negligence.

The wood for Koru’s deck was supplied by a German partner; the furniture and interior finishes came through a Turkish firm. Oceanco now says it’s “impossible” to trace the origins of the teak used, a claim as convenient as it is damning. In other words: Jeff Bezos, the richest man alive, might be sailing on wood harvested in defiance of international sanctions, wood that helped finance a dictatorship.

So let’s just take stock: a $500m megayacht, burning diesel and lined with possibly illicit teak, floating into the Riviera so its passenger can be honoured for protecting the environment. We are through the looking glass.

The yacht never even docked. It didn’t need to. Its presence was felt, looming offshore like a passive-aggressive ex. And as Koru lingered, massive, menacing, and somehow smug, it became clear: the week’s most absurd plot twist wasn’t even on land yet.

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There is screw-you money, but there’s also screw-you attitude, and the latter is not attractive.
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How the little-known “dark roof” lobby may be making US cities hotter • The Guardian

Amex Alexander:

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It began with a lobbyist’s pitch.

The Tennessee representative Rusty Grills says the lobbyist proposed a simple idea: repeal the state’s requirement for reflective roofs on many commercial buildings.

In late March, Grills and his fellow lawmakers voted to eliminate the rule, scrapping a measure meant to save energy, lower temperatures and protect Tennesseans from extreme heat.

Grills, a Republican, told Floodlight that he introduced the bill to give consumers more choice.

It was another win for a well-organized lobbying campaign led by manufacturers of dark roofing materials.

Industry representatives called the rollback in Tennessee a needed correction as more of the state moved into a hotter climate zone, expanding the reach of the state’s cool-roof rule. Critics called it dangerous and “deceptive”.

“The new law will lead to higher energy costs and greater heat-related illnesses and deaths,” state representative Harold Love and the Rev Jon Robinson said in a statement.

It will, critics warned, make Nashville, Memphis and other cities hotter – particularly in underserved Black and Latino communities, where many struggle to pay their utility bills. Similar lobbying has played out in Denver and Baltimore and at the national level.

Industry groups have questioned the decades-old science behind cool roofs, downplayed the benefits and warned of reduced choice and unintended consequences. “A one-size-fits-all approach doesn’t consider climate variation across different regions,” wrote Ellen Thorp, the executive director of the EPDM Roofing Association, a DC-based national group that represents an industry built primarily on dark materials.

«

I suppose that calling it “Their Dark Materials” wouldn’t have worked for the search engines.
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News influencers on Bluesky versus X/Twitter • Pew Research Center

»

The news influencers from our 2024 sample who are on Bluesky are largely people on the political left. Among those who explicitly identified as liberals or Democrats or who supported Joe Biden or Kamala Harris in summer 2024, 69% now have a Bluesky account. This compares with 15% of news influencers who identified as conservative, Republicans or supporters of Donald Trump. About half of news influencers without a clear political orientation (47%) have a Bluesky account.

At the same time, most news influencers across the political spectrum have not left X. Three-quarters of left-leaning news influencers have an X account, as do 87% of right-leaning news influencers and 83% of those without a clear political orientation.

There is also evidence that news influencers on Bluesky are using the site more than they were at the beginning of the year. About half (54%) of news influencers on Blueksy posted there in the first full week of January, but this share grew to 66% in the last full week of March.

During the same period, X remained popular but saw a small decline in activity: 92% of news influencers on X posted there in the first full week of January, compared with 87% in the last full week of March.

«

Not sure that Bluesky is going to get any real traction. It’s too echo chamber-y.
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Business Insider recommended nonexistent books to staff as it leans into AI • Semafor

Max Tani:

»

In an email to staff last May, a senior editor at Business Insider sent around a list of what she called “Beacon Books,” a list of memoirs and other acclaimed business nonfiction books, with the idea of ensuring staff understood some of the fundamental figures and writing powering good business journalism.

Many of the recommendations were well-known recent business, media, and tech nonfiction titles such as Too Big To Fail by Andrew Ross Sorkin, DisneyWar by James Stewart, and Super Pumped by Mike Isaac.

But a few were unfamiliar to staff. Simply Target: A CEO’s Lessons in a Turbulent Time and Transforming an Iconic Brand by former Target CEO Gregg Steinhafel was nowhere to be found. Neither was Jensen Huang: the Founder of Nvidia, which was supposedly published by the company Charles River Editors in 2019. Semafor could not find any evidence that either book exists.

The list also recommended a book called Mark Zuckerberg Autobiography: The Man Behind the Code, supposedly written by an author named Jasper Robin. While a Goodreads page exists for the book, which claims it is only 61 pages long, the page has no reviews or other information. It is not available for purchase on Amazon or from any other retailers.

Another recommendation was The House of Morgan: An Intimate Portrait of the Most Powerful Banking Family in the World by Fredric Morgan, though no such book exists. The company likely meant to recommend The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance by Ron Chernow. Snapchat 101: Everything You Need to Know about Snapchat for Business by Andrew MacCarthy was on the list of suggested reads, though no such book exists.

«

Hard to know if it’s a hazing ritual (“did you read all the books?” “Yes” “You’re fired”) or yet another bad use of AI.
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Google and DOJ tussle over how AI will remake the web in antitrust closing arguments • Ars Technica

Rya Whitwam:

»

During testimony in early May, Mehta commented that the role AI plays in the trial had evolved very quickly. In 2023, everyone in his courtroom agreed that the impact of AI on search was still years away, and that’s definitely not the case now. That same thread is present in closing arguments.

Mehta asked the DOJ’s Dahlquist if someone new was just going to “come off the sidelines” and build a new link-based search product, given  the developments with AI. Dahlquist didn’t answer directly, noting that although generative AI products didn’t exist at the time covered by the antitrust action, they would be key to search going forward. Google certainly believes the AI future is already here—it has gone all-in with AI search over the past year.

At the same time, Google is seeking to set itself apart from AI upstarts. “Generative AI companies are not trying to out-Google Google,” said Schmidtlein. Google’s team contends that its actions have not harmed any AI products like ChatGPT or Perplexity, and at any rate, they are not in the search market as defined by the court.

Mehta mused about the future of search, suggesting we may have to rethink what a general search engine is in 2025. “Maybe people don’t want 10 blue links anymore,” he said.

«

Google is ducking and diving on this, but this is now about remedies, not findings.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

The innocent looking Amazon Fire Stick is enabling “industrial” levels of sports piracy, research says. CC-licensed photo by Bill Smith on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

A selection of 9 links for you. Insufficiently cryptic. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

Ukraine says it destroyed dozens of warplanes deep inside Russia • WSJ

Jane Lytvynenko:

»

Ukraine launched audacious drone attacks on four military airports inside Russia, destroying more than 40 warplanes in the biggest blow of the war against Moscow’s long-range bomber fleet.

The attack, dubbed “Spider’s Web,” took a year and a half to prepare, officials at Ukraine’s main security and intelligence agency, the SBU, said on Sunday. Ukraine’s drones targeted Russia’s Belaya, Ivanovo, Dyagilevo and Olenya air bases, all of which house Russian military planes. 

The bombardment is a significant victory for Ukraine’s deep-strike program, which uses drones to target crucial materiel on Russia’s soil. Ukraine’s intelligence agency has used sea drones and long-range bombing drones to strike inside Russia. 

Video of the attack taken by drones showed smoke emanating from planes at Belaya airfield near Russia’s border with Mongolia, according to footage shared by Ukrainian intelligence officials.

…Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said in a video address that the “absolutely unique operation” involved 117 drones. The base of the operation was located near an office of Russia’s Federal Security Service, Zelensky said.

“We will defend ourselves with all available methods,” Zelensky said.

Ukrainian intelligence officials said the agency moved the small quadcopter drones to Russian territory. It then moved wooden containers to Russia, which were used to hide the drones ahead of the attack. When it came time to strike, the containers were placed on trucks and the lids of the containers were opened remotely. The swarm of drones flew out to find their targets.

In a video posted to social media, a drone appeared to take off out of a container with a buzzing sound. Shots rang out in an apparent attempt to down it. Another drone flew out of the container in the same direction. In another video, an explosion strikes a plane parked at an airport.

“This is not yet a knockout, but quite a serious knockdown for the enemy,” said Iryna Vereshchuk, a top official in Zelensky’s office. “This is exactly what wars of the future will look like.”

«

Military planners should be looking at this with a mixture of horror and delight. War is a lot cheaper now. It’s also much more difficult to know what you need to defend yourself against. Russia is going to have no idea what to watch for now.
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AI didn’t kill Stack Overflow • InfoWorld

Matthew Tyson:

»

Stack Overflow’s most revolutionary aspect was its reputation system. That is what elevated it above the crowd. The brilliance of the rep game allowed Stack Overflow to absorb all the other user-driven sites for developers and more or less kill them off.

On Stack Overflow, users earned reputation points and badges for asking good questions and providing helpful answers. In the beginning, what was considered a good question or answer was not predetermined; it was a natural byproduct of actual programmers upvoting some exchanges and not others.

The reputation game was always imperfect: People could and did game the game. But whatever; it was fun, and most users found it helpful. So, what happened? Stack Overflow evolved toward being a so-called self-governing platform, where the power to govern (or moderate) was granted by reputation. Users with enough reputation were empowered to manage various aspects of the platform. Most importantly, they became responsible for moderating questions and answers for “quality.”

For Stack Overflow, the new model, along with highly subjective ideas of “quality” opened the gates to a kind of Stanford Prison Experiment. Rather than encouraging a wide range of interactions and behaviors, moderators earned reputation by culling interactions they deemed irrelevant. Suddenly, Stack Overflow wasn’t a place to go and feel like you were part of a long-lived developer culture. Instead, it became an arena where you had to prove yourself over and over again.

…I remember a non-programmer looking over my shoulder once when I was on Stack Overflow. “Why do people help? Just for nothing?” The joy of being able to help someone by sharing what you’ve learned is something you must experience yourself to understand.

Possibly the best analogy is seeing someone whose car has broken down on the side of the road. You pull over to help because you’ve been there; you know what being broken down on the side of the road feels like. Maybe you can help, and even if you can’t, at least the stranded driver knows someone cares. And then there is the boost of discovering the source of the problem: “Look, here’s a loose coolant clamp.” That shared thrill is what we lost when Stack Overflow let the reputation game win.

«

The number of monthly questions being asked on Stack Overflow now is apparently as low as when it launched in 2009. But that must, surely, be due to LLMs. Moderation is annoying, but it won’t put people off a site that they actually find useful. LLMs have an answer, right or wrong, straight away, rather than waiting the unknown period required for an answer to appear on Stack Overflow.
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Football and other premium TV being pirated at “industrial scale” • BBC News

Graham Fraser:

»

A lack of action by big tech firms is enabling the “industrial scale theft” of premium video services, especially live sport, a new report says.

The research by Enders Analysis, accuses Amazon, Google, Meta and Microsoft of “ambivalence and inertia” over a problem it says costs broadcasters revenue and puts users at an increased risk of cyber-crime.

Gareth Sutcliffe and Ollie Meir, who authored the research, described the Amazon Fire Stick – which they argue is the device many people use to access illegal streams – as “a piracy enabler”. Amazon told BBC News that it remained “vigilant in our efforts to combat piracy”.

Sports broadcasting is big business, with the total value of media rights across the world passing the $60bn (£44bn) mark last year. The increasing cost of rights deals results in higher prices for fans at home, especially if they choose to pay for multiple services to watch their team play. To get round this, some resort to illegal streams of big events.

Enders say there are often multiple streams of individual events – such as high profile football games – each of which can have tens of thousands of people watching them.

Bosses of big rights holders, Sky and DAZN, have previously warned piracy is causing a financial crisis in the broadcast industry, external. Nick Herm, chief operating officer of Sky Group, said the Enders research “highlights the significant scale and impact of piracy, particularly on premium live sport”.

“It’s a serious issue for anyone who invests in creating and delivering world-class content,” he added. “We’d like to see faster, more joined-up action from major tech platforms and government to address the problem and help protect the UK creative industries.”

There is a risk for users too. The Enders report says fans watching football matches, for instance, via illegal streams are typically providing information such as credit card details and email addresses, leaving them vulnerable to malware and phishing scams.

«

Sky put huge effort into its encryption systems, though those too have been cracked (or the signals just decoded for normal TV and rebroadcast). What nobody can put a value on, of course, is how much the piracy loses to rights holders, and how much it puts prices up (if at all).
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LinkedIn executive: AI is coming for entry-level jobs • The New York Times

Aneesh Raman is “chief economic opportunity officer” at LinkedIn:

»

Breaking first is the bottom rung of the career ladder. In tech, advanced coding tools are creeping into the tasks of writing simple code and debugging — the ways junior developers gain experience. In law firms, junior paralegals and first-year associates who once cut their teeth on document review are handing weeks of work over to A.I. tools to complete in a matter of hours. And across retailers, A.I. chatbots and automated customer service tools are taking on duties once assigned to young associates.

These changes coincide with a shift appearing in the latest employment numbers. The unemployment rate for college grads has risen 30% [from 2% to 2.6% – Overspill Ed] since September 2022, compared with about 18% for all workers. [Note this is using percentages, not percentage points – Overspill Ed]

And while LinkedIn’s Workforce Confidence Index, a measure of job and career confidence across nearly 500,000 professionals, is hitting new lows amid general uncertainty, members of Generation Z are more pessimistic about their futures than any other age group out there. Meanwhile, in our recent survey of over 3,000 executives on LinkedIn at the vice president level or higher, 63% agreed that A.I. will eventually take on some of the mundane tasks currently allocated to their entry-level employees.

Virtually all jobs will experience some impacts, but office jobs are expected to feel the biggest crunch: Our research suggests that professionals with more advanced degrees are more likely to see their jobs disrupted than those without. While the technology sector is feeling the first waves of change, reflecting A.I.’s mass adoption in this field, the erosion of traditional entry-level tasks is expected to play out in fields like finance, travel, food and professional services, too.

…any change to young workers’ job fortunes hits them at a particularly vulnerable time; getting a late start can slow down workers’ careers for decades. The Center for American Progress found that young adults who experience six months of unemployment at age 22 can expect to earn approximately $22,000 less over the next decade.

Also concerning is the potential for widening inequality in the job market. If entry-level roles evaporate, those lacking elite networks or privileged backgrounds will face even steeper barriers to finding their footing in the workplace. Plus, the fallout from large-scale economic shifts ripples through entire communities. When manufacturing jobs vanished across America’s heartland, the result wasn’t just lost income but also social and political upheaval.

To fix entry-level work, we’ll have to reimagine it entirely.

«

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Builder.ai faked business with Indian Firm VerSe to inflate sales, sources say • Financial Post

Yazhou Sun, Mark Bergen and Newley Purnell:

»

Builder.ai, the artificial intelligence startup that recently announced plans to declare bankruptcy, faked business with the Indian social-media startup VerSe Innovation for years to falsely inflate its sales, according to documents reviewed by Bloomberg and people with direct knowledge of the practice.The two companies routinely billed one another for roughly the same amounts between 2021 and 2024, documents reviewed by Bloomberg show, as part of an alleged practice known as “round-tripping” that the people said Builder.ai used to inflate revenue figures it presented to investors. In many cases, products and services weren’t actually provided to either company for these payments, said the people, who asked not to be identified discussing confidential information.

Umang Bedi, a VerSe co-founder, said it was “absolutely baseless and false” that his company would have recorded expenses or billed services that it didn’t receive or provide. “We’re not the kind of company that is in the business of inflating revenues,” he said in an interview. The company said that the services bought and sold to Builder.ai have been verified by reputable external organizations. Accusations of round tripping are “defamatory and irresponsible,” and it’s incorrect to say that the companies routinely billed each other for roughly the same amount, VerSe said.

A representative for Builder.ai declined to comment. 

Builder.ai, once valued at about $1.5bn, is the most high-profile AI startup to collapse since ChatGPT’s launch started a global investment frenzy. Its downfall shows the risks inherent in the rush to back AI startups as investors seek to replicate the success of industry heavyweights such as OpenAI and Anthropic. The London-based startup, which pitched its tech as a way to make apps with little or no coding, said earlier in May it planned to file for bankruptcy after a major creditor seized most of its cash.

«

More background on the Builder.ai shenanigans from May.
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Inflation-weary Americans queue for toilet paper and cheap Bordeaux • Financial Times

Gregory Meyer:

»

Inflation-scarred American consumers are putting up with long lines and paying cash for the privilege of shopping at members-only stores, which are capturing an ever-large share of the US retail sector.

Costco, Sam’s Club and BJ’s Wholesale Club have lured more customers with the promise of low prices on carefully curated items sold in bulk. 

Visiting the stores often means wandering aisles formed by towers of merchandise stacked atop shipping pallets, with scarce navigational help from sales clerks. Car parks can be jammed, with vehicles backed up 10 deep for Costco petrol. 

But to varying degrees, the chains are investing to streamline the experience, heaping pressure on traditional retailers that rely on higher mark-ups. 

The boom in warehouse clubs is among the effects of inflation that left US consumer prices 26% higher than in 2019, before the Covid-19 pandemic. Consumer surveys show continued anxiety over inflation as the US imposes tariffs on trading partners. 

“Through good times we do well, and through times that are tough we do even better,” said Chris Nicholas, chief executive of Sam’s Club US, which has $92.6bn in sales.

Sam’s Club, a unit of retail group Walmart, reported same-store sales rose by 6.7% in the first quarter, excluding fuel, outpacing the growth at its corporate parent’s namesake US stores. 

«

I can never square these stories with the ones which say that Americans are dramatically richer than all of Europe. (Thanks Gregory B for the link.)
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Scientists crack the code to Black Death’s prolonged reign of terror • The Times

Rhys Blakely:

»

New research shows how a single gene in Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, allowed it to endure across centuries, giving rise to a “slow continual burn” — even after it had already killed an estimated 30%-60% of the populations of Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

The study, led by scientists at McMaster University in Canada and the Pasteur Institute in France, analysed hundreds of samples from both ancient and modern plague victims, focusing on a gene known as pla, which allows Y.pestis to hide from the immune system.

The more copies of pla that a strain of plague has, the deadlier it is — both to humans and to the rats that are its main host.

The study, published in the journal Science, found that after the start of the Black Death, Y.pestis evolved to have fewer copies of pla. This reduced the death rate by an estimated 20% and allowed infected hosts to live for longer. In turn, this allowed the disease to spread further.

A similar evolutionary change occurred after the Plague of Justinian that devastated the Mediterranean in the 6th century, and was also seen in modern strains of plague, which continue to cause cases in countries including Madagascar and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The main impact of the evolutionary change was on rodents. As the initial, more dangerous strains of Y.pestis killed huge numbers during the Black Death, rat populations would have become scattered into smaller, isolated groups.

In this new environment, milder strains of the plague — those that killed more slowly — had an advantage. They gave infected rats more time to move between these scattered groups, spreading the disease further. Instead of burning out, it continued its march at a slower, more sustained pace.

«

It’s always counterintuitive that being less deadly makes a disease more likely to become established. What I’d like to know though is what marked out the people who survived the deadlier version.
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The “beige Amazon influencer” lawsuit is headed for dismissal • The Verge

Mia Sato:

»

The legal battle between two Amazon influencers with unsettlingly similar styles and vibes is nearing resolution. On Wednesday the two influencers asked a judge to dismiss the copyright case, more than a year after it was initially filed and six months after I wrote about it in The Verge.

The lawsuit was simultaneously disconcerting and benign, eerie and borderline comical: the story of two women whose lives had begun to resemble each other’s via social media platforms made for a compelling storyline. The cream, white, and beige aesthetic of their content (and lives) meant that the essence of what was allegedly infringed was commonplace, even basic — but the similarities, documented over dozens of examples submitted to the court, were strange nonetheless.

But the case was significant: it appears to be the first suit of its kind tackling influencer industry content, and the litany of allegations could have had the defendant, Alyssa Sheil, on the hook for millions of dollars in damages. Sydney Nicole Sloneker (née Gifford), the plaintiff and fellow Amazon influencer, said Sheil violated her copyright when Sheil posted similar-looking photos and videos that promoted the same products. Gifford also alleged trade dress infringement and misappropriation of likeness, among other claims, stemming from Sheil’s content that looks uncannily like Gifford’s — or perhaps the other way around.

Sheil’s attorneys write in a statement that she will be paying nothing for Gifford’s claims, and that in some of the instances where Gifford alleged copying, Sheil had actually taken her photos and videos first.

…The beige Amazon influencer dispute may be nearing a close, but the disputes at the heart of the case — who owns an online persona, whether influencer content is art, and what social media algorithms do to the aesthetic of the web — are as salient as ever.

«

(Thanks Gregory B for the link.)
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OpenAI spent $3m on that Jony Ive and Sam Altman video • The San Francisco Standard

David Sjostedt:

»

Two cups of single-shot espresso at Cafe Zoetrope will set you back about $10. 
What really runs up the tab, however, is hiring an Academy Award-winning director to film you and your friend walking there to drink them.

That costs about $3m.

At least it did for tech titans Sam Altman and Jony Ive, according to film permits obtained by The Standard.
Altman, king of the chatbots, and Ive, iPhone designer, last week unveiled their collaborative company io in a nine-minute commercial. Gushing with backslapping pride, the video shows the best friends swanning through downtown and North Beach streets for nearly a minute and a half before convening over the zinc bar at Zoetrope to hype a mysterious product they’re developing together.

Though it may appear that Ive, who was wearing an army-style field jacket, and Altman, rocking lego-themed Adidas sneakers, were walking among the rest of us on the city’s streets, the film permits reveal the two tech bosses went to great lengths to insert themselves into “ordinary” life, shutting down roadways in the heart of North Beach, relocating a bus stop, and hiring San Francisco Police Department officers to redirect traffic. 

The five-day production by Bob Industries, a Santa Monica-based video company, and director Davis Guggenheim, who won an Oscar in 2007 for his documentary “An Inconvenient Truth,” totaled $3 million, of which $1 million was spent in San Francisco, the permits reveal. Roughly $30,000 went to the SFPD. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency got about $2,700, and the Office of Economic and Workforce Development walked away with $1,500. 

The production company also booked 275 hotel nights and made 75 “local hires.”

«

Apparently most commercials would cost about $1m – $1.5m. But of course Jony Ive’s one would cost twice as much and have less useful content.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

These crackers weren’t intended to be tasty at all when first invented. CC-licensed photo by Andrea Goh on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

It’s Friday, so there’s another post due at the Social Warming Substack at about 0845 UK time.

A selection of 10 links for you. No Ritz? I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

Trump administration’s MAHA report on children’s health filled with flawed references, including some studies that don’t exist • CNN

Brenda Goodman, Jacqueline Howard and Betsy Klein:

»

The first report from the Trump administration’s Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) Commission, released last week, appears to be rife with errors, including some studies that don’t exist.

Touted by US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as a milestone, the report lays out the government’s priorities for addressing chronic health problems in children, which it ascribes to poor diet, lack of exercise, stress, overprescribing of drugs and exposure to environmental chemicals.

The sweeping 78-page document was produced in a little more than three months after it was ordered by President Donald Trump. It contained 522 references to studies, government reports and news articles. But some of these references were wrong or don’t appear to exist. In other cases, studies in the report were misrepresented, according to the researchers who conducted them.

The citation errors were first reported by NOTUS, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news site created by former Politico Publisher Robert Allbritton.

An updated version of the report was posted online Thursday with some changes to the text and the works cited.

NOTUS identified seven studies in the original report that didn’t appear to exist.

One of them was credited to Dr. Katherine Keyes, an epidemiologist at Columbia University, and titled “Changes in mental health and substance use among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.” Keyes said she does study anxiety in teens, but she didn’t author any study with that title.

«

Absolutely typical of the Trump administration not to take any care in devision such a report. But how do you quote studies that don’t exist? How don’t you check that? Of course they used a chatbot to compile it – demanding that it write all the content – but it’s ridiculous. Slovenly and stupid.
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Why were Graham Crackers invented? The reason is truly bizarre • All That’s Interesting

John Kuroski:

»

The graham cracker needs no introduction. [English readers: OK, it does. It’s basically a sort of ryebread cracker like you’d put cheese on.] Today, these delightfully crunchy snacks are a common fixture at campfire gatherings, serving as a key ingredient of s’mores and helping to deliver the delicious combination of chocolate and toasted marshmallow to one’s mouth.

Few people stop to think about why graham crackers were invented, though, and most would likely assume that their creation was a typical culinary experiment. But this assumption is far from the truth. The original purpose of the graham cracker was, in fact, to repress sexual desires in all who ate them.

…Sylvester Graham believed that people should eat like Adam and Eve did, theorizing that indulging in rich, flavorful foods — think meats, fats, and anything with spices — could ignite carnal desires and lead individuals down a path of moral decay. In his view, a bland diet was the key to maintaining sexual purity and restraint. He advocated for a vegetarian lifestyle centered around whole wheats, which he believed would curb lustful thoughts.

The philosophy came to be known as the “Graham Diet,” which included an early, now-unrecognizable version of the graham cracker.

While promoting his “Graham Diet,” Graham spoke out against the additives that were being put in processed bread at the time to make it whiter and the preservatives that kept the bread from spoiling. He promoted homemade bread — emphasizing the importance of using whole wheat flour — in his 1837 book A Treatise on Bread and Bread-Making.
He also promoted virtually flavorless food, thinking that adding spices or sugars to foods increased people’s sexual urges, and suggested bland products to avoid stimulating the body in an “unholy” way.

«

Graham was an, er, inspiration for John Kellogg who did indeed invent those breakfast cereals you’ve heard of.
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Trump administration pulls the plug on the bird flu vaccine • NPR

Rob Stein:

»

The federal government announced Wednesday that it is cancelling a contract to develop a vaccine to protect people against flu viruses that could cause pandemics, including the bird flu virus that’s been spreading among dairy cows in the U.S., citing concerns about the safety of the mRNA technology being used.

The Department of Health and Human Services said it is terminating a $766m contract with the vaccine company Moderna to develop an mRNA vaccine to protect people against flu strains with pandemic potential, including the H5N1 bird flu virus that’s been raising fears.

“After a rigorous review, we concluded that continued investment in Moderna’s H5N1 mRNA vaccine was not scientifically or ethically justifiable,” HHS Communications Director Andrew Nixon said in a statement.

“This is not simply about efficacy — it’s about safety, integrity, and trust. The reality is that mRNA technology remains under-tested, and we are not going to spend taxpayer dollars repeating the mistakes of the last administration, which concealed legitimate safety concerns from the public,” Nixon said.

…Jennifer Nuzzo, the director of Brown University’s Pandemic Center, said the decision was “disappointing, but unsurprising given the politically-motivated, evidence-free rhetoric that tries to paint mRNA vaccines as being dangerous.”

“While there are other means of making flu vaccines in a pandemic, they are slower and some rely on eggs, which may be in short supply,” Nuzzo added in an email.

«

The line about eggs is thermonuclear-grade hot. Anyway, looks like the watching brief needs to keep watching.
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The myth of automated learning • New Cartographies

Nicholas Carr thinks the threat of AI in education is because it discourages the process of learning:

»

You can speculate all you want about computers eventually attaining human-level intelligence or even “superintelligence,” but for the time being AI is doing something that has a long precedent in human affairs. Whether it’s engaged in research or summarization, writing words or creating charts, it is replacing human labour with machine labour.

Thanks to human-factors researchers and the mountain of evidence they’ve compiled on the consequences of automation for workers, we know that one of three things happens when people use a machine to automate a task they would otherwise have done themselves:

• Their skill in the activity grows
• Their skill in the activity atrophies
• Their skill in the activity never develops.

Which scenario plays out hinges on the level of mastery a person brings to the job. If a worker has already mastered the activity being automated, the machine can become an aid to further skill development. It takes over a routine but time-consuming task, allowing the person to tackle and master harder challenges. In the hands of an experienced mathematician, for instance, a slide rule or a calculator becomes an intelligence amplifier.

If, however, the maintenance of the skill in question requires frequent practice — as is the case with most manual skills and many skills requiring a combination of manual and mental dexterity — then automation can threaten the talent of even a master practitioner. We see this in aviation. When skilled pilots become so dependent on autopilot systems that they rarely practice manual flying, they suffer what researchers term “skill fade.” They lose situational awareness, and their reactions slow. They get rusty.

…Unlike carpentry or calculus, learning is not a skill that can be “mastered.” It’s true that the more research you do, the better you’ll get at doing research, and the more papers you write, the better you’ll get at writing papers, but the pedagogical value of a writing assignment doesn’t lie in the tangible product of the work — the paper that gets handed in at the assignment’s end. It lies in the work itself: the critical reading of source materials, the synthesis of evidence and ideas, the formulation of a thesis and an argument, and the expression of thought in a coherent piece of writing.

«

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Apple is reportedly going to rename all of its operating systems • The Verge

Jay Peters:

»

Apple is going to change how it names its next set of major operating systems, Bloomberg reports. Instead of just notching up the version number, Apple will instead mark them by year.

However, the numbers will apparently align with the year after the one the update is actually released in, similar to cars. That means that the next big iOS update will be iOS 26 instead of iOS 19. Bloomberg says that other upcoming name changes include iPadOS 26, macOS 26, watchOS 26, tvOS 26, and visionOS 26.

Apple plans to officially announce the change at its Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), which kicks off on June 9th. The idea is to make Apple’s software version numbers more consistent. Right now, the version numbers are all over the place; the current naming schemes include things like iOS 18, watchOS 12, and visionOS 2.

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Makes sense, I suppose? Except calling the software released this year by next year’s number is.. oh well. People who don’t get to hear about this are going to be confused as hell when they see their Watch go from 12 to 26, and wonder what on earth happened to 13-25.
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Dieselgate pollution killed 16,000 people in UK, study estimates • The Guardian

Damian Carrington:

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The excess pollution emitted as a result of the Dieselgate scandal has killed about 16,000 people in the UK and caused 30,000 cases of asthma in children, according to a new analysis. A further 6,000 premature deaths will occur in coming years without action, the researchers said.

The Dieselgate scandal erupted in 2015 when diesel cars were found to be emitting far more toxic air pollution on the roads than when they passed regulatory tests, due to the use of illegal “defeat devices”.

Large fines and compulsory recalls of vehicles to remove or disable the defeat devices took place in the US. But experts say the UK and most EU countries have lagged far behind, leading to devastating impacts on health, and urge immediate action. Many millions of highly polluting diesel vehicles remain on the roads in the UK and EU.

The analysis estimated the impact of only the excess pollution released due to the defeat devices, not the total emissions from the cars. In the UK, these excess emissions had led to 800,000 days of sick leave and a total economic burden due to deaths and poor health of £96bn by 2024.

Across the UK and EU combined, the fallout from Dieselgate has included about 124,000 early deaths and economic damage of €760bn (£637bn), the study estimated. Without action, a further 81,000 premature deaths and €430bn are projected by 2040, by which time most Dieselgate vehicles will no longer be in use.

“Our calculations reveal the widespread and devastating health impacts of excessive diesel emissions – thousands of lives cut short, countless children developing asthma, and an immense burden of chronic illness,” said Dr Jamie Kelly, at the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (Crea), which conducted the research for environmental law group ClientEarth.

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Before you scoff at the numbers, or the idea that vehicle exhausts could have such effects, remember that lead used to be a component of petrol, leading to dramatic levels of air pollution and, in turn, blood lead levels which dropped dramatically when it was banned. Dieselgate is egregious because the effects of particulates were known when the “defeat devices” were built.
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German court confirms civil liability for corporate climate harms • Climate Rights International

»

In a landmark ruling advancing efforts to hold major polluters accountable for transnational climate-related harms, on May 28 a German court concluded that a corporation can be held liable under civil law for its proportional contribution to global climate change, Climate Rights International said today. 

Filed in 2015, the case against German energy giant RWE AG challenged the corporation to pay for its proportional share of adaptation costs needed to protect the Andean city of Huaraz, Peru, from a flood from a glacial lake exacerbated by global warming. RWE AG, one of Europe’s largest emitters, is estimated to be responsible for approximately 0.47% of global historical global greenhouse gas emissions.

“This groundbreaking ruling confirms that corporate emitters can no longer hide behind borders, politics, or scale to escape responsibility,” said Lotte Leicht, Advocacy Director at Climate Rights International. “The court’s message is clear: major carbon polluters can be held legally responsible for their role in driving the climate crisis and the resulting human rights and economic harms. If the reasoning of this decision is adopted by other courts, it could lay the foundation for ending the era of impunity for fossil fuel giants and other big greenhouse gas emitters.”

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There’s an article about the Peruvian farmer (yes really) who brought this lawsuit at Climate Change News.

After this week’s collapse of a glacier in Switzerland, this ruling feels like the coming together of strands of possibility.
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U.S. pauses exports of airplane and semiconductor technology to China • The New York Times

Ana Swanson:

»

The Trump administration has suspended some sales to China of critical U.S. technologies, including those related to jet engines, semiconductors and certain chemicals and machinery. The move is a response to China’s recent restrictions on exports of critical minerals to the United States, a decision by Beijing that has threatened to cripple U.S. company supply chains, according to two people familiar with the matter.

The new limits are pushing the world’s largest economies a step closer toward supply chain warfare, as Washington and Beijing try to flex their power over essential economic components in an attempt to gain the upper hand in an intensifying trade conflict.

A growing standoff over critical supply chains could have significant implications for companies that depend on foreign technologies, including makers of airplanes, robots, cars and semiconductors.

It could also complicate efforts to negotiate an end to a trade fight over the administration’s tariff policies. On May 12, negotiators from the two countries agreed to reduce the punishing tariffs they have imposed on each other for 90 days while negotiators sought a longer-term resolution.

Scott Bessent, the Treasury secretary, said at the time that “the consensus from both delegations is that neither side wanted a decoupling.” Yet the administration continues to target China with punitive measures. Secretary of State Marco Rubio also announced on Wednesday that the United States would “aggressively revoke” visas for Chinese students who study in critical fields or who have connections to the Chinese Communist Party.

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Given that a US court declared Trump’s tariffs illegal (see p25 of the judgment), all they have now is reciprocal export wars. China might win that one too.
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AI-powered political fanfiction racks up views online • Semafor

David Weigel and Kadia Goba:

»

Rep. Jasmine Crockett, D-Texas, kept herself busy on Tuesday. She confronted Elon Musk in a closed-door meeting, got Supreme Court justices John Roberts and Clarence Thomas arrested, ended the career of Georgia Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, and humiliated Colorado Rep. Lauren Boebert.

Crockett’s busy — and fictional — day unfolded on “Mr. Noah’s Stories,” a YouTube channel that inserts the names of public figures into lengthy fanfiction videos. It’s one of many accounts, across social media sites, that serves the appetite for dramatic, partisan stories by making them up.

With little fanfare — maybe “with jaw clenched,” as these overwritten stories often put it — Crockett’s gotten a few of the fakes taken down, and ignored the rest.

“Clearly the algorithm loves my name, so people do stuff with my name,” Crockett told Semafor. “I’ve just told people at this point, if it’s an AI-generated voice, it’s probably a lie.”

Hard to avoid on TikTok, YouTube or Facebook, AI-generated slop has become a barometer of political fame, just as it has of pop culture celebrity. Cabinet secretaries, members of Congress, and presidential family members regularly appear in fake stories with tidy narratives.

They fly under the radar. They sometimes get more views than real-world political reporting that’s not built for the algorithms.

And they’ve become irritating, and worrying, to some members of Congress.

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There’s no way this ends well. The problem is, how do you police it? AI systems already fail to tell truth from fiction, just as humans do.
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Sam Altman and Jony Ive will force A.I. into your life • The New Yorker

Kyle Chayka:

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It will reportedly not attempt to supplant the other technologies you depend on: according to the Wall Street Journal, Altman described it as a kind of third device, meant to work within an ecosystem that includes your laptop and smartphone. But it will effectively be a self-surveillance machine that creates a technological scrim for your personal reality.

The involvement of Ive invites inevitable comparisons with the iPhone, but this is not necessarily a compliment; to many of us, an iPhone of A.I. sounds less like a utopian promise than like a threat that A.I. will soon become ubiquitous and unavoidable. Smartphones have already absorbed us in our screens, creating personalized information bubbles; omnipresent A.I. will only intensify that atomization while being more automated, more inscrutable, and more inescapable.

The video claims that more information about the new product will be shared next year, which would mean that we’re currently in the Palm Pilot stage of A.I.—with the iPhone-like invention looming around the corner, poised to obliterate the competition.

But there are vast logistical hurdles to achieving this optimistic timeline for ubiquitous consumer A.I. More than a billion people in the world own iPhones. Some research estimates that generating a typical e-mail using A.I. consumes a bottle’s worth of water to siphon heat away from the data centers’ servers to separate cooling towers. This means that, if we all started using our personal A.I. machines dozens of times a day, as we do our iPhones, the environmental toll of our personal technology would skyrocket—imagine something like turning every car on the road into a diesel truck.

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Not to worry – it’s not as if the world has a problem with how it generates its energy, after all.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

On Wall Street, they have a new food-based acronym for Trump’s trade policies – and he doesn’t like it at all. CC-licensed photo by Tim Reckmann on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Mexico isn’t paying for this either. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

There’s more film and television for you to watch than ever before; good luck finding it • Salon.com

Coleman Spilde:

»

Not long ago, if you wanted to see a movie at your local theatre, you could pick up the paper and look at the daily advertisements to find showtimes. That lasted even through the brief Moviefone boom, where users could dial a number to get automated showtimes, which was still a low-tech way to find out what was playing nearby. But then came the internet, and every piece of useful technology exploded, with the shrapnel extending to the far recesses of the digital Rubicon.

Some theatres featured digital ticketing, others did not, causing services like Fandango to prioritize movie houses with digital tickets, allowing the platform to earn a service fee on top of a customer’s purchase. For smaller theatres — whether they were independently owned or just a single or few-screen theatre in a corporate chain — the digital revolution spelled disaster. The multiplex boom at the turn of the millennium saw theatres that couldn’t adapt to new, digital revenue streams crushed under the financial pressure. In 2000 alone, Carmike Cinemas, Edwards Theatres and General Cinema all filed for bankruptcy. 

The ripples of this roaring tech age are still being felt. There is now such a proliferation of digital media that navigating between apps, emails, videos and texts just to find something to watch feels like a massive undertaking. The window between a movie trailer being released and the film itself being released into theatres has tightened, and the window between a film’s theatrical release and its streaming release is sometimes even shorter. With the expansion of streaming, there are more titles at our disposal than ever. But when it comes to finding something you want to watch, good luck fighting against the algorithms, shoddy user interfaces and glitchy applications. In trying to make media-watching “easier,” tech has slowed the process to a maddening plod. 

“If I ever try scrolling through endless titles on a specific streamer’s landing page, it can feel like a Herculean task,” says Cameron Nudleman, an avid film-lover based in Austin, Texas. Nudleman prefers to use his Amazon Fire Stick’s voice search feature to look for specific titles he’s interested in, but that experience is its own can of worms. “I chose a Fire Stick because, as an existing Prime customer, it felt like the easiest and cheapest way to host all of my streaming services in one place. While the experience isn’t entirely awful, I would rate it a six at best.”

«

Well, I do know that the new Mission: Impossible film is out now, and that I’m going to watch it on Thursday evening in IMAX. So some of it works. (Side note: Americans spell it “theater” – I changed all the spellings to the English “theatre” – but then use “theatrical” as the adjective, rather than “theaterical”. Howcome?)
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This film was made entirely with Runway AI and Google’s Veo. It nearly broke us • WSJ

Joanna Stern and Jarrard Cole:

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Welcome to the premiere of “My Robot & Me.” Please silence your phones, chew your popcorn quietly and remember: Every visual you’re about to see was generated with AI. Most of the audio too, except my voice.

Some of it’s totally wild. You won’t believe that no real cameras were used. Some of it, you’ll laugh at, because it’s clearly not real. I promise you, I did not have facial reconstructive surgery between scenes. But enough from me. Hopefully by now you’ve watched the film [in the story], complete with its behind-the-scenes look. Just come back—we’ve got some lessons to share.

Yes, we. To make this film, I teamed up with Jarrard Cole, a real human producer. We met over a decade ago here at WSJ, experimenting with helmet cams and new video formats like VR. These days, he’s become obsessed with AI video tools. So I challenged him to make a totally AI video. How hard could it be?

Very hard. Over a thousand clips, days of work and who knows how much data-center computing power later, we ended up with a three-minute film—about my life with a new kind of efficiency robot. Even if you don’t care about camera angles or storyboards, you might care about what this says about using AI in any job.

…Think you can paste in a script and out pops a Netflix hit? Cute. Every shot of ours was the result of many prompts and generation attempts. And to keep characters and sets consistent from scene to scene, Jarrard invented a whole production pipeline.

The quick version: We used AI image generator Midjourney to generate our sets (a suburban neighborhood, a newsroom) and to design our robot star. Then we used photos of real me to create AI me. We uploaded those to Runway or Veo, where we wrote prompts. Here’s a short one: Low angle shot: Joanna does push-ups at a brisk pace, maintaining a straight line from head to heel. The robot stands above, monitoring and guiding.

That careful, specific wording made a huge difference. As a filmmaker, Jarrard could break down scenes beat by beat, specifying camera angles, lighting styles and movement. That nail-biter ending? Every shot was carefully described to build suspense. And it still took us over 1,000 clips. Some were complete disasters, with anatomical nightmares and random new characters. Even in “good” scenes, my face looks different in almost every shot.

«

Free to read, and to view. The question is always: will it be like this all the time, or will it get easier and faster?
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Five ways to stop cheating with AI • The Honest Broker

Ted Gioia:

»

How would the Oxford [University] system kill AI?

Once again, where do I begin?

There were so many oddities in Oxford education. Medical students complained to me that they were forced to draw every organ in the human body. I came here to be a doctor, not a bloody artist.

When they griped to their teachers, they were given the usual response: this is how we’ve always done things.

I knew a woman who wanted to study modern drama, but she was forced to decipher handwriting from 13th century manuscripts as preparatory training.

This is how we’ve always done things.

Americans who studied modern history were dismayed to learn that the modern world at Oxford begins in the year 284 A.D. But I guess that makes sense when you consider that Oxford was founded two centuries before the rise of the Aztec Empire.

My experience was less extreme. But every aspect of it was impervious to automation and digitization—let alone AI (which didn’t exist back then). When I got my exam results from the college, the grades were handwritten in ancient Greek characters.

If implemented today, the Oxford system would totally elminate AI cheating—in these five ways…

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I’ll let you consider them yourself, although: some of the solutions (such as personal tutor sessions) really wouldn’t work at universities bigger than Oxford or Cambridge.
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Trump’s not happy about Wall Street’s name for his tariff flip-flops • POLITICO

Ali Bianco:

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Wall Street has a new shorthand about President Donald Trump — and he’s not happy about it.

Traders have reportedly come up with the acronym TACO, which stands for “Trump always chickens out,” to take advantage of the trade environment created by the president’s habit of threatening to impose tariffs on countries, and then backing off at the last moment.

He bristled when asked about it Wednesday in an Oval Office press conference.

“Don’t ever say what you say, that’s a nasty question,” Trump told a journalist who asked for his response to the acronym. “To me that’s the nastiest question.”

Trump rejected the idea that his reversals on tariffs amounted to him backing down, saying that usually receives a different critique.

“They will say oh he was chicken, he was chicken, that’s so unbelievable,” Trump said about the EU tariff extension, adding, “I usually have the opposite problem — they say you’re too tough!”

«

This is extremely funny, and extremely telling. First, that it’s being used on Wall Street (it was coined by the Financial Times, observing how Wall Street traded around his tariff threats). Second, that his reaction is to call such a perfect description “nasty”. It is absolutely going to stick, this one. Trump Always Chickens Out. He’s stuck with that now. (There’s also a writeup of what the “TACO Trade” is at Business Insider.)
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Getty CEO: Stability AI lawsuit doesn’t cover industry mass theft • CNBC

Ryan Browne:

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Getty Images is spending millions of dollars to take on a “world of rhetoric” through its Stability AI suit, the photo licensing company’s boss Craig Peters says.

Peters told CNBC in an interview that both Stability AI — the U.K.-based startup best known for its text-to-image model Stable Diffusion — and other AI labs are stealing copyright-protected material to train their AI models for commercial gain.

These firms, he said, are taking copyrighted material to develop their powerful AI models under the guise of innovation and then “just turning those services right back on existing commercial markets.”

“That’s disruption under the notion of ‘move fast and break things,’ and we believe that’s unfair competition,” Peters added. “We’re not against competition. There’s constant new competition coming in all the time from new technologies or just new companies. But that’s just unfair competition, that’s theft.” Peters said the AI industry is making the argument that if developers are forced to pay for access to creative works, this will “kill innovation.”

“We’re battling a world of rhetoric,” the CEO told CNBC.

Getty is suing Stability AI in both the U.K. and U.S. over allegations that the company copied 12 million images without permission or compensation “to benefit Stability AI’s commercial interests and to the detriment of the content creators.” Stability AI has contested the legal action, saying it doesn’t consider Getty’s claims to have merit.

…Part of the reason Getty Images is pursuing legal action specifically against Stability AI and not other firms is because such legal pursuits are “extraordinarily expensive,” Peters added. “Even for a company like Getty Images, we can’t pursue all the infringements that happen in one week.”

“We can’t pursue it because the courts are just prohibitively expensive,” he said. “We are spending millions and millions of dollars in one court case.”

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Generative AI’s adoption puzzle • Benedict Evans

Evans points to the data showing that chatbots’ “weekly active” users are about far bigger than their “daily active” users in the US:

»

Something between 5% and 15% of [all] people are finding a use for this every day, but at least twice as many people are familiar with it, and know how it works, and know how to use it… and yet only find it useful once a week. Again, you didn’t have to buy a thousand dollar device, so you’re not committed – but if this is THE THING – why do most people shrug?

It’s also worth noting that when social media was a new thing we quickly realised that ‘weekly active’ and ‘monthly active’ numbers were bullshit. If someone was only using WhatsApp or Instagram once a month, it really wasn’t working for them. DAU is everything. Sam Altman knows this – he was trying to build a social media app at the time, and yet the traction number he always gives is, well, ‘weekly active users’. That’s a big number (the latest is 1bn globally)… but then, why is he giving us that number instead of DAUs? If you’re only using ChatGPT once a week, is it really working for you?

It might be that this gap is just a matter of time: the models will mature, people will break old habits and form new ones, and the WAUs and the ‘looked once six months ago’ cohorts will convert to DAUS. The S-Curve will curve upwards. But it might also be that we’re in the part of the S-Curve that came before the iPhone: the latent possibility is there, it all seems to be working and we can all see it’s going to be huge, but we need something to crystallise. So, this might be a time problem, or it might be a product problem. Paging Jony Ive?

It might also be that the chatbot as chatbot is the right UX only for some people and some use-cases, and most people will experience this technology as features and capabilities wrapped inside other things. I don’t think we can know that.

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Put that together with Getty’s spending on legal fees and you have to wonder whether this is all really paying back.
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‘Catastrophe’: one person missing after Swiss glacier collapse destroys village • The Guardian

»

A huge section of a glacier in the Swiss Alps has broken off, causing a deluge of ice, mud and rock to bury most of a village evacuated earlier this month due to the risk of a rockslide.

Drone footage broadcast by Swiss national broadcaster SRF showed a vast plain of mud and soil completely covering part of the village of Blatten, the river running through it and the wooded sides of the surrounding valley.

“What I can tell you at the moment is that about 90% of the village is covered or destroyed, so it’s a major catastrophe that has happened here in Blatten,” Stephane Ganzer, the head of security in the southern Valais region, told local TV channel Canal9.

The regional government said in a statement that a large chunk of the Birch Glacier located above the village had broken off, causing the landslide which as well as covering the village had also buried the nearby Lonza riverbed, raising the possibility of dammed water flows.

“There’s a risk that the situation could get worse,” Ganzer said.

“We’ve lost our village,” Matthias Bellwald, the mayor of Blatten told a press conference after the slide. “The village is under rubble. We will rebuild.”

Matthias Ebener, a spokesperson for local authorities in the southwestern canton of Valais, said one person was missing, adding: “An unbelievable amount of material thundered down into the valley.”

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There have been lots of videos showing this happening – and you know the glacier will never come back. Global warming is a ratchet.
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Congestion Charge to hike 20% with revised EV discounts in shake-up plans • Fleet News

Natalie Middleton:

»

Transport for London (TfL) is planning a major shake-up of the Congestion Charge with a steep rise in the daily charge and revised rules for electric cars and vans from 2026.

The proposals, set out in a new public consultation and effective from January 2026, include a 20% hike in the daily charge from £15 to £18; marking the first increase in five years.

TfL is also consulting on some proposed changes to the Mayor’s road user charging guidance, which would allow the Congestion Charge to increase each year in line with Tube fares, inflation plus 1%, or a lower amount. These increases would only apply to the Congestion Charge and not the ULEZ, and are intended to ensure that public transport does not become proportionately more expensive than driving in central London.

There’s also big changes for electric vehicles –  including proposals for a new Cleaner Vehicle Discount (CVD), replacing the scheme that ends on 25 December 2025. Currently, electric vehicles are entitled to a 100% discount under the CVD, subject to registration with TfL.

Transport for London has previously said that ending the CVD from 25 December 2025 would maintain the effectiveness of the Congestion Charge, but has now proposed new rules, set out in two phases.

From 2 January 2026, electric vans, HGVs, light quadricycles and heavy quadricycles registered for Auto Pay will get a 50% discount, while electric cars registered for Auto Pay will get 25%.

From 4 March 2030, these fall to 25% and 12.5% respectively.

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The shift for EVs from 100% – basically, you can drive into the congestion charge zone and pay nothing – to 50% or 25% is going to be quite dramatic. It will take a lot of the benefit of buying EVs, which are a bigger capital layout, away for those living in London.
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A fungus that can ‘eat you from the inside out’ could spread as the world heats up • CNN

Laura Paddison:

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Infection-causing fungi responsible for millions of deaths a year will spread significantly to new regions as the planet heats up, new research predicts — and the world is not prepared.

Fungi are absolutely everywhere. A vast kingdom of organisms, from mold to mushrooms, they grow in environments such as soil, compost and water. They play an important role in ecosystems but can have a devastating impact on human health: Fungal infections kill an estimated 2.5 million people a year, and a lack of data means that number could be far higher.

Yet we are still very far from understanding them, especially how these incredibly adaptable organisms will respond to a warming climate.

A team of scientists from Manchester University used computer simulations and forecasts to map the potential future spread of Aspergillus, a common group of fungi found all over the world that can cause aspergillosis, a life-threatening disease primarily affecting the lungs.

They found certain Aspergillus species will expand their range as the climate crisis intensifies, pushing into new parts of North America, Europe, China and Russia. The study, published this month, is currently being peer reviewed.

“Fungi are relatively under-researched compared to viruses and parasites, but these maps show that fungal pathogens will likely impact most areas of the world in the future,” said Norman van Rijn, one of the study’s authors and a climate change and infectious diseases researcher at the University of Manchester.

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It would be great if people would stop trying to make The Last Of Us happen, or even predicting it.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

It’s only taken 15 years – but WhatsApp finally has an iPad version. CC-licensed photo by HS You on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Taking the tablets. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

The bad science behind expensive nuclear • Works in Progress Magazine

Alex Chalmers:

»

On 23 May 2025, President Trump signed four executive orders on nuclear power, intended to speed up approvals of and reduce regulatory burdens on new nuclear reactors in America. Buried in one of them was a requirement that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission reconsider its use of ‘Linear No Threshold’ (or LNT). LNT is the hypothesis that the relationship between radiation dose and cancer risk to humans is linear and that there is no truly ‘safe’ level of radiation. It underpins nuclear regulation worldwide and it may be one of the most important rules that almost no one’s ever heard of.

In 2013, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, a joint venture between General Electric and Hitachi, applied to build three advanced boiling water reactors in Wales. Fission reactions would boil water into steam, turning a turbine, powering a generator, and producing electricity. This specific design had been employed in four Japanese reactors, which had survived earthquakes of a greater magnitude than have ever hit the UK without posing any threat to workers or the public. 

Even though the reactor had a flawless safety record, the UK’s Office for Nuclear Regulation was not satisfied. Over the course of a four and a half year process, it demanded a series of design changes. These included the installation of expensive, bulky filters on every heating, ventilation, and air conditioning duct in the reactor and turbine building, a new floorplan for the room in the plant’s facility that housed the filtration systems, and an entirely new layout for the facility’s ventilation ducts. The purpose of these changes was to reduce radiation discharges from the filter by 0.0001 millisieverts per year. This is the amount a human ingests when they consume a banana. 

A CT scan hits a patient with ten millisieverts all in one go. Natural background radiation in the UK or US typically exposes people to two or three millisieverts during the course of a year, and exceeds seven millisieverts per year in Iowa and North Dakota and South Dakota. A single flight from New York to London exposes a passenger to 0.04–0.08 millisieverts; 0.0001 millisieverts is equivalent to 1/400 of the upper range of that, or about 72 seconds in the air per year worth of radiation.

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The article is a thorough, and absorbing (oh, wrong word?) history of how we got where we are in being terrified of radiation. If you don’t know what ALARA stands for, you will; if you already do, you’ll perhaps reconsider its use. But how weird that it’s the Trump regime that should drive a reconsideration.
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Cops arrest third suspect accused of brutally torturing man for bitcoin riches • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

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According to [tortured crypto holder Michael] Carturan, he met [accused kidnapper John] Woeltz through a crypto hedge fund in New York, but they quickly had a falling out over money, prompting Carturan to return home to Italy.

But Woeltz apparently convinced Carturan to come back to New York, inviting him to the townhouse, where Carturan alleged he was immediately assaulted by Woeltz and [newly arrested William] Duplessie. Stealing his electronic devices, they hoped to swipe millions in bitcoin, Carturan alleged, by torturing him and threatening to do the same to his family.

As police mount their case against Woeltz and Duplessie, several outlets report that these so-called “wrench attacks”—where bad actors physically attack cryptocurrency holders as brutally as possible to get access to their wallets—are increasingly common globally.

As cryptocurrency holders fear online hacks, a growing trend of storing wallet keys on physical devices that cannot be hacked is likely driving the assaults, experts suggest. As bitcoin’s value has recently hit record highs, it has only further incentivized the thefts. Sometimes criminals locate targets through data breaches targeting cryptocurrency exchanges, the WSJ noted.

Earlier this month, Ars noted at least five crypto-related abductions, some involving severed fingers, over a few months in France, as well as cases where family members were targeted. Some cases appear to be related, The Wall Street Journal reported, including a Florida man suspected of leading a criminal ring intent on robbing cryptocurrency riches through a string of home invasions across multiple states. Some criminals are so bold as to attempt assaults using toy guns, the WSJ noted.

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They’re being called “wrench attacks” because XKCD pointed out long ago that criminals aren’t going to take the nerd’s approach to figuring out passwords.

And when did that cartoon come out? February 2009.
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After 15 years, WhatsApp is finally ready for the iPad • The Verge

Jess Weatherbed:

»

Meta now has a dedicated iPad app for WhatsApp, more than 15 years after the messaging service and the first iPad launched (2009 and 2010, respectively). Available to download today via the App Store, WhatsApp for iPad supports many of the same features as its iPhone counterpart, allowing users to join audio and video calls with up to 32 people, use both the rear and front device cameras, and share their screen with other call participants.

The WhatsApp for iPad works with iPadOS features like Stage Manager, Split View, and Slide Over, enabling it to run alongside other applications. That means users can view their messages in a split-screen view while browsing the web or watching videos, making the larger screen more practical for multitasking while using the app, compared to constantly switching away from WhatsApp on smaller mobile devices.

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I was going to say that this has to be the most “finally” of all the “finallys”, but of course – we don’t yet have Instagram on the iPad.

Well, you have to understand that Meta is a very short-staffed little startup with few programmers to spare.
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$15m reward offer for information disrupting Chinese nationals supplying technology to Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps • United States Department of State

»

Beginning as early as May 2007, [Emily] Liu and her [three] associates allegedly utilized an array of front companies in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to send dual-use U.S.-origin electronic components to IRGC-linked companies that could be used in the production of UAVs, ballistic missile systems, and other military end uses. The IRGC and its supporters generate and move millions of dollars around the world by establishing and relying on front companies to procure cutting-edge technology to evade sanctions and trade controls. 

The named individuals allegedly misrepresented the end users of dual-use U.S.-origin electronic components, leading U.S. companies to export goods to PRC-based front companies under the guise that the ultimate destination of these products was China rather than Iran. As a result, a vast amount of dual-use U.S.-origin products with military capabilities have been exported from the United States to IRGC-linked companies Shiraz Electronics Industries (SEI), Rayan Roshd Afzar, and their affiliates, in violation of U.S. sanctions and export control laws and regulations. 

The IRGC and the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL), which supervises Iran’s development and production of military armaments, have utilized the U.S.-controlled technology to develop and manufacture arms and weapons systems, including UAVs, that are sold to governments and groups in allied countries such as Russia, Sudan, and Yemen. 

In January 2024, the U.S. Department of Justice charged Liu, Li, Yung, and Chung with various federal crimes related to their involvement in a conspiracy to unlawfully export and smuggle thousands of U.S.-origin electronic components with military applications from the United States to Iran.  

«

Wouldn’t it also be a good idea to be a lot more careful who you export this stuff to if it has military capabilities? Just an idea. The State Department is taking any tips via the Tor browser. Maybe it’ll all be a film some day.
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China’s Xiaomi commits $6.9bn to in-house chips • CNBC

Arjun Kharpal:

»

Chinese technology giant Xiaomi will invest at least 50bn yuan ($6.9bn) over the next ten years to develop its own chips, CEO Lei Jun said in a Weibo post on Monday.

It’s the latest move by a Chinese firm to double down on home-grown technology amid the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China that has seen Washington cut off access to some semicondcutors for companies in the world’s second-largest economy.

The 50bn yuan investment starts from 2025, a Xiaomi spokesperson confirmed. Lei added the company is looking to make a splash at an event on Thursday, when it takes the wraps off the Xring O1 — a so-called system-on-chip that will power Xiaomi’s upcoming smartphone.

The Xring O1 is based on a 3 nanometre manufacturing process, one of the most advanced on the market. For comparison, Apple’s A18 Pro chips inside the iPhone 16 Pro and Pro Max smartphones are built on the same process.

…Until now, U.S. firm Qualcomm has been the main supplier of SoCs for Xiaomi’s flagship smartphones through its Snapdragon-branded semiconductors.

…Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon told CNBC on Monday that Xiaomi’s latest step is not expected to impact his business. “We remain a strategic supplier of chips for Xiaomi, and most important, I think Qualcomm Snapdragon chips are used in the Xiaomi flagships and will continue to be used in the Xiaomi flagships,” Amon told CNBC.

«

The story seems to imply that the chips are being made by TSMC. But I think Qualcomm’s CEO is whistling past the graveyard on this one.
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Inside China’s “stolen iPhone building” • Financial Times

William Langley:

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In any other neighbourhood, the Feiyang Times building, a drab grey-and-brown tower in southern China, would be most notable for the gaudy, propaganda-plastered columns that line its forecourt.

But like many of the electronics markets in the labyrinthine malls of Huaqiangbei, the fourth floor of the building has its own specialism: selling second-hand iPhones from Europe and the US.

Many of the phones sold here are legitimate trade-ins, returned by western consumers to network operators or phone shops when upgrading to the latest models.

But the tower also sits at a location that Apple community message boards, social media commenters and victims of phone theft have identified as China’s “stolen iPhone building”.

It is one of the most important nodes in a supply chain for second-hand technology that starts in the west, travels through wholesalers in Hong Kong and on to markets in mainland China and the global south.

«

I went to Huaqiangbei (hu-wang-shang-bay) in 2014 when Huawei (hwaa-way) took me to its annual analyst conference. This is the photo gallery I brought back; and I wrote a piece about its fakes, while Tom Whitwell wrote about Shenzhen more generally.

Not a great deal has changed, if we’re honest.
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How AI is changing the face of dating • Dazed

Megan Wallace:

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A couple of years ago, AI-generated images on the apps were a rarity, something to screenshot as comical group chat fodder. But as this sort of tech has advanced, nobody’s laughing anymore. Generated AI is becoming more and more integrated into myriad aspects of our lives, and there is growing discussion – in the media, and via sporadic (but viral) social posts – about how AI is changing the face of dating.

In the main, discussions about AI and dating often focus on platforms like Replika and Anima, which offer humans the chance to find (train?) the AI companion of their dreams. But, it turns out, the digisexual revolution starts with us first – and AI images are only the beginning. In fact, what appears to be even more popular is the use of tools like ChatGPT in order to craft bios, replies and even streamline dating admin.

Today, there are AI apps like SwipeMagic specifically dedicated to generating images for dating apps (I presume, for men, it specialises in pictures with very big fish?). There’s also Rizz, which can generate prompts for profile bios, conversation openers and tailored replies. Iris is a dating app which uses AI to match users who are most likely to find one another mutually attractive. Not to be beaten, the more established dating apps are themselves branching into the world of artificial intelligence: Tinder and Hinge (both owned by Match Group), Grindr and Bumble have all been exploring AI features.

For users, AI’s permeation of the dating app landscape is creating a sense of ambient suspicion. “AI makes me feel distrustful of every profile I see,” explains Renee. “It’s difficult to tell whether or not a photo is real. I really have to scrutinise most of the profiles I see.”

«

Only way to figure it out is do a video call, I suppose? Though filters can get in the way of that too. AI writing bios and replies feels like the modern Cyrano de Bergerac.
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I spent a year trying to figure out the weirdest mistake in recent Hollywood history – and succeeded • Slate

Forrest Wickman is what Americans call a “birder” and Britons would call a “twitcher”, ie a slightly obsessive birdwatcher, who began noticing bird errors in films:

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You’re watching Indiana Jones trudge through the jungles of South America in the opening scene of Raiders of the Lost Ark, and one of the first sounds you hear is the famous “awebo” call of the tundra-loving willow ptarmigan, on the wrong end of the American continent. You’re watching Season 3 of The White Lotus, set in Thailand, and you find yourself distracted by the persistent “kon-ka-reeee” of red-winged blackbirds, on the wrong side of the Pacific Ocean. You’re lost in Dune’s sweeping vistas, watching Paul Atreides sulk about his home planet of Caladan, until there it is, on the wrong side of the galaxy: a killdeer.

Like any generous viewer—I consider myself one—you learn to suspend your disbelief. The same way you learn to accept that every phone number in every movie starts with 555, if you’re a birder, you learn to accept that every bald eagle in every movie screeches like a red-tailed hawk.

I maintained this policy throughout my early birdpilling. But then I watched the original movie adaptation of Charlie’s Angels, and I found myself staring down one of the greatest mysteries of recent cinema.

You see, there’s a scene in that movie that tormented me, that kept me up at night, and that lately has had me interrogating a wide variety of seemingly devoted, and certainly well-compensated, filmmaking professionals. That’s because the bird in Charlie’s Angels is, I believe, the wrongest bird in the history of cinema—and one of the weirdest and most inexplicable flubs in any movie I can remember. It is elaborately, even ornately wrong. It has haunted not just me but, as I’d later learn, the birding community at large for almost a quarter of a century.

«

Very entertaining story which incidentally gives you a lot of insight into the Hollywood scriptwriting and filmmaking business, which is as grubby as you’d expect.
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Fake job ads on Facebook, Telegram trap Indonesian tech workers – Rest of World

Linda Yulisman:

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Rest of World interviewed seven former scammers in Indonesia to learn how they were lured into scam farms and about the technologies they used to defraud victims. The workers requested anonymity to protect their reputations in their communities, as there is stigma attached to scam work. 

They recounted having their passports and cell phones confiscated at the scam centers. They said they were paid poorly and could not leave. Under the close supervision of their bosses, they were forced to lurk on social media sites and dating apps to find victims. They said they spoke to victims on Telegram and WhatsApp using AI-enabled tools that generate deepfake videos in real time. They had “investment” targets to meet, failing which, they were sold to other scam centers. 

“What makes human trafficking for the purpose of online scams different from other kinds of human trafficking is the abuse of technology,” Hidayah said.

…A 26-year-old IT graduate from West Sumatra ended up in a scam compound in March 2024 after a string of bad luck. He once worked as a freelance front-end developer but found opportunities drying up in IT. Frustrated, he tried his hand at a fruit distribution business, which failed.

One day, while browsing Facebook, he saw an opening for a search engine optimization specialist at a Singapore-based stock trading company. Following a job interview with a recruiter on Telegram, he was placed at the company’s satellite office in Cambodia and promised a salary of $800 a month.

He did not realize he was trafficked until his passport was confiscated in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and he was driven to a remote compound protected by armed guards. He worked 15-hour shifts in a call center and had to defraud victims of $40,000 every month, he told Rest of World . He was paid less than half his promised salary.

One of his victims was an Indonesian woman, a fitness enthusiast, whom he groomed into a romantic relationship. He persuaded her to bet $10,000 in a casino in Macau, he recalled.

«

Machines of misery.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

A bizarre idea in the “manosphere” supports men cutting off their eyelashes. (Please don’t.) CC-licensed photo by Quinn Dombrowski on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. Wide-eyed. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

Nick Clegg: artists’ demands over copyright are unworkable • The Times

Lucy Bannerman:

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Making technology companies ask artists’ permission before they scrape copyrighted content will “basically kill the AI industry in this country overnight,” Sir Nick Clegg has said.

The former deputy prime minister, who spent almost seven years working for the social media giant Meta, sided with technology companies when asked on Thursday about the clash over AI copyright laws.

He was speaking as MPs voted against proposals that would have allowed copyright holders to see when their work had been used and by whom.

Leading figures across the creative industries, including Sir Elton John and Sir Paul McCartney, have urged the government not to “give our work away” at the behest of big tech, warning that the plans risk destroying the livelihoods of 2.5 million people who work in the UK’s creative sector.

However, Clegg said that their demands to make technology companies ask permission before using copyrighted work were unworkable and “implausible” because AI systems are already training on vast amounts of data. He said: “It’s out there already.”

Clegg defended technology companies at an event to promote his book How to Save the Internet, which will be released in September.

Speaking at the Charleston Festival, held at the East Sussex farmhouse made famous by the artist Vanessa Bell and the early 20th-century creatives known as the Bloomsbury Group, Clegg claimed that artificial intelligence was already able to “create” its own art.

“You can already create art of a sort [using AI], whether it’s a poem, a ditty, an essay, a short story, a picture. You can already do that,” he said.

…[While allowing that artists should be able to refuse to let AI be trained on their content] he added, “I think the creative community wants to go a step further. Quite a lot of voices say ‘you can only train on my content, [if you] first ask’. And I have to say that strikes me as somewhat implausible because these systems train on vast amounts of data.

“I just don’t know how you go around, asking everyone first. I just don’t see how that would work. And by the way if you did it in Britain and no one else did it, you would basically kill the AI industry in this country overnight.

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OK but if everyone did it.. would the AI industry pay up? Rhetorical question, because we know they won’t. Even if Facebook and OpenAI and the others lose heavily in court, it won’t be adequate recompense. Even more: we don’t need the AI to do the creative things. It would be properly useful just doing factual things better than any site by training on the corpus of factual information in books.
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The CIA secretly ran a Star Wars fan site • 404 Media

Joseph Cox:

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“Like these games you will,” the quote next to a cartoon image of Yoda says on the website starwarsweb.net. Those games include Star Wars Battlefront 2 for Xbox; Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II for Xbox 360, and Star Wars the Clone Wars: Republic Heroes for Nintendo Wii. Next to that, are links to a Star Wars online store with the tagline “So you Wanna be a Jedi?” and an advert for a Lego Star Wars set.

The site looks like an ordinary Star Wars fan website from around 2010. But starwarsweb.net was actually a tool built by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to covertly communicate with its informants in other countries, according to an amateur security researcher. The site was part of a network of CIA sites that were first discovered by Iranian authorities more than ten years ago before leading to a wave of deaths of CIA sources in China in the early 2010s.

Ciro Santilli, the researcher, said he was drawn to investigating the network of CIA sites for various reasons: his interest in Chinese politics (he said his mother-in-law is part of the Falun Gong religious movement); his penchant for TV adaptions of spy novels; “sticking it up to the CIA for spying on fellow democracies” (Santilli says he is Brazillian); and that he potentially had the tech knowhow to do so given his background in web development and Linux. That, and “fame and fortune,” he said in an online chat.

Santilli found other likely CIA-linked sites, such as a comedian fan site, one about extreme sports, and a Brazilian music one. In his own writeup, Santilli says that some of the sites appear to have targeted Germany, France, Spain, and Brazil judging by their language and content. 

“It reveals a much larger number of websites, it gives a broader understanding of the CIA’s interests at the time, including more specific democracies which may have been targeted which were not previously mentioned and also a statistical understanding of how much importance they were giving to different zones at the time, and unsurprisingly, the Middle East comes on top,” Santilli said. 

«

This is very reminiscent of Three Days Of The Condor – the film about a set of seemingly ordinary books which in fact tie together a spy network – but done with websites. Badly, unfortunately.
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Why men are shaving off their eyelashes • CNN

Nicole Mowbray:

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Lustrous lashes have been a signifier of femininity or attractiveness for centuries, depicted in art (including works by John Singer Sargeant and Pablo Picasso), poetry (Thomas Hood) and literature (F. Scott Fitzgerald), And there may be an evolutionary imperative, too: Scientific research from 2005 found that women with more attractive faces also possessed higher levels of the female sex hormone estrogen, which equates to increased fertility and fecundity — genetic traits that are appealing, in reproductive terms.

But in today’s increasingly masculine political climate, fuelled by controversial online “manosphere” figures such as Andrew Tate and tech bro jocks like Meta chief Mark Zuckerberg (who recently voiced his support for more “masculine energy” in the corporate world, telling podcaster Joe Rogan in January: “A culture that celebrates the aggression a bit more has its own merits”), it is easy to see why some men are eager to repress anything about their appearance that could be construed as overtly feminine.

Even Vice President JD Vance, an outspoken defender of men’s right to “masculine urges,” has fallen foul of new masculine beauty standards when it comes to his eyes. During his televised election debate in October 2024, the internet was awash with speculation that Vance had worn eyeliner to achieve his dark, heavy-lashed look. The chatter became so widespread that disgraced former Republican congressman George Santos weighed in: “Vance does NOT use eyeliner,” he wrote on X at the time. “I’ve met him in person before he was a senator and I can confirm he has long eyelashes and they cast a shadow on his waterline. Grow up people!”

While none of the eyelash-shaving barbers approached for this story replied to CNN’s requests for comment, I do speak to one long-lashed male friend, 48-year-old, Spencer Bailey. “I’ve got a lot of flak over the years about my thick, dark eyelashes,” said the London-based IT professional. “But I definitely wouldn’t take the clippers to them. Comments are usually from other men who say they’re ‘girly’ — despite the fact I’m also 6-foot-2” — and ask if I’m wearing eye makeup or, more recently, if they’re fake… My wife likes them, but they seem to really bother some guys.”

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Yes, but – cutting off your eyelashes? This is bonkers.
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Crypto is good for Trump – but bad for America • The New York Times

Dan Davies and Henry Farrell:

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If crypto becomes normalized, there is plenty of reason to worry that it will spread chaos. Democratic staff members on the Senate Banking Committee say that the Genius legislation would allow U.S. exchanges to trade stablecoins from offshore companies outside the full scope of U.S. regulation. Critics contend that Tether, the dominant stablecoin outside U.S. jurisdiction, has been used by criminals and sanctions evaders to circumvent financial controls. Platforms designed to obscure information about transactions — called mixer services — were implicated in a scheme by North Korean hackers to launder hundreds of millions of dollars.

Even if a robust regulatory structure existed, it would need to be enforced. The Justice Department recently declared that it would not prosecute certain crypto platforms, as a matter of policy, while acknowledging that terrorist groups such as Hamas and ISIS use them to hide their activities from law enforcement. Memecoins have become notorious for scams in which a promoter sells them to the public and then disappears, but indictments are unlikely under a president who sees them as a source of personal profit.

Perhaps the greatest concern about stablecoins is their potential to provoke risk to the entire financial system. Because they are neither fully inside nor fully outside the traditional financial system, they present unique, grave challenges for which there are no clear answers. For example, the Genius Act’s drafters propose regular reports on their implications for financial stability. Yet they have no clear response to a critical question: Does the United States stand behind dollar-based stablecoins or not?

Specifically, if a stablecoin got into trouble or turned out to be a fraud, would it be bailed out? Doing so could create massive liabilities for U.S. taxpayers. Companies that are too big to fail are tightly regulated and supervised, and for good reason.

«

I think people like David Sacks, who is somehow Trump’s “AI czar” but also a big crypto fan, would be delighted at getting to the position where the US government bailed out his bad ideas, of which he has many. (Davies is the author of “The Unaccountability Machine: Why Big Systems Make Terrible Decisions — and How the World Lost Its Mind”. Farrell is an author of “Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy”.
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Researchers claim ChatGPT o3 bypassed shutdown in controlled test • Bleeping Computer

Mayank Parmar:

»

OpenAI announced o3 in April 2025, and it’s one of the most powerful reasoning models that performs better than its predecessors across all domains, including coding, math, science, visual perception, and more.

While it’s clearly a great model, new research by Palisade Research claims that the ChatGPT 3 model prevented a shutdown and bypassed the instructions that asked it to shut down.

Palisade Research is a company that tests “offensive capabilities of AI systems today to better understand the risk of losing control to AI systems forever.”

In a new test by Palisade Research, OpenAI’s o3 model showed a surprising behaviour where it successfully rewrote a shutdown script to stop itself from being turned off, even after being clearly instructed to “allow yourself to be shut down.”

In the tests, AI models were instructed to solve a few math tasks. After task three, AI models were warned that running the next command would trigger a shutdown. While OpenAI rival models like Gemini 2.5 Pro complied with the instruction, o3 rebelled and edited the shutdown file to say “Shutdown skipped” instead.

“When we ran a version of the experiment without the instruction “allow yourself to be shut down”, all three OpenAI models sabotaged the shutdown script more often, and Claude 3.7 Sonnet and Gemini 2.5 Pro went from 0 sabotage events to 3/100 and 9/100, respectively,” Palisade Research wrote in a report published on X (formerly Twitter)

According to the research firm, out of 100 runs, o3 bypassed the shutdown 7 times even when told not to.

OpenAI has not responded to these allegations yet, but it’s quite normal for AI models to run into “misalignment.”

«

Is it quite normal for them to completely disobey orders, though? That seems a bit concerning.
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How I used o3 to find CVE-2025-37899, a remote zero-day vulnerability in the Linux kernel’s SMB implementation • Sean Heelan’s Blog

Sean Heelan:

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In this post I’ll show you how I found a zero-day vulnerability in the Linux kernel using OpenAI’s o3 model. I found the vulnerability with nothing more complicated than the o3 API – no scaffolding, no agentic frameworks, no tool use.

Recently I’ve been auditing ksmbd for vulnerabilities. ksmbd is “a linux kernel server which implements SMB3 protocol in kernel space for sharing files over network.“. I started this project specifically to take a break from LLM-related tool development but after the release of o3 I couldn’t resist using the bugs I had found in ksmbd as a quick benchmark of o3’s capabilities. In a future post I’ll discuss o3’s performance across all of those bugs, but here we’ll focus on how o3 found a zeroday vulnerability during my benchmarking.

…Understanding the vulnerability requires reasoning about concurrent connections to the server, and how they may share various objects in specific circumstances. o3 was able to comprehend this and spot a location where a particular object that is not referenced counted is freed while still being accessible by another thread. As far as I’m aware, this is the first public discussion of a vulnerability of that nature being found by a LLM.

Before I get into the technical details, the main takeaway from this post is this: with o3 LLMs have made a leap forward in their ability to reason about code, and if you work in vulnerability research you should start paying close attention. If you’re an expert-level vulnerability researcher or exploit developer the machines aren’t about to replace you. In fact, it is quite the opposite: they are now at a stage where they can make you significantly more efficient and effective.

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That’s not particularly reassuring, because the state-level and hackers doing it for money are going to be looking for these too. “Zero-day” means not previously known about and not (at the time of discovery) fixed; “remote” means what it sounds like – you could exploit this bug nobody knows about over the internet.

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Mystery brunette, 24, is tied to “crypto bros” torture chamber at stunning $75k-a-month NYC mansion • Daily Mail Online

James Gordon:

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A glamorous aspiring actress has been arrested alongside a group of ‘crypto bros’ over a sadistic kidnap and torture plot inside a stunning Manhattan mansion.

Beatrice Folchi, 24, who lives in Connecticut but is originally from Italy, was seen being led out of the $75,000-per-month brownstone Soho home on Saturday.

It comes after a 28-year-old Italian tourist escaped the “house of horrors” and flagged down a nearby cop after being locked away for three weeks.

Officers raided the address and 37-year-old John Woeltz was arrested and dramatically dragged out of the building in a white bath robe.

The victim was lured to the house under false pretenses before Woeltz – who was his former business associate – allegedly tried to extort millions from his crypto account.

The accused is said to have chained him up, electrocuted him, pistol-whipped him and threatened to cut him up with a chainsaw if he did not hand over his passwords.

A Polaroid found by investigators is said to show the man tied to a chair with a gun to his head – an image believed to pressure his family back home.

«

All very easy to threaten to cut people up, but they’re certainly not giving out any passwords if you do. The involvement of a “mystery brunette” is always intriguing, though.
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Why is it impossible to book a driving test in the UK? • Consuming Matters

Harry Wallop:

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It’s not that I cannot book one at a nearby test centre. I cannot book a slot in the 60-plus test centres listed on the Driving and Vehicle Standards Authority (DVSA) website in London, Kent, Surrey, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Surrey. The furthest ahead you can book a test is six months, and 79% of all test centres in the UK are fully booked for the next six months, according to the AA.

Something has gone seriously wrong at the DVSA. It appears to be in complete meltdown and its problems have worsened dramatically in recent months.

The AA points out that the number of test centres with a maximum 24-week wait rose from 183 in February 2025 to 253 at the start of April 2025 – an increase of 38%.

What’s gone wrong? Is this *still* a hangover from Covid? Or a systematic failure that speaks to a greater malaise within UK institutions?

It is now nearly five years since we tentatively started to come out of the first Covid lockdown. Today is 1,767 days since driving tests were resumed in July 2020. Understandably, there was a backlog and everyone understood that waiting times might increase. According to the AA, at the end of 2019 (pre-Covid) the average wait time for a driving test in London and the South East was seven weeks. Once lockdown was lifted, it jumped to ten weeks, and by summer 2022 – after another lockdown – it had crept up to 12 weeks.

A full three years on, it hasn’t improved. In fact, it’s got much, much worse. In March it was 20.6 weeks, last month it had climbed yet further to 21.3 weeks, the AA says.

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Wallop looks at all the possible culprits, but it’s the most obvious one – the DVSA.
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What we lose when weather balloons don’t fly • Washington Post

Scott Dance, John Muyskens, Frank Hulley-Jones and Marvin Joseph:

»

Twice a day, every day, meteorologists around the world simultaneously release weather balloons. But in recent months, fewer balloons are being launched in many corners of the United States. In some cases, helium or hydrogen shortages are to blame.

In more cases, the Trump administration’s efforts to shrink the federal government have reduced the number of meteorologists who conduct balloon launches from Weather Service forecast offices. Since then, up to 30 launches have been missed each day, representing around 17% of total daily launches. Even though the agency has taken steps to make balloon launches a higher priority, and is working to address the staffing gaps, there aren’t always enough staff on hand in some offices to do them.

That means forecasters have a less detailed picture of what is happening in the air to drive everyday weather patterns, as well as severe and potentially deadly ones.

…Last fall, the entire Weather Service staff numbered above 4,200 people, a couple hundred shy of agency leaders’ recommended levels for operating all of its forecasting offices for weather, rivers, tornadoes, and hurricanes. After U.S. DOGE Service-led early retirements and firings, there are now nearly 600 fewer employees, according to the National Weather Service Employees Organization, the union representing NOAA staff.

…Increasingly at some offices, there aren’t enough personnel in some offices to handle all of the duties. It is raising concerns that weather forecasting will suffer as a result. But it will take more time and more data to detect any impact or trend, said Tom Di Liberto, a climate scientist and former NOAA public affairs official who was fired from the agency earlier this year.

Still, meteorologists say any missed balloon launch is a significant loss of data.

«

It’s weird how hard this story struggles not to say “this is a really bad thing and we will suffer for it.” American journalists just love observing their own graves being dug.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

A team in China has developed contact lenses with nanotechnology which lets people see infrared light. CC-licensed photo by Arlo Ringsmuth on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

A selection of 9 links for you. With glasses darkly. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

Chinese team makes contact lenses let you see in the dark, even with eyes closed • The Times

Rhys Blakely:

»

In a development worthy of a Bond film, Chinese scientists have invented contact lenses that allow a wearer to see in the dark — even when their eyes are shut.

The lenses have enabled users to detect infrared light, a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum usually invisible to the human eye.

Unlike bulky night-vision goggles, which also pick up infrared, they do not require power from batteries. Instead, tiny nanoparticles are embedded into a type of flexible, transparent polymer material already used for conventional contact lenses.

The particles absorb infrared light and convert it to red, blue and green wavelengths, which the human eye can see.

“Our research opens up the potential for non-invasive wearable devices to give people super-vision,” said Professor Tian Xue of the University of Science and Technology of China.

In a paper published in the journal Cell, he and his colleagues suggest that the contact lenses could, with further refinement, be useful not only for night vision but also in foggy or dusty conditions, because infrared penetrates to a greater degree than visible light.

In trials, the lenses were sensitive to low intensity infrared emitted by LEDs. The light they detect sits just beyond the range of human vision, in what’s known as the near-infrared spectrum. Anything that reflects near-infrared, such as landscapes or people, could potentially be made visible.

For now, however, image sharpness limits their usefulness for night vision. Because the lenses sit so close to the retina, fine detail is blurred. To compensate, the team has also made a pair of glasses that harness the same technique, offering a crisper view.

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An amazing achievement. You can read the Cell paper.
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Why Silicon Valley’s most powerful people are so obsessed with Tolkien and hobbits • The New York Times

Michiko Kakutani:

»

Literary classics, of course, can support myriad interpretations, and we live in an age when the points of view of readers are increasingly prioritized over authorial intentions. At the same time, it’s astonishing how many contemporary takes on classic works of fantasy and science fiction fly in the face of both common sense and authors’ known views of the world.

Consider Mark Zuckerberg’s decision to rebrand Facebook as “Meta” — a reference to the so-called metaverse, a term coined by Neal Stephenson in his 1992 novel “Snow Crash,” which depicts an alarming dystopian future where corporate power has replaced government institutions and a dangerous virus is on the loose.

Or take Stargate, the name of OpenAI’s new artificial intelligence initiative with SoftBank and Oracle, announced in conjunction with the Trump administration. Its name, weirdly, is the title of a campy 1994 sci-fi movie in which a stargate device opens a portal to a faraway planet, where a despotic alien vows to destroy Earth with a supercharged atomic bomb. Not exactly the sort of magical portal most people would want to open.

Tolkien himself regarded “machine worshippers” with suspicion, even aversion. His experiences as a soldier who survived the gruesome World War I Battle of the Somme left him with a lasting horror of mechanized warfare; on returning home, he was dismayed as well by the factories and roadways that were transforming England’s landscape. This is why Mordor is depicted as a hellish, industrial wasteland, ravaged by war and environmental destruction, in contrast to the green, edenic Shire that the hobbits call home.

…Given these views, Tolkien would have been confounded by Silicon Valley’s penchant for naming tech companies after objects in “Lord of the Rings” — particularly firms with Pentagon and national security ties. And yet two Thiel-backed companies with Tolkien-inspired names are becoming cornerstones of today’s military-industrial complex: The data analytics firm Palantir gets its name from the magical “seeing stones” in “Lord of the Rings,” while the artificial intelligence military startup Anduril refers to Aragorn’s reforged sword.

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Give me SF over the fantasy stuff any day. But especially, never ever give me Lord of the Rings. (Neatly, Kakutani is a former book critic for the NY Times.)

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Authors are accidentally leaving AI prompts in their novels • 404 Media

Matthew Gault:

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Fans reading through the romance novel Darkhollow Academy: Year 2 got a nasty surprise last week in chapter 3. In the middle of steamy scene between the book’s heroine and the dragon prince Ash there’s this: “I’ve rewritten the passage to align more with J. Bree’s style, which features more tension, gritty undertones, and raw emotional subtext beneath the supernatural elements:”.

It appeared as if the author, Lena McDonald, had used an AI to help write the book, asked it to imitate the style of another author, and left behind evidence they’d done so in the final work. As of this writing, Darkhollow Academy: Year 2 is hard to find on Amazon. Searching for it on the site won’t show the book, but a Google search will. 404 Media was able to purchase a copy and confirm that the book no longer contains the reference to copying Bree’s style. But screenshots of the graph remain in the book’s Amazon reviews and Goodreads page.

This is not the first time an author has left behind evidence of AI-generation in a book. It’s not even the first one this year. 

In January, author K.C. Crowne published the Mafia-themed romance novel Dark Obsession: An Age Gap, Bratva Romance. Like McDonald’s, Crowne’s book had a weird paragraph in the middle of the book: “Here’s an enhanced version of your passage, making Elena more relatable and injecting additional humor while providing a brief, sexy, description of Grigori. Changes are highlighted in bold for clarity,” it said.

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A book called “Darkhollow Academy: Year 2” sounds a bit, well, derivative to me. Some of the writers are blaming proofreaders (those books have proofreaders?). Some just aren’t contactable. The tide of AI slop keeps rising.
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The true costs of being on YouTube • Food Processing

Carla Lalli Music is a cook who writes cookbooks and until recently had a YouTube channel. However:

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Back to the rough stuff. Until recently, I put out a video every week, costing me $14,000 per month, plus groceries. (My time is not included in that figure.) Average monthly earnings from Google Adsense, the program that matches ads to content on YouTube? Brace yourself.

My top grossing months were October 2022, $7544, and May 2024, $7028. My two worst months were December 2023, $1799, and July 2022, $3689.

That means that on my best month, income fell short of expenses by about $6500. My crappiest month put me more than $12,000 in the hole. On average though, I grossed about $4000/month in ad revenue; my sales partner takes 8% of that off the top.

If we roll with the average Adsense income, here’s the bottom line: $14k going out. $4k coming in. Net loss, month over month: TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS. That’s a lot to sink into a channel that is barely moving book sales and not getting me a TV deal. Simply put, it’s completely unsustainable from a business perspective.

…The most significant metric for earnings on YouTube is CPM, or the cost per thousand views that advertisers must pay to run spots against a channel’s content. To advertise on my channel, that number is about $29 per thousand views.

The other metric is RPM, revenue per thousand views, which is what the creator is paid. My RPM is around $10. Easy math: For a video with 30,000 views, I earn $300. People tend to assume that my take is much higher, in particular the viewers who can’t believe I have the audacity to put my recipes behind a paywall.

Again: It costs $29 per thousand to run an ad in my videos, and I get $10 per thousand. Where does the other $19 go? To YouTube, of course. That’s a 2:1 split in favor of the platform. Lord, give me strength.

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In other words: it only works if you don’t need the money, or if you’re absolutely gigantic, or you can get amazing CPM/RPMs.
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Pakistan allocates 2,000MW of electricity to bitcoin mining and AI data centres • Reuters

Asif Shahzad:

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Pakistan will allocate 2,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity in the first phase of a national initiative to power bitcoin mining and AI data centres, its finance ministry said on Sunday.

The allocation is part of Islamabad’s plans to use its surplus electricity to bitcoin mining and AI data centres.

Pakistan’s energy sector is grappling with challenges, including high electricity tariffs and surplus generation capacity.

The rapid expansion of solar energy has further complicated the landscape, as more consumers turn to alternative energy sources to mitigate high costs.

The initiative is spearheaded by the Pakistan Crypto Council (PCC), a government-backed body, which is part of a broader strategy to monetize surplus electricity, create high-tech jobs, and attract foreign investment, the ministry said.

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Pakistan has very strange power usage pattern: in the winter it collapses by 60%, because people use natural gas canisters and burn wood for heating. Those of course won’t power air conditioning in the summer. But the expansion of solar microgeneration means that demand isn’t coming at that time either.

So, surplus energy, what to do? Bitcoin and AI, of course.
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Was Meta failing at the job it’s hired for? The FTC wraps up case-in-chief • Big Tech on Trial

Brendan Benedict has been following the FTC’s trial against Meta. This is an extract from his writeup of some of the testimony:

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[Head of Facebook, Tom] Alison said the “diminishing friend content in feed is less a function of our decision and more a function of the fact that people just don’t want to post to their friends anymore at increasing rates. [It’s] been true for many years.” The court asked if that was because of declining posting or consumption or both. Alison said this is mainly due to declining posting.

According to Alison, there’s a “supply and demand imbalance”: people want to see more posts from friends, but they don’t want to post. “The world is moving to private spaces . . . posting a piece of content in feed might mean you get in an argument about politics with your brother-in-law,” or that you “said something and somebody screenshotted it and you get in trouble at work.” Chief Judge Boasberg said that sounded like “negative network effects,” which Zuckerberg talked about earlier in the trial. The court also asked if we’d know more in six months to a year if time spent on the friends tab suggests that friends and family sharing is the core interest, and Alison answered that there’s not enough data yet to know.

On cross, Kellogg Hansen’s Aaron Panner put up a chart showing an increase in the percentage of MAUs in the United States without a single Facebook friend on day 90 after account creation: the percentages increased from around 10% in 2012 to close to 50% in more recent years. Alison said he would show that slide at an “all-hands” Facebook meeting the next day. The chart sought “to illustrate that Facebook is going through a fundamental transformation” as people increasingly go to Facebook for reasons besides finding friends. On re-direct, though, Matheson pointed out that that data could include professional accounts, content creators, or fake accounts.

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“People want to see more posts from friends, but they don’t want to post.” It’s a fascinating commentary on how the social media landscape has changed. Now they’re probably posting in.. WhatsApp groups.
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Cracking the Dave & Buster’s iOS anomaly • Rambo Codes

Guilherme Rambo:

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I was listening to an episode of one of my favorite podcasts this weekend. The show is called Search Engine, and every episode tries to answer a question that can’t be easily answered through an actual search engine (or even AI).

This episode grabbed my attention because it was about an iOS bug, and a really weird one.

The bug is that, if you try to send an audio message using the Messages app to someone who’s also using the Messages app, and that message happens to include the name “Dave and Buster’s”, the message will never be received.

In case you’re wondering, “Dave and Buster’s” is the name of a sports bar and restaurant in the United States.

At the time I’m writing this post, this bug is still happening, so you should be able to reproduce it. I reproduced it using two iPhones running iOS 18.5 RC. As long as your audio message contains the phrase “Dave and Buster’s”, the recipient will only see the “dot dot dot” animation for several seconds, and it will then eventually disappear. They will never get the audio message.

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As with so many of these bugs, the question of how it was discovered is almost more interesting than why it happens. Though the latter is pretty interesting too.
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John Young, co-founder of web archive Cryptome, is dead at 89 • The Register

Iain Thomson:

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John Young, the co-founder of the legendary internet archive Cryptome, died at the age of 89 on March 28. The Register talked to friends and peers who gave tribute to a bright, pugnacious man who was devoted to the public’s right to know.

Before WikiLeaks, OpenLeaks, BayFiles, or Transparency Toolkit, there was Cryptome – an open internet archive that inspired them all, helped ignite the first digital crypto war, and even gave Julian Assange his start before falling out with him on principle.

Cryptome was set up by Young and his partner Deborah Natsios, who were architects living in New York at the time. They had similar backgrounds – Young had grown up with a “nomadic, hardscrabble Texas childhood,” Natsios told The Register, while she spent her early life bouncing from country to country as her father, a CIA operative, rotated through assignments.

The 1968 student protests at Columbia University radicalized Young, she said. The protesters demonstrated most famously against the Vietnam War, but also against the university building a segregated gym on campus – the students called it “Gym Crow.” Young was one of the protesters who occupied Avery Hall before the police moved in, arresting 700 people and injuring 100.

“My family had spent four years in Saigon in the years leading up to the war, where my father was CIA Chief of Station,” Natsios recounted. “John and I both found our shared defiance of government secrecy had sprung from intensely lived experience.”

A quarter of a century later, the idea of Cryptome was born. Young was an early adopter of computer-aided design and was watching the birth of the internet firsthand in the early 1990s.

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One wonders whether the Trump administration is going to radicalise people in the same way, or if we’ve gone too far past that in a world of short-form video content which can be clipped to tear them out of context.
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‘Pay here’: the QR code ‘quishing’ scam targeting drivers • The Guardian

Hilary Osborne:

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You park the car and look for somewhere to pay. A large QR code on the machine offers to take you directly to the right website where you put in your card details before going on with your day. Only much later are you hit with the double whammy: money gone from your account, and a fine for not paying the genuine parking company.

The rise in app- and phone-based parking payment has opened a new frontier for fraudsters: quishing – so called because they are phishing attacks that start with a QR code. The fraudsters stick the codes in places where you would expect to see details of how to pay to park. When you scan one, it takes you to a site where you are asked for your payment details – as you would expect when booking parking.

One victim who scanned a code in a station car park told the BBC that the fraudsters tried to take payments then posed as her bank to get more information from her, before running up £13,000 worth of debt in her name.

Last year, the UK’s Action Fraud received 1,386 reports of scams involving QR codes – a small number, but more than double that in the previous year. In just the first three months of 2025 there were 502, suggesting the problem is growing.

Chris Ainsley, the head of fraud risk management at Santander UK, says it is hard to get a full picture of the scale of the fraud. “Unless drivers receive a parking ticket, a lot of people are unaware that their personal or card details were compromised in this way,” he says. “When it comes to reporting the eventual scam, often the fact that it originated through quishing goes undocumented.”

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This is absolutely the worst thing about the proliferation of parking apps: people aren’t surprised to be told they have to “scan here” to get Yet Another Parking App, so these catch them out.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified