In Edinburgh, limiting vehicle speeds to 20mph dramatically reduced deaths and injuries. And now the PM wants.. to increase them again? CC-licensed photo by Eli Christman on Flickr.
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A selection of 10 links for you. Whoa, horsey. I’m @charlesarthur on Twitter. On Mastodon: https://newsie.social/@charlesarthur. Observations and links welcome.
A room-temperature superconductor? New developments • Science
Derek Lowe is updating this page:
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As of this morning, there are (as yet not really verified) reports of replication from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China. At least, a video has been posted showed what could be a sample of LK-99 levitating over a magnet due to the Meissner effect, and in different orientations relative to the magnet itself. That’s important, because a (merely!) paramagnetic material can levitate in a sufficiently strong field (as can diamagnetic materials like water droplets and frogs), but these can come back to a particular orientation like a compass needle.
Superconductors are “perfect diamagnets”, excluding all magnetic fields, and that’s a big difference. The “Meissner effect” that everyone has been hearing about so much is observed when a material first becomes superconductive at the right temperature and expels whatever magnetic fields were penetrating it at the time. All this said, we’re having to take the video on the statements of whoever made/released it, and there are other possible explanations for the it that do not involve room-temperature superconductivity. I will be very happy if this is a real replication, but I’m not taking the day off yet to celebrate just based on this.
And even though I’m usually more of an experimental-results guy than a theory guy, two other new preprints interest me greatly. One is from a team at the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, and the other is from Sinéad Griffin at Lawrence Berkeley. Both start from the reported X-ray structural data of LK-99 and look at its predicted behavior via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. And they come to very similar conclusions: it could work.
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He concludes that he’s “guardedly optimistic” at this point.
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Study: insect protein slows weight gain, boosts health status in obese mice • Medical Xpress
Lauren Quinn:
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A new study in mice from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign suggests replacing traditional protein sources with mealworms in high-fat diets could slow weight gain, improve immune response, reduce inflammation, enhance energy metabolism, and beneficially alter the ratio of good to bad cholesterol.
“In addition to more dietary fiber, nutritionists also recommend eating more high-quality proteins as part of a weight management plan. We knew from an earlier study in roosters that mealworms are a high quality, highly digestible protein source that’s also environmentally sustainable,” said lead study author Kelly Swanson, professor in the Department of Animal Sciences and interim director of the Division of Nutritional Sciences, both in the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES) at U. of I.
Swanson’s team fed mice a high-fat diet (46% calories from fat) with casein, a protein from dairy, for 12 weeks before switching to the alternative proteins. Another group, the control, consumed a lean diet with casein throughout the experiment. By the time mealworms were introduced, the high-fat diet group was obese and experiencing metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions increasing risk of heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and other health problems.
The mice then started eating two types of mealworms in a dried, powdered form similar to flour, substituting either 50% or 100% of the casein in the diet. During and after 8 weeks on the experimental diets, the research team measured body weight, body composition, blood metabolites, and gene expression of the liver and adipose (fat) tissue.
Mealworm protein didn’t cause obese mice to lose weight, but their rate of weight gain slowed relative to mice consuming high-fat diets with casein.
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It’s the mealworms or Ozempic! Somehow I’m not confident people will go for the mealworms.
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News Corp using AI to produce 3,000 Australian local news stories a week • The Guardian
Amanda Meade:
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News Corp Australia is producing 3,000 articles a week using generative artificial intelligence, executive chair Michael Miller has revealed.
Miller told the World News Media Congress in Taipei that a team of four staff use the technology to generate thousands of local stories each week on weather, fuel prices and traffic conditions, according to a report in Mediaweek.
The unit, Data Local, is led by News Corp’s data journalism editor Peter Judd and many of the stories carry his byline.
The unit supplements the copy written by reporters for the companies’ 75 “hyperlocal” mastheads across the country including in Penrith, Lismore, Fairfield, Bundaberg and Cairns.
Stories such as “Where to find the cheapest fuel in Penrith” are created using AI but overseen by journalists, according to a spokesperson from News Corp. There is no disclosure on the page that the reports are compiled using AI.
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The spokesperson confirmed Miller had made the comments at a conference last month and said it would be more accurate to describe the “3,000 articles” as providing service information.“For example, for some years now we have used automation to update local fuel prices several times daily as well as daily court lists, traffic and weather, death and funeral notices,” the spokesperson said.
“I’d stress that all such information and decisions are overseen by working journalists from the Data Local team.”
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It’s all coming up AI journalism, isn’t it? Aftonbladet yesterday, and now this and the next link which brings it closer to (your British) home.
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Editor’s letter: Nottinghamshire Live launches AI trial • Nottinghamshire Live
Natalie Fahy:
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At Nottinghamshire Live we always aim to give our readers the best experience. Whether that’s being first with breaking news, or offering you insight and opinion on what’s going on in your neighbourhood, we pride ourselves on being the biggest and most trusted source of news in Nottinghamshire.
We also like to try and take advantage of new developments in our industry when the opportunity presents, and if we think it will be right for us and for readers.
That’s the reason I am writing to you today: to let you know about a new experiment we are running across our site involving Artificial Intelligence tools.
You might see a bullet point summary at the top of some of our longer articles, which we hope will help you get a sense of what you’re about to read and improve the experience for you.
These have been generated using an AI tool, and will always be checked over by a news editor before being added to articles. Any article published with this summary will have a sentence at the bottom to let you know AI has been used too. You can see one of the first ones we tried here.
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My 2p: the summary almost doubles the length of the article. But at least it’s accurate.
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Treating beef like coal would make a big dent in greenhouse-gas emissions
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The impact of food on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions can slip under the radar. In a survey in Britain last year, the share of respondents saying that “producing plants and meat on farms” was a “significant contributor” to climate change was the lowest among ten listed activities. Yet two papers published this year in Nature Food find that food, especially beef, creates more GHGs than previously thought. Forgoing steaks may be one of the most efficient ways to reduce your carbon footprint.
In 2019 the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimated that the global food system was responsible for 21-37% of GHG emissions. This March researchers from the European Commission and the UN’s Food and Agriculture Office released a study with a central estimate near the top of this range. It attributed 34% of GHGs produced in 2015 to food.
This elevated share stems in part from accounting choices. The paper assigns the full impact of deforestation to the agriculture that results from it; includes emissions after food is sold (such as from waste and cooking); and counts non-food crops like cotton. But even when the authors excluded embedded emissions from sources like transport and packaging, they still found that agriculture generated 24% of GHGs. According to the World Resources Institute (a research group), cars, trains, ships and planes produce a total of 16%.
Another recent paper, by Xiaoming Xu of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and eight co-authors, allocates this impact among 171 crops and 16 animal products. It finds that animal-based foods account for 57% of agricultural ghgs, versus 29% for food from plants. Beef and cow’s milk alone made up 34%. Combined with the earlier study’s results, this implies that cattle produce 12% of GHG emissions.
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If we are going to eat meat.. chicken?
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TikTok has pushed Chinese propaganda ads to millions across Europe • Forbes
Iain Martin and Emily Baker-White:
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TikTok has served up a flood of ads from Chinese state propaganda outlets to millions of Europeans in recent months, according to a new ad library published by the company on July 20. The promotions range in topic from defenses of Chinese Covid-19 lockdowns to adorable cats playing on the Great Wall of China to efforts to recast the country’s Xinjiang region — where it has persecuted and detained more than one million mostly Muslim Uyghurs — as a spectacular tourist destination.
An analysis of the ad library conducted by Forbes showed that as of Wednesday, July 26, more than 1,000 ads from Chinese state media outlets like People’s Daily and CGTN have run on the platform since October 2022. They have been served to millions of users across Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The ad library does not yet display data on ads presented to users in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries outside of Europe.
Much of the content advertised by China state media on TikTok focused on frequent talking points from its TV, radio and print outlets that tout China’s economy, technology and cultural heritage. References to Xinjiang, where the U.S. government have branded the Chinese government’s campaign of mass repression, imprisonment and “reeducation” as a genocide, appeared in 92 of the 124 adverts promoted by one state media account.
One ad, shown in March, was paid for by China News International and featured a man doing a traditional dance under the caption “Xinjiang is a good place!”
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So we’re worried about the content that TikTok is pushing to us, and we’re worried about the adverts that TikTok is pushing to us. Good job, everyone.
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Twitter threatens to sue Center for Countering Digital Hate over research • The New York Times
Sheera Frenkel and Ryan Mac:
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In a blog post Monday evening, X announced that it had filed a lawsuit against the Center for Countering Digital Hate for “actively working to prevent free expression.” The suit was filed in federal court in the Northern District of California.
Twitter’s advertising business has been struggling under the ownership of Mr. Musk, who bought the company last year. US ad revenue for the five weeks from April 1 to the first week of May was $88m, down 59% from a year earlier. Advertisers may have been spooked by Mr. Musk’s changes to the social network, including the removal of rules of what can or can’t be said on the service and more ads featuring online gambling and marijuana products.
In May, Mr. Musk hired Linda Yaccarino, a former top advertising executive for NBCUniversal, to become Twitter’s chief executive.
The letter was at least the third legal threat or action by X Corp. in the last two months. In May, it sent a letter to Satya Nadella, Microsoft’s chief executive, accusing the tech giant of improperly using its data. This month, it also sent a letter to Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, saying it had copied Twitter’s trade secrets when creating Threads, a new social app.
X also sued Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, a leading corporate law firm, this month over what it said were unjust payments related to Mr. Musk’s $44bn acquisition of Twitter.
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The update here is Twitter actually suing, after exchanging nastygrams over the weekend. Quite the collection of lawsuits it’s collecting there.
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Mitch McConnell’s ‘sandbag’ moment stokes anxiety over US gerontocracy • Financial Times
Lauren Fedor:
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McConnell, who had a lengthy absence from the Senate this year after suffering a fall at an event at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in Washington, is far from the US Senate’s oldest member. That title belongs to Dianne Feinstein, the 90-year-old California Democrat. Chuck Grassley, the Republican senior senator from Iowa, is 89.
Feinstein’s age has been a particular cause for consternation after the Democratic lawmaker was absent from Congress for an extended period following a bout of shingles. She has appeared strikingly frail since returning to Capitol Hill and doubts over her cognitive abilities linger.
This week, she looked confused about what to do during a committee hearing, until a Democratic colleague, Patty Murray of Washington, instructed her to “just say ‘aye’”.
Meanwhile, at 80 years old, Biden has set the record for the oldest person elected US president. He will be 86 at the end of his second four-year term if he wins re-election.
Biden’s age and insinuations about his mental acuity have become a regular theme in Republican attacks on the president, especially on social media, even though the party’s frontrunner Donald Trump is just three years younger than the president.
In a Harvard Caps/Harris poll of about 2,000 registered voters this month 68% — including 43% of Democrats — thought Biden was “showing he is too old to be president”, up from 66% in June.
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Does an ageing population deserve ageing politicians? Surely not this old.
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Supermarket plastic bag charge has led to 98% drop in use in England, data shows • The Guardian
Damien Gayle:
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Environmental campaigners have called on the government to learn from its own successes after official figures showed the use of single-use supermarket plastic bags had fallen 98% since retailers in England began charging for them in 2015.
Annual distribution of plastic carrier bags by seven leading grocery chains plummeted from 7.6bn in 2014 to 133m last year, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said on Monday.
Rebecca Pow, the minister for environmental quality and resilience, said the policy had “helped to stop billions of single-use carrier bags littering our neighbourhoods or heading to landfill”. The government claimed the average person in England now bought just two single-use carrier bags a year from major retailers.
Campaigners welcomed the finding but said the statistic did not account for all types of plastic bag . They also questioned the timing of the announcement, made as experts said plans for 100 new North Sea oil and gas wells, announced the same day by the prime minister would “send a wrecking ball through the UK’s climate commitments”.
A 5p charge for carrier bags was introduced in English supermarkets in 2015. In 2021, the charge was increased to 10p and extended to all businesses. Since then, the number of plastic bags used across all retailers had fallen 35%, from 627m in 2019-20 to 406m in 2022-23, Defra said.
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Interesting to see how things have changed. Back in 2014, Surfers Against Sewage were campaigning for the charge to be introduced, and for exemptions not to be allowed. The problem was they had to persuade the new Secretary of State for the Environment – at the time, a certain Liz Truss. Whatever happened to her, I wonder.
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Slowing city traffic cuts road deaths by a quarter, study shows • NIHR
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Restricting a city’s speed limits to 20mph can reduce road deaths by almost a quarter, NIHR-funded research finds. [NIHR = National Institute of Health and Care Research]
Accident rates across Edinburgh fell without extra traffic-calming measures and police patrols. Serious injuries fell by a third too, the study showed. Replacing speed limit signs improved road safety and enhanced residents’ quality of life. The speed limit scheme was cost-effective, researchers say.
Before the new restrictions, 45 out of 100 cars in Edinburgh travelled above 25 mph. One year later, the figure had dropped to 31. Average speeds on affected roads also fell.
The number of collisions in one year fell by 40% to 367, and there were 409 fewer casualties – a drop of 39%. Fatalities dropped by 23% and serious injuries fell by 33%.
Experts at Edinburgh University led the study. It is the UK’s most extensive evaluation of 20mph speed limits so far. They worked with local and national traffic authorities to gauge the effectiveness of 20mph restrictions. The City of Edinburgh Council introduced the speed limits scheme in 2016.
The scheme applied to 80% of Edinburgh’s streets aiming to cut accidents. It aimed to encourage more walking and cycling and create more pleasant neighbourhoods. Researchers also assessed a smaller scheme in Belfast. This found reducing traffic speed also helps create better quality environments.
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This was published back in October 2022, but seems relevant as Rishi Sunak appears hell-bent on raising the speed limit to 50 in those locations. The study is here, and covers 2000 to 2018 – so not including the pandemic.
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| • Why do social networks drive us a little mad? • Why does angry content seem to dominate what we see? • How much of a role do algorithms play in affecting what we see and do online? • What can we do about it? • Did Facebook have any inkling of what was coming in Myanmar in 2016? Read Social Warming, my latest book, and find answers – and more. |
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The Overspill: when there's more that I want to say 