A dramatic decline in literacy among the young is matched by the rise of the smartphone. Are we in a post-literate society? CC-licensed photo by James West on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

It’s Friday, so there’s another post due at the Social Warming Substack at about 0845 UK time.

A selection of 10 links for you. Read this first. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

The dawn of the post-literate society • Cultural Capital

James Marriott:

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The world of print is orderly, logical and rational. In books, knowledge is classified, comprehended, connected and put in its place. Books make arguments, propose theses, develop ideas. “To engage with the written word”, the media theorist Neil Postman wrote, “means to follow a line of thought, which requires considerable powers of classifying, inference-making and reasoning.”

As Postman pointed out, it is no accident, that the growth of print culture in the eighteenth century was associated with the growing prestige of reason, hostility to superstition, the birth of capitalism, and the rapid development of science. Other historians have linked the eighteenth century explosion of literacy to the Enlightenment, the birth of human rights, the arrival of democracy and even the beginnings of the industrial revolution.

The world as we know it was forged in the reading revolution.

Now, we are living through the counter-revolution.

More than three hundred years after the reading revolution ushered in a new era of human knowledge, books are dying. Numerous studies show that reading is in free-fall. Even the most pessimistic twentieth-century critics of the screen-age would have struggled to predict the scale of the present crisis.

In America, reading for pleasure has fallen by forty% in the last twenty years. In the UK, more than a third of adults say they have given up reading. The National Literacy Trust reports “shocking and dispiriting” falls in children’s reading, which is now at its lowest level on record. The publishing industry is in crisis: as the author Alexander Larman writes, “books that once would have sold in the tens, even hundreds, of thousands are now lucky to sell in the mid-four figures.”

…What happened was the smartphone, which was widely adopted in developed countries in the mid-2010s. Those years will be remembered as a watershed in human history.

Never before has there been a technology like the smartphone. Where previous entertainment technologies like cinema or television were intended to capture their audience’s attention for a period, the smartphone demands your entire life. Phones are designed to be hyper-addictive, hooking users on a diet of pointless notifications, inane short-form videos and social media rage bait.

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Important and thoughtful piece of writing. (Which I came to via a podcast. Ahem.) Rob Graham observed astutely that the reason all the claims by Trumpists that the 2020 election was “stolen” were made on video was because, aside from it being popular, it’s very difficult to spot elisions and omissions in video: it streams past. With print, you can pause, read at your own pace, reflect. We are losing something very important.
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‘My son genuinely believed it was real’: parents are letting little kids play with AI. Are they wrong? • The Guardian

Julia Carrie Wong:

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Josh was at the end of his rope when he turned to ChatGPT for help with a parenting quandary. The 40-year-old father of two had been listening to his “super loquacious” four-year-old talk about Thomas the Tank Engine for 45 minutes, and he was feeling overwhelmed.

“He was not done telling the story that he wanted to tell, and I needed to do my chores, so I let him have the phone,” recalled Josh, who lives in north-west Ohio. “I thought he would finish the story and the phone would turn off.”

But when Josh returned to the living room two hours later, he found his child still happily chatting away with ChatGPT in voice mode. “The transcript is over 10k words long,” he confessed in a sheepish Reddit post. “My son thinks ChatGPT is the coolest train loving person in the world. The bar is set so high now I am never going to be able to compete with that.”

From radio and television to video games and tablets, new technology has long tantalized overstretched parents of preschool-age kids with the promise of entertainment and enrichment that does not require their direct oversight, even as it carried the hint of menace that accompanies any outside influence on the domestic sphere. A century ago, mothers in Arizona worried that radio programs were “overstimulating, frightening and emotionally overwhelming” for children; today’s parents self-flagellate over screen time and social media.

But the startlingly lifelike capabilities of generative AI systems have left many parents wondering if AI is an entirely new beast. Chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) are engaging young children in ways the makers of board games, Teddy Ruxpin, Furby and even the iPad never dreamed of: they produce personalized bedtime stories, carry on conversations tailored to a child’s interests, and generate photorealistic images of the most far-fetched flights of fancy – all for a child who can not yet read, write or type.

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Interesting piece. Though will it make the next generation literate, or self-absorbed?
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Japan is running out of its favorite beer after ransomware attack • Financial Times via Ars Technica

Harry Dempsey and Leo Lewis:

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Japan is just a few days away from running out of Asahi Super Dry as the producer of the nation’s most popular beer wrestles with a devastating cyber attack that has shut down its domestic breweries.

The vast majority of Asahi Group’s 30 factories in Japan have not operated since Monday after the attack disabled its ordering and delivery system, the company said.

Retailers are already expecting empty shelves as the outage stretches into its fourth day with no clear timeline for factories recommencing operations. Super Dry could also run out at izakaya pubs, which rely on draught and bottles.

Lawson, one of Japan’s big convenience stores, said in a statement that it stocks many Asahi Group products and “it is possible that some of these products may become increasingly out of stock from tomorrow onwards.”

“This is having an impact on everyone,” said an executive at another of Japan’s major retailers. “I think we will run out of products soon. When it comes to Super Dry, I think we’ll run out in two or three days at supermarkets and Asahi’s food products within a week or so.”

The executive said that it would look to other brands such as Suntory or Kirin to quench Japanese drinkers’ thirst but acknowledged that many customers are fiercely loyal to Super Dry’s taste.

Asahi declined to comment on any possible shortage or retailer inventories. Japan’s largest brewer produces the equivalent of 6.7m large bottles of beer per day on average in the country, based on Financial Times calculations using its 2024 sales figure.

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This means war, surely. OK, Jaguar can’t make cars, that’s tolerable, but you cut off a nation’s beer?
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The smart glasses race is really on now • The Verge

Jay Peters:

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Last month, I had a conversation with someone wearing glasses — and couldn’t see that they had a display right in front of one of their eyes. Through a monitor connected to the glasses, I watched in awe as my colleague Victoria Song scrolled through and wrote WhatsApp messages, used the display as a viewfinder for a photo, changed the volume on Spotify by turning her hand as if she was holding a knob, and even looked at directions on a map. And when I looked Victoria in the eye, while I could tell she was looking at something on the glasses, I couldn’t see the display at all.

This was my first look at the Meta Ray-Ban Display, the company’s new smart glasses with a monocular screen. It was a hugely impressive demo. And it was all happening on a pair of glasses that, while bulky, could totally pass for something a normal person would wear. Ray-Ban put its name on the glasses, after all.

As we walked away from the demo, I remember thinking that an Apple version of those glasses would be the most obvious thing in the world. Can you imagine how useful it would be to have a pair of glasses connected to your iPhone with speakers, a camera at eye level, and your own private display to show you things like notifications, music, and directions right in front of your eyes?

Apparently, somebody at Apple thinks that, too. Bloomberg reported this week that Apple is pausing work on a lighter Vision Pro headset in favor of speeding up its smart glasses efforts, which include pairs with and without a display.

Even the non-display glasses seem like a slam dunk for Apple. Imagine AirPods, but sunglasses; if that was the entire product, I’d probably be first in line. Apple’s first glasses will reportedly have a camera, too, and while I’m a little more skeptical of cameras on your face, the millions of people who have already bought Ray-Ban Meta glasses prove that there’s a market for something like that, too.

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I find it utterly astonishing that Apple wasted years on the Vision Pro when smart glasses were waiting, right there, to be invented and made good. It’s been obvious for years that this is the valuable fruit. Not low-hanging, perhaps, but tantalising and so, so tastily lucrative.
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Americans increasingly see legal sports betting as a bad thing for society and sports • Pew Research Center

John Gramlich:

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Public awareness of legal sports betting has grown in recent years – and so has the perception that it is a bad thing for society and sports, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

Today, 43% of U.S. adults say the fact that sports betting is now legal in much of the country is a bad thing for society. That’s up from 34% in 2022. And 40% of adults now say it’s a bad thing for sports, up from 33%.

Despite these increasingly critical views of legal sports betting, many Americans continue to say it has neither a bad nor good impact on society and on sports. Fewer than one-in-five see positive impacts.

Meanwhile, the share of Americans who have bet money on sports in the past year has not changed much since 2022. Today, 22% of adults say they’ve personally bet money on sports in the past year. That’s a slight uptick from 19% three years ago. This figure includes betting in any of three ways:

• With friends or family, such as in a private betting pool, fantasy league or casual bet
• Online with a betting app, sportsbook or casino
• In person at a casino, racetrack or betting kiosk

All of this increase has come through online sports betting: 10% of adults now say they’ve placed a bet this way in the past year, up from 6% in 2022. There has been no change in the shares of adults who have bet on sports with family or friends or in person at a casino, racetrack or betting kiosk.

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Commercial sports betting only became legal throughout the US in 2018, so this is a pretty rapid takeoff for resistance to it. The problem, as I see it, is that the power imbalance is so stark between bettors and the betting companies. The latter are always rich; the former do not win, on the whole. So betting between individuals? Fine. (Though of course this opens the door to the Mafia; but they can’t be on the internet in the same way.) In person at a casino or racetrack? Also fine. But online? That’s the problem.

And as I wrote a few weeks ago, it creates problems for the players of the sports too.
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China’s EV battery giants outpace South Korea’s struggling rivals • Rest of World

Ananya Bhattacharya:

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China’s battery giants have pulled the plug on South Korea’s dominance in powering electric vehicles.

South Korea’s three top EV battery makers — LG Energy Solution, SK On, and Samsung SDI — are operating their factories at half capacity, while Chinese rivals CATL and BYDi

run theirs near full throttle. The global battery industry has fundamentally realigned from premium performance to cost-effectiveness. 

While South Korean manufacturers built their business on nickel-based batteries with superior energy density, Chinese companies dominate production of cheaper lithium iron phosphate batteries that automakers now prefer.

“When automakers accept LFP for high volumes, demand for premium nickel cells becomes a niche market serving luxury, long-range, and performance vehicles,” Oliver Petschenyk, powertrain analyst at research firm GlobalData, told Rest of World. “This shrinks the volume addressable for South Korean players built around that chemistry.”

LG Energy Solution’s factory use has fallen for four straight years while China’s CATL operates at 90% capacity, according to SNE Research. The three South Korean giants’ combined share outside China dropped to 38% this year, down seven percentage points from 2024.

The battery wars that reshaped the industry began in 2021 when Chinese companies massively increased production of nickel-manganese-cobalt batteries. The surge drove up prices for lithium, nickel, and cobalt, widening the cost differential between NMC and LFP battery packs and triggering a market shift that South Korean firms failed to anticipate.

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When it comes to important technologies, China has been farsighted and determined about getting its companies into pole positions.
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Judge signals Meta may owe $8bn in menstrual app privacy suit • Courthouse News Service

Margaret Attridge:

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A federal judge Tuesday indicated that Meta may have to pay nearly $8bn to users of the period tracking app Flo who had their information illegally recorded by Meta.

In August, a jury found that Meta violated the California Invasion of Privacy Act when it intentionally recorded the sensitive health information of millions of women through Flo following a two-week trial this summer.

The plaintiffs proposed damages of $5,000 per class member — the amount of statutory damages allowed per violation of the California Invasion of Privacy Act.

Michael P. Canty of New York-based Labaton Keller Sucharow, an attorney for the plaintiffs, said they don’t know the exact size of the class but estimate around 1.6 million eligible class members in California.

US District Judge James Donato, a Barack Obama appointee, did not object to the proposed damages amount and stated that he was aware of, but not concerned about, the potential for fraud given the high damages amount.

“There’s no reason that gives me undue concern that there will be rampant fraud. We are not going to let people cheat the system. I want to see as many cross-checks as we can,” he said.

The plaintiffs are proposing a streamlined claims procedure that requires class members to submit their name and contact information and attest under penalty of perjury that they lived in California and downloaded the Flo Health app between Nov. 1, 2016, and Feb 28, 2019.

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The good old days of privacy invasion just because you had access to everything on the phone may be past, but their legacy is not.

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AI wrote nearly a quarter of corporate press releases in 2024 • EurekAlert!

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Since 2022, American companies, consumers, and even the United Nations have used large language models—artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT that are trained to create text that reads like human-generated writing. In a study published October 2 in the Cell Press journal Patterns, researchers reveal that AI is used in an average of 17% of analyzed corporate and governmental written content, from job posts to press releases, and this rate will likely continue to increase.  

“This is the first comprehensive review of the use of AI-assisted writing across diverse sectors of society,” says corresponding author James Zou of Stanford University. “We were able to look at the adoption patterns across a variety of stakeholders and users, and all of them showed a very consistent increasing trend in the last 2 years.”  

Large language models became widely available to the public in late 2022. Today, more than a billion people around the world use them regularly. 

Zou and his team decided to use an AI detection program that they’d previously developed to investigate the adoption patterns of these AI tools across four different writing contexts: US consumer complaints, company press releases, UN press releases, and job postings. They collected text published between January 2022 and September 2024 from each of these domains and ran it through the program.  

To start, the team analyzed more than 687,000 complaints submitted between 2022 and 2024 to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, a US government agency responsible for protecting consumers from banks and other financial companies. They found that about 18% of these complaints were likely written by AI.  

For the corporate news releases, the researchers analyzed text published in three major news release platforms in the US: Newswire, PRWeb, and PRNewswire. They found that since the launch of ChatGPT, nearly a quarter of releases on these sites were AI generated. In particular, science and technology releases had the highest AI use rate by the end of 2023. 

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To be honest, I think this would be a welcome release for most people in PR. Writing press releases is a form of torture for them, because they know they’ll be largely ignored. This is much better. Obviously, journalists need to respond in kind by getting an AI agent to filter all the email that arrives in their inboxes.
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OpenAI hits $500bn valuation after share sale to SoftBank, others, source says • Reuters

Krystal Hu:

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OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, has reached a valuation of $500bn, following a deal in which current and former employees sold roughly $6.6bn worth of shares, a source familiar with the matter told Reuters on Thursday.

This represents a bump-up from its current valuation of $300bn, underscoring OpenAI’s rapid gains in both users and revenue. Reuters reported details of the stock sale earlier in August.

As part of the deal, OpenAI employees sold shares to a consortium of investors including Thrive Capital, SoftBank, Dragoneer Investment Group, Abu Dhabi’s MGX and T. Rowe Price, according to the source, who spoke on the condition of anonymity as they were not authorized to speak to the media.

The company had authorized sales of $10bn-plus worth of stock on the secondary market, the source added.

Thrive Capital, SoftBank, Dragoneer, MGX and T. Rowe Price did not immediately respond to Reuters’ requests for comment.

The share sale adds to SoftBank’s earlier investment in OpenAI’s $40bn primary funding round.

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And yet we begin to wonder if there is enough money in all the world to fund what OpenAI wants to do (make a really, really good video generator that can take over TikTok and write press releases with the other hand. Forget the artificial general intelligence stuff).
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Labour plans to consult on use of live facial recognition before wider roll-out • The Guardian

Rajeev Syal:

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Labour plans to consult on the use of live facial recognition (LFR) technology before expanding it across England, the new policing minister has told the party’s annual conference.

Sarah Jones, a Home Office minister, said the government would “put some parameters” over when and where it could be used in future.

Campaigners claim the police have been allowed to self-regulate their use of the technology because of the lack of a legal framework and deploy the technology’s algorithm at lower settings that are biased against ethnic minorities and women. The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) has said its use is unlawful and incompatible with European laws.

Speaking at a Tony Blair Institute fringe meeting in Liverpool, Jones said: “We need to put some parameters around what we can use facial recognition for. “There has been some advice on how we use it. But we need to go further to make sure it’s clear when it should be used and when it shouldn’t be used, to put some structure around it. Because there isn’t really much of a structure around what it’s used for at the moment. We need to look at whether that’s enough and whether we need to do more.”

Jones, the MP for Croydon West, said Chris Philp, the shadow home secretary and a fellow Croydon MP, had supported its use after it was deployed to catch criminals in thesouth London borough. “Chris Philp is very keen on it and talks about it all the time as well. And what we have seen from Croydon is that it works.”

…Civil liberty groups have called on the Metropolitan police to drop the use of LFR cameras after a high court challenge was launched last month by Shaun Thompson, an anti-knife campaigner. Thompson, a Black British man, was wrongly identified by LFR as a criminal, held by police, and then faced demands from officers for his fingerprints.

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The EHRC opposition says LFR interferes with right to privacy, freedom of expression and freedom of assembly. The high court challenge will probably go to the UK Supreme Court.
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

In January 2022, a volcano near the remote island of Tonga erupted – and cut the island off from the internet, and the rest of the world. CC-licensed photo by James St. John on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 10 links for you. Did it? I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

UK once again demands backdoor to Apple’s encrypted cloud storage • Financial Times via Ars Technica

Anna Gross and Tim Bradshaw:

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The UK government has issued a new order to Apple to create a backdoor into its cloud storage service, this time targeting only British users’ data, despite US claims that Britain had abandoned all attempts to break the tech giant’s encryption.

The UK Home Office demanded in early September that Apple create a means to allow officials access to encrypted cloud backups, but stipulated that the order applied only to British citizens’ data, according to people briefed on the matter.

A previous technical capability notice (TCN) issued in January sought global access to encrypted user data. That move sparked a diplomatic clash between the UK and US governments and threatened to derail the two nations’ efforts to secure a trade agreement.

In February, Apple withdrew its most secure cloud storage service, iCloud Advanced Data Protection, from the UK.

“Apple is still unable to offer Advanced Data Protection in the United Kingdom to new users,” Apple said on Wednesday. “We are gravely disappointed that the protections provided by ADP are not available to our customers in the UK given the continuing rise of data breaches and other threats to customer privacy.”

It added: “As we have said many times before, we have never built a back door or master key to any of our products or services and we never will.”

The Home Office said: “We do not comment on operational matters, including, for example, confirming or denying the existence of any such notices.

“We will always take all actions necessary at the domestic level to keep UK citizens safe.”

Both Apple and the Home Office are restricted from discussing TCNs by law.

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As the eminent cryptographer Matthew Green points out, this is a really strange demand. ADP (user-encrypted backups) aren’t available in the UK. Only health data, web history and passwords are end-to-end encrypted in backups. Or iMessage, maybe. Or, final maybe, the ADP backups of foreign users on British soil. (Spies? Terrorists?)

It’s all terrible overreach which makes the government look bad. Or worse.
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Intel in early talks to add AMD as foundry customer • Semafor

Rohan Goswami:

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Intel is in early-stage talks to add AMD as a customer at Intel’s factories, in what would be another vote of confidence in the struggling chipmaker, according to people familiar with the matter.

In the past seven weeks, Intel has gained investment dollars and public support from the White House, Nvidia, and SoftBank, and is in talks for backing from Apple, Semafor and others have reported. AMD designs chips that are currently produced mostly by Taiwan’s TSMC, and Intel currently lacks the technology to produce AMD’s most advanced, profitable chips.

It’s unclear how much of their manufacturing would shift to Intel if the two companies reach a deal, or whether it would come with a direct investment by AMD, similar to the deals cut by other companies. It is possible that no agreement will be reached, the people said.

Spokespeople for Intel and AMD declined to comment. Intel shares rose around 3.5% on the news and are up around 77% for the year.

AMD has reason to stay in the White House’s good graces. Its significant business selling chips in China was hit by export restrictions earlier this year, which Trump recently loosened.

Intel’s chip factories are considered inferior to TSMCs. But big American companies, following the Trump administration’s preference for having a US chip-manufacturing champion, have diverted at least some of their production, mostly for less-advanced chips, towards Intel’s domestic foundries.

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Not impossible, only unlikely. And becoming more likely all the time.
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OpenAI’s Sora 2 lets users insert themselves into AI videos with sound • Ars Technica

Benj Edwards:

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Aside from visual and auditory upgrades, OpenAI is taking another big step away from its AI research lab pedigree toward making the new model available to average people in an easy-to-use way. It’s doing it by packaging Sora 2 into a social iOS app that focuses on creating and sharing AI-generated content.

That new iOS app has already launched in the US and Canada as an invite-based rollout, with plans to expand to additional countries. Users can sign up in the app for notifications when access becomes available for their account. The service will initially be free with what OpenAI describes as “generous limits,” though the company plans to offer paid options for additional generations when demand exceeds available compute resources.

Using the app, users can create videos, remix content from other users, and browse a customizable feed of generated videos. As mentioned above, the app’s Cameo feature allows users to essentially deepfake themselves by recording a one-time video and audio capture, which the model can then insert into any Sora-generated scene.

In addition to the basic Sora 2 model on the website and in the app, ChatGPT Pro subscribers will gain access to Sora 2 Pro, described as an experimental higher-quality model. OpenAI also plans to release Sora 2 through its API for developers. The older Sora 1 Turbo model will remain available, and existing creations will stay in users’ Sora libraries.

So, what could go wrong with an app that can easily put people into AI-generated videos? Well, just about everything. Battling misuse is likely going to be a tricky issue for the company. In the recent past, we’ve seen instances of AI deepfaking (not related to OpenAI) without consent that have led to bullying lawsuits, criminal penalties, and suicides.

OpenAI is taking precautions. Given recently prominent corporate sensitivities following a ChatGPT user’s suicide, OpenAI says Sora 2 includes specific protections for teenage users. Those include default daily-generation limits and strict permissions for the cameos feature. OpenAI says it has deployed both automated safety systems and human moderators to review potential cases of bullying or misuse.

In particular, OpenAI has built in layers of security for the cameos feature. It says that users can maintain control over their uploaded likeness: They can decide who can use their cameo in videos and can revoke access or remove videos containing their likeness at any time. Users can also view all videos containing their cameo, including drafts created by other people.

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OpenAI is talking nonsense here. There are videos including OpenAI CEO’s Sam Altman’s likeness all over the place.
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People are farming and selling Sora 2 invite codes on eBay • 404 Media

Jason Koebler:

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People are farming and selling invite codes for Sora 2 on eBay, which is currently the fastest and most reliable way to get onto OpenAI’s new video generation and TikTok-clone-but-make-it-AI-slop app. Because of the way Sora is set up, it is possible to buy one code, register an account, then get more codes with the new account and repeat the process.

On eBay, there are about 20 active listings for Sora 2 invite codes and 30 completed listings in which invite codes have sold. I bought a code from a seller for $12, and received a working code a few minutes later. The moment I activated my account, I was given four new codes for Sora 2. When I went into the histories of some of the sellers, many of them had sold a handful of codes previously, suggesting they were able to get their hands on more than four invites. It’s possible to do this just by cycling through accounts; each invite code is good for four invites, so it is possible to use one invite code for a new account for yourself, sell three of them, and repeat the process.

There are also dozens of people claiming to be selling or giving away codes on Reddit and X; some are asking for money via Cash App or Venmo, while others are asking for crypto. One guy has even created a website in which he has generated all 2.1 billion six-digit hexadecimal combinations to allow people to randomly guess / brute force the app (the site is a joke). 

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I get the feeling OpenAI isn’t that worried about more people using Sora 2. But also: where’s the evidence that OpenAI is working towards its fabled AGI, rather than a video slop machine?
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Critics slam OpenAI’s parental controls while users rage, “treat us like adults” • Ars Technica

Ashley Belanger:

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As OpenAI tells it, the company has been consistently rolling out safety updates ever since Matthew and Maria Raine, sued OpenAI, alleging that ChatGPT led to the death of their son.

On August 26, the day that the lawsuit was filed, OpenAI seemed to publicly respond to claims that ChatGPT acted as a “suicide coach” for 16-year-old Adam Raine by posting a blog promising to do better to help people “when they need it most.”

By September 2, that meant routing all users’ sensitive conversations to a reasoning model with stricter safeguards, sparking backlash from users who feel like ChatGPT is handling their prompts with kid gloves. Two weeks later, OpenAI announced it would start predicting users’ ages to improve safety more broadly. Then, this week, OpenAI introduced parental controls for ChatGPT and its video generator Sora 2. Those controls allow parents to limit their teens’ use and even get access to information about chat logs in “rare cases” where OpenAI’s “system and trained reviewers detect possible signs of serious safety risk.”

While dozens of suicide prevention experts in an open letter credited OpenAI for making some progress toward improving safety for users, they also joined critics in urging OpenAI to take their efforts even further, and much faster, to protect vulnerable ChatGPT users.

Jay Edelson, the lead attorney for the Raine family, told Ars that some of the changes OpenAI has made are helpful. But they all come “far too late.” According to Edelson, OpenAI’s messaging on safety updates is also “trying to change the facts.”

…On the X post where OpenAI announced parental controls, some parents slammed the update.

In the X thread, one self-described parent of a 12-year-old suggested OpenAI was only offering “essentially just a set of useless settings,” requesting that the company consider allowing parents to review topics teens discuss as one way to preserve privacy while protecting kids.

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The tension between child (or teenager) safety and adult use will always exist where there’s a single interface to the whole product. You simply can’t pretend they won’t intersect. But OpenAI (like YouTube before it) is pretending that.
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Internet and cell phone resume in Afghanistan​ • Reuters

Mohammad Yunus Yawar:

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Cell phone and internet services were restored in Afghanistan on Wednesday, local residents said, some 48 hours after diplomatic and industry sources said connectivity was abruptly cut on the orders of the Taliban administration.

The cell phone services of Roshan and Etisalat companies, the foreign-owned biggest providers, came back to life in the late afternoon, residents in Kabul and other cities said. Internet access was restored, according to companies providing the service.

A Taliban official from the information department said there were technical reasons for the outage and that services would be quickly restored. He did not immediately respond to a request for comment on whether the Taliban had ordered the outage.

…In the past, the Taliban have voiced concern about online pornography and authorities have cut fibre-optic links to some provinces in recent weeks, with officials citing morality concerns.

The outage on connectivity, which started on Monday, follows a series of hardline strictures this year, as the Taliban’s conservative leadership, based in the southern city of Kandahar, enforces its views in a tussle against some relatively more open-minded ministers in the capital Kabul.

The outage had caused chaos, with financial remittances, trade with neighbouring countries and the operations of banks paralysed, while many Afghans were left stranded without flights.

Online learning by teenage girls and women, an education lifeline after they were banned by the Taliban from high schools and universities, was also brought to a stop.

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These “morality concerns” – wouldn’t the simplest thing be to ban men from using the internet, and insist that only women could? Can the Taliban go that far?
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Please let the robots have this one • The Argument Mag

Kelsey Piper:

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In The Argument’s September polling on all things AI, we asked “Do you think your city or town should allow or ban self-driving cars?” Twenty-eight% wanted to allow them. Forty-one% wanted to ban them. There were no truly enthusiastic contingencies for self-driving cars — they do a bit better with liberals, younger people, and more educated people, but not a single group has a majority in favor.

By contrast, there’s a large mass of old people that are extremely opposed to self-driving cars, which is especially ironic when you consider that they are also the most likely to cause the very crashes that this technology would protect us from.

When we asked voters why they want to ban self-driving cars, they gave us a range of reasons, which generally boiled down to safety and trust.

Hopefully, the safety concerns will be responsive to the safety data! To most of the country, self-driving cars are still a hypothetical, and I think at least some people will be won over when they see how well these cars drive (as a pedestrian, it’s really notable how they just stop for you at crosswalks!). And there is more support for self-driving cars out West, where they actually exist in significant numbers.

But even in San Francisco where Waymos are a reality, I still run into a lot of Waymo haters. Sometimes they hate the cars for taking jobs from Uber and Lyft drivers. (Though remember how a couple of years ago everyone wanted to ban Uber and Lyft?) Sometimes they hate the cars out of vague anti-corporate sentiment. But often, what they really hate isn’t Waymo at all.

A Waymo is often seen as a physical-world embodiment of the flood of AI slop replacing high-quality artwork and filling social media feeds with fake nonsense. That quiet, whirring car is a reminder that the once-useful assumption that a lengthy written text had required some human to apply serious thought at some point is now no longer valid. But you can’t vandalize ChatGPT, so anti-AI sentiment finds its expression in harassing Waymos.

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There is the little fact about self-driving cars not really being a thing in more complicated road conditions, but for American cities they make a lot of sense.
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‘Reverse Midas touch’: Starmer plan prompts collapse in support for digital IDs • The Guardian

Eleni Courea:

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Public support for digital IDs has collapsed after Keir Starmer announced plans for their introduction, in what has been described as a symptom of the prime minister’s “reverse Midas touch”.

Net support for digital ID cards fell from 35% in the early summer to -14% at the weekend after Starmer’s announcement, according to polling by More in Common. The findings suggest that the proposal has suffered considerably from its association with an unpopular government. In June, 53% of voters surveyed said they were in favour of digital ID cards for all Britons, while 19% were opposed.

Starmer set out plans to roll out a national digital ID scheme on Friday, saying it presented an “enormous opportunity” for the UK that would “make it tougher to work illegally in this country”.

Just 31% of people surveyed after Starmer’s announcement over the weekend said they were supportive of the scheme, with 45% saying they were opposed. Of those, 32% said they were strongly opposed. More than 2.6 million people have signed a petition against introduction of the IDs.

Advocates of a national digital ID scheme are frustrated at the way the policy has been presented and believe that now it may never be implemented.

More in Common’s polling suggests public dissatisfaction with the government is behind the collapse in support. It found that 58% of those who thought Starmer was doing a bad job as prime minister opposed digital IDs, while only 20% supported them. On the other hand, of those who thought Starmer was doing a good job, 71% were supportive of digital IDs and 14% were opposed.

…Ministers have said digital ID cards will be used to prove a person’s right to live and work in the UK and will be compulsory for anyone who wants employment. The government is concerned that the relative ease of finding illegal work in the UK’s shadow economy is one of the factors encouraging people to make illegal and dangerous journeys across the Channel.

The photo IDs will be stored on smartphones in a similar way to digital bank cards and will contain information on the holder’s name, residency status, date of birth and nationality. They will not be required to access healthcare or welfare payments.

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The idea is a bit barmy, though. Completely uncooked.
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The latest on the Anthropic settlement with authors • Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS)

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In June, the judge presiding over the Bartz v Anthropic lawsuit ruled that Anthropic must pay damages for its use of pirated datasets LibGen and the Pirate Library Mirror (PiLiMi) to train its AI models. 

A trial was scheduled for December to determine the extent of damages paid, which Anthropic has avoided by reaching a landmark settlement with the authors involved in the class-action lawsuit. This settlement has now been given preliminary approval. 

What happens next? By Thursday October 2, the website www.anthropiccopyrightsettlement.com will be made live. This website will include a searchable list of all works eligible for compensation. It will also include a claims form for those with eligible works. This is how you identify yourself and officially request payment. The website will also include a calendar of relevant deadlines.  

If your works are included in this list, you will receive an official notice from the Settlement Administrator. However, you don’t need to wait for this notice to submit your claims form. The deadline to claim is 23 March 2026. 

Authors based outside of the US are also eligible for payment. However, to be eligible for payment their works must: 

• Have been downloaded from LibGen and/or PiLiMi
• Have been registered with the US Copyright Office within 3 months of publication or before it was downloaded by Anthropic and within 5 years of publication 
• Have a valid ISBN or ASIN 

Because of the strict eligibility criteria, only approximately 500,000 titles out of the seven million copies of books that Anthropic reportedly downloaded meet the definition required to be included in the works list. Rightholders will receive approximately $3,000 per eligible title, with an optional split of 50/50 between author and publisher for most books, and a tailored approach for education works.

…The Authors Guild, who are administering this lawsuit, have compiled a comprehensive set of questions and answers on their website here.

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Can’t decide if I want my works to have been pirated or not. But I’ll definitely go and check the website.
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Extremely offline: what happened when a Pacific island was cut off from the internet • The Guardian

Samanth Subramanian:

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Since its several brief eruptions the previous month, December 2021, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai had continued to gurgle and churn. On that Saturday, 15 January [2022], 2.4 cubic miles of sediment and molten rock shot through its mouth with the force of what scientists call a “magma hammer”, sending a plume of ash at least 35 miles up into the atmosphere. It was the largest atmospheric explosion that modern instruments had recorded, outdoing any nuclear bomb ever detonated. They heard the sound in Alaska. Seven and a half thousand miles away, in the south Indian city of Chennai, meteorologists measured an abrupt spike in atmospheric pressure. It was Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai, doing its thing.

On his drive home, Vea had called relatives in the US through Facebook Messenger to let them know he was all right. At some point during their conversation, the line cut out. He assumed the network was overloaded by everybody getting online at the same time. “This is usually a problem for us,” he told me. Vea, DHL’s agent in Tonga, is the president of the Tonga Chamber of Commerce & Industry, and we met in his spare, sunny office in the capital of Nuku’alofa, three streets from the Pacific. The curtains were red, and the sun filtered through in a dull watermelon light.

Vea wears a perpetual expression of mirth, and it was difficult to imagine him as worried as he was on the day the volcano blew up, sitting in his van in the middle of a rain of ash, staring at his suddenly useless phone. He decided he’d try his relatives later, after the traffic online subsided. At home, though, the power was out, and he couldn’t charge his phone, so it was only the next morning, when he tuned in to Radio Tonga, that he learned the country had lost its internet altogether – and with it, all its means of reaching the world beyond the wide, silent water.

…Commerce broke down. Since this happened in the middle of the Covid pandemic, DHL was flying only one plane a week to Tonga – but without the internet, Vea couldn’t file or receive manifests online. The ATMs went dead, because banks couldn’t check how much money their customers had in their accounts – and that, in an economy still accustomed to cash, immediately put livelihoods in danger. Owners of fisheries and farms of squash and breadfruit were unable to fill out the compliance and quarantine forms needed to export their produce. Tongans living overseas couldn’t wire funds home to help their families – and at the time, foreign remittances made up 44% of the country’s GDP.

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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified

A new use for ChatGPT has been found – locating the “cancel subscription” button on websites. CC-licensed photo by Alachua County on Flickr.

You can sign up to receive each day’s Start Up post by email. You’ll need to click a confirmation link, so no spam.

There’s another post coming this week at the Social Warming Substack on Friday at 0845 UK time. Free signup.

A selection of 9 links for you. It’s down there. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Threads: charles_arthur. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. On Bluesky: @charlesarthur.bsky.social. Observations and links welcome.

Imgur blocks UK users after data watchdog signals possible fine • Bleeping Computer

Lawrence Abrams:

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While Imgur has not issued a statement, the geoblock comes after the UK’s data watchdog, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), announced in March that it was investigating whether TikTok, Reddit, and Imgur were appropriately protecting children’s data and assessing the age of those from the country under the Online Safety Act (OSA).

The ICO states that it has completed its investigation and issued a notice of intent to impose a monetary fine on MediaLab regarding these concerns on September 10.

“We reached our provisional findings on this investigation, and we issued a notice of intent to impose a monetary penalty on MediaLab on 10 September 2025,” reads a statement from the ICO. “Our findings are provisional and the ICO will carefully consider any representations from MediaLab before taking a final decision whether to issue a monetary penalty.”  

In response, Imgur decided to geoblock the entire country, no longer allowing people in the UK to access its site or any content hosted from its servers. However, the ICO warns that blocking users from the UK does not exempt the organization from paying a previously imposed fine.

As one of the largest media-sharing sites in the world, this geoblock has had a widespread impact. On websites that allow users to embed images, such as Steam Workshop and discussion forums, people from the UK are now seeing purple rectangles stating, “Content now viewable in your region”.

Currently, the only workaround is to use a VPN, which enables you to connect from an IP address in another country.

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The Online Safety Act is going to make itself enormously unpopular, and it will be very difficult to prove that it has brought any benefit at all: how do you prove that children haven’t been corrupted by the internet, when services such as TikTok exist? Which probably means that some part of it will have to be rolled back when MPs start hearing from dissatisfied users.
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Google is blocking AI searches linking Trump and dementia • The Verge

Jay Peters:

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Google appears to have blocked AI search results for the query “does trump show signs of dementia” as well as other questions about his mental acuity, even though it will show AI results for similar searches about other presidents.

When making the search about President Trump, AI Overviews will display a message that says, “An AI Overview is not available for this search”.

Go directly to AI Mode, and you’ll only receive a list of 10 web results instead of a summarized page of information:

Similar searches about Trump are limited in the same way. Various queries about dementia, Alzheimer’s, and senility display no AI overview and only produce a list of links inside AI Mode.

However Google’s behavior is inconsistent if you swap in different names. When asking “does biden show signs of dementia”, Google doesn’t show an AI Overview at all. But in AI Mode, it will offer a summarized response. When I searched for it, the response started with, “It’s not possible to definitively state whether former President Joe Biden has dementia based solely on publicly available information.”

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This also applies outside the US, if you were wondering. As someone once said about a dissent-crushing regime, “Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.”
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Afghanistan hit by communications blackout after Taliban shuts internet • AFP via The Guardian

Agence France-Presse in Islamabad:

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A huge communications blackout has hit Afghanistan after Taliban authorities began severing fibre-optic connections in several provinces to prevent “vice”.

“A nationwide telecoms blackout is now in effect,” said Netblocks, a watchdog organisation that monitors cybersecurity and internet governance. “We’re now observing national connectivity at 14% of ordinary levels.” The watchdog said the incident “appears consistent with the intentional disconnection of service”.

Taliban authorities began the crackdown on internet access earlier this month, in effect shutting down high-speed internet in several regions. Over the past several weeks, internet connections have been extremely slow or intermittent. Telephone services are often routed over the internet, sharing the same fibre lines, especially in countries with limited telecoms infrastructure.

“Physically pulling the plug on fibre internet would therefore also shut down mobile and fixed-line telephone services,” Netblocks said. “It may turn out that disconnecting internet access while keeping phone service available will take some trial and error.”

On 16 September, the Balkh provincial spokesperson Attaullah Zaid said fibre-optic internet was completely banned in the northern province on the leader’s orders.

“This measure was taken to prevent vice, and alternative options will be put in place across the country to meet connectivity needs,” he wrote on social media.

At the time, the same restrictions were reported in the northern provinces of Badakhshan and Takhar, as well as in Kandahar, Helmand, Nangarhar and Uruzgan in the south.

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Bit hard to tell people the reason why you’ve imposed an internet blackout if you.. write it on social media. The Taliban continues to be disastrous for Afghanistan, and its increasingly cruel regime raises the question again and again of what was gained by invading it. One topic that seems to have disappeared from discussion is the food shortages – verging on famine – that were being reported recently. And there was a 6.0 earthquake in the summer which killed more than 2,000 people. The country has become a sort of memory hole.
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Human skin DNA fertilised to make embryo for first time • BBC News

James Gallagher:

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Reproduction used to be a simple story of man’s sperm meets woman’s egg. They fuse to make an embryo, and nine months later a baby is born.

Now scientists are changing the rules. This latest experiment starts with human skin. The technique could overcome infertility due to old age or disease, by using almost any cell in the body as the starting point for life.

The Oregon Health and Science University research team’s technique takes the nucleus – which houses a copy of the entire genetic code needed to build the body – out of a skin cell. This is then placed inside a donor egg that has been stripped of its genetic instructions.

So far, the technique is like the one used to create Dolly the Sheep – the world’s first cloned mammal – born back in 1996.

However, this egg is not ready to be fertilised by sperm as it already contains a full suite of chromosomes.

You inherit 23 of these bundles of DNA from each of your parents for a total of 46, which the egg already has.
So the next stage is to persuade the egg to discard half of its chromosomes in a process the researchers have termed “mitomeiosis” (the word is a fusion of mitosis and meiosis, the two ways cells divide).

The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, showed 82 functional eggs were made. These were fertilised with sperm and some progressed onto the early stages of embryos development. None were developed beyond the six-day-stage.

“We achieved something that was thought to be impossible,” said Prof Shoukhrat Mitalipov, the director of the Oregon Health and Science University’s centre for embryonic cell and gene therapy.

The technique is far from polished as the egg randomly chooses which chromosomes to discard. It needs to end up with one of each of the 23 types to prevent disease, but ends up with two of some and none of others.
There is also a poor success rate (around 9%) and the chromosomes miss an important process where they rearrange their DNA, called crossing over.

Prof Mitalipov, a world-renowned pioneer in the field, told me: “We have to perfect it.”

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You have to question it as well. The skin must come from a female (to be certain the egg has the X chromosome) and then you denucleate an egg. Sure, you could use a younger person’s egg – but an old person’s skin cells with have DNA errors which you don’t want to pass on. It feels a little pointless.
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I discovered ChatGPT’s best new feature: quitting things for you • The Washington Post

Geoffrey Fowler:

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I found the best new thing artificial intelligence can do for your personal life: quit online subscriptions.

It ain’t superintelligence. But it is useful. And the way it works — along with when it fails — offers us a snapshot of one of the most promising frontiers in AI, known as “agents.”

I recently wanted to quit Hulu and Disney+ but grew annoyed as I hunted for a cancel button. Making it annoying to quit is part of the business model for many companies. Amazon is paying $2.5 billion to settle with the Federal Trade Commission for tricking people into subscribing to Prime and then making it hard to cancel.
Wouldn’t it be great if a bot could quit for us? That’s the promise of AI agents: software that can go out and execute tasks for you in the real world, or at least on the World Wide Web.

So I pulled up ChatGPT, and tapped on a button for its new agent mode. (To access it, you need a $20-per-month upgrade called ChatGPT Plus — yes, another subscription.) Then I typed: “Unsubscribe me from Hulu and Disney+.” I also entered my Disney username and password.

It went to work via ChatGPT’s own browser window, where I could see a mouse pointer controlled by the bot clicking around the Disney website. It feels far out to watch a computer operate itself. You do have the ability to stop it and take over the browser at any time.

Two minutes and forty-five seconds later, ChatGPT came back to me and said: “I’ve navigated to your Disney+ account and located the ‘Cancel Subscription’ button. … Would you like me to go ahead and click it to finalize the cancellation?” With my permission, it did.

Frankly, I was surprised it worked.

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It’s like magic – we spend the odd $10bn and voila! A machine that can find a button that slightly better web design (or government regulation) would make obvious in the first place.
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AI “actress” Tilly Norwood draws backlash from Hollywood • Variety

Alex Ritman:

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The creator of AI actress Tilly Norwood has released a statement following a weekend of heated backlash over the news that talent agents were already interested in signing the digital character.

“To those who have expressed anger over the creation of my AI character, Tilly Norwood, she is not a replacement for a human being, but a creative work – a piece of art. Like many forms of art before her, she sparks conversation, and that in itself shows the power of creativity,” Eline Van der Velden wrote in a statement on Instagram, also posted on Norwood’s own Instagram page.

“I see AI not as a replacement for people, but as a new tool, a new paintbrush. Just as animation, puppetry, or CGI opened fresh possibilities without taking away from live acting, AI offers another way to imagine and build stories. I’m an actor myself, and nothing – certainly not an AI character – can take away the craft or joy of human performance.”

…Understandably, the loudest [critical] noise came from within the acting community, with several well-known names chiming in among the hundreds of angry messages left in online comments sections. Several suggested that the anger should be targeted at whichever agent signed Norwood.

“Hope all actors repped by the agent that does this, drop their a$$. How gross, read the room,” wrote Melissa Barrera on Instagram.

“Out the agents. I want names,” added Kiersey Clemons.

“And what about the hundreds of living young women whose faces were composited together to make her? You couldn’t hire any of them?” noted Mara Wilson.

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Well, you see, humans are so demanding. All that wanting money and sleeping and so on.
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Flushable wipes and Iran: water treatment facility adds cyberattacks to worry list • NPR

Jenna McLaughlin:

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Hackers might have hesitated in the past to intentionally disrupt the systems that underpin American society, fearing retaliation or escalation. But after years of minimal consequences and hefty financial rewards, hackers have increasingly targeted critical infrastructure, understanding that holding these systems hostage gives them unique leverage in achieving their goals — whether that’s spreading fear, wreaking havoc, pushing for certain geopolitical aims or simply making money.

Meanwhile, water and wastewater operators at over 50,000 public water systems across the United States are already burdened by the complex, technical and constantly changing job of making sure their cities and towns are supplied with clean water. They have unique needs and extremely limited resources. Their systems are antiquated, while long-awaited technological updates could introduce even more new digital vulnerabilities. Plus, those threats are ramping up at a time when the experts fear the Trump administration will continue slashing federal funding for cybersecurity.

“It’s scary that I’m the only door between you know, the Iranians, and our water system,” said [Chris] Hughes [the assistant water and wastewater operator for the towns of Cavendish and Proctorsville].

“It kind of makes me a little nervous. I don’t really have the background to be fending off foreign entities, you know … and so it makes me think a little bit, what could happen?” Hughes said.

Hughes is participating in a new project created by some of the biggest players in cybersecurity, including volunteers from the massive DEF CON hacker conference hosted annually in Las Vegas as well as from the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy and the Craig Newmark Foundation.

It’s called Project Franklin, named after U.S. founding father Benjamin Franklin, and the goal is to link experts from the DEF CON community, close to 30,000 hackers in total, with the people who run US critical infrastructure.

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That’s a lot of hackers! You’d have to be very trusting that they’re all acting in your interest, which is pretty hard to guarantee.
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Filipinos are addicted to online gambling. So is their government • Bloomberg via MSN

Andreo Calonzo and Neil Jerome Morales:

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Anyone in the Philippines age 21 or older can fill their digital wallets and place wagers over an internet connection. But with bets starting as low as 1 peso, or about 2¢, the industry is especially attractive to millions of low-income users imagining a pathway out of poverty. Bets start small but can quickly increase as people seek bigger payouts or try to make up for losses. To boost growth, online gambling companies often deploy local celebrities and sponsor widely watched events, from basketball games to beauty pageants. In a country where nearly a fifth of the population lives on less than $2 a day, users are invariably drawn to the prospect of a lucky break. “They are essentially targeting the people who can least afford to lose their money,” says Ben Lee, managing partner at Macau-based consulting firm IGamiX. “You are not taxing the rich; you’re taxing the poor.”

What’s happening in the Philippines serves as a warning to other developing nations such as Brazil that are just now opening up to online gambling. Legal internet betting has brought in lots of money for Philippine companies and even the government itself, which through its industry regulator, Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp., or Pagcor, collects 30% of gross gaming revenue from legal e-games. Now President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.’s government is caught between a growing public-health crisis and a lucrative industry that provides much-needed revenue. The government has taken small steps to partially unravel the collective addiction in recent months, but critics of its slow reaction say it’s been hard for political leaders to turn off the revenue tap.

Revenue collected from online casino license fees is projected to surge tenfold, to about $1bn, in 2025 from four years ago, according to Pagcor. The regulator, which both oversees and operates gambling facilities in what some see as a conflict of interest, is the second-biggest revenue contributor to government coffers among state-run companies, after only Land Bank of the Philippines. Revenue from internet betting this year eclipsed that of physical casinos for the first time, underlining the industry’s rapid expansion.

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There’s almost a cruelty about it: the companies which can afford to offer online gambling are enormously rich, and they make money hand over fist. Meanwhile the hopefuls lose, and lose, and lose.
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Samsung confirms plan to make foldable displays for “major American company” • MacRumors

Hartley Charlton:

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Samsung Display president Lee Cheong has confirmed plans to make foldable smartphone displays for a major American company, which is widely believed to be Apple.

As reported in Chosun Biz, Cheong last week told journalists in Seoul that the company is accelerating preparations for mass production of OLED displays designed for foldable smartphones to be supplied to a “North American client.” He declined to provide further information about the client, but it is widely expected to be Apple.

The comments reflect the solidification of rumors around Apple’s first foldable iPhone, which is now believed to be less than a year away from launch.

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How many “major American companies” are there which need smartphone screens? I don’t think BlackBerry (which is anyway Canadian) is in the running here. It’s a list that’s one item long. So that seems to confirm that the iPhone Air is the starting point for the iPhone Fold (or whatever it’s called).
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Errata, corrigenda and ai no corrida: none notified